Ian Morris adayika khutu la galu wake mkamwa, adajambula selfie, ndikulengeza kuti "Man Bites Galu." Buku lake latsopano Nkhondo: Ndi Yabwino Bwanji? Kusamvana ndi Kupita patsogolo kwa Chitukuko kuchokera ku Primates kupita ku Maloboti cholinga chake ndi kutsimikizira kuti nkhondo ndi yabwino kwa ana ndi zamoyo zina. Zimatsimikiziradi kuti omenyera nkhondo akukula akufunitsitsa mikangano.
Morris akunena kuti njira yokhayo yopangira mtendere ndi kupanga magulu akuluakulu, ndipo njira yokhayo yopangira magulu akuluakulu ndi nkhondo. Potsirizira pake, iye akukhulupirira kuti njira yokhayo yotetezera mtendere ndiyo kupyolera mwa wapolisi mmodzi wapadziko lonse. Mukangopanga mtendere, amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zimayenda bwino. Ndipo m’chotukukacho mutuluka chisangalalo. Choncho, nkhondo imabweretsa chisangalalo. Koma chinthu chimodzi chomwe simuyenera kusiya kuchitapo kanthu ngati mukuyembekeza kukhala ndi mtendere, kutukuka, ndi chisangalalo ndi - mumaganiza - nkhondo.
Lingaliro ili limakhala chowiringula cha masamba mazana amtundu wa mbiri ya Monty Python yaukadaulo wankhondo, osatchulapo za kusinthika kwa anyani, ndi maulendo angapo osafunikira. Masambawa ali ndi mbiri yoyipa komanso zongoyerekeza, ndipo ndimakopeka kwambiri kuti ndidziwe zambiri. Koma palibe chimene chimakhudza kwambiri mfundo za m’bukuli. Mbiri yonse ya Morris, yolondola komanso mwanjira ina, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthano. Akunena nkhani yosavuta yofotokoza za komwe chitetezo ndi chisangalalo zidayambira, ndipo amalimbikitsa makhalidwe owononga kwambiri oyambitsa mavuto.
Pamene magulu ang'onoang'ono, apakati, ndi akuluakulu akhala amtendere, Morris amanyalanyaza. Pali njira zambiri zochitira fotokozani zamtendere, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo amene amaika mtsogoleri wotsogolera nkhondo pamwamba, ndipo palibe amene amaika pamwamba pa mayiko okhawo omwe angaganizidwe kuti agwera pansi pa Pax Americana.
Mabungwe akakulitsidwa mwamtendere, monga momwe European Union idakhazikitsira, Morris akuwomba m'manja (akuganiza kuti EU idapeza mphotho yake yamtendere, ndipo mosakayikira makamaka chifukwa chopanga nkhondo zambiri ngati wachiwiri kwa globocop) koma amangodumphadumpha. mfundo yakuti nkhondo siinagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga EU. (Iye amapewa United Nations kwathunthu.)
Pamene globocop imabweretsa imfa ndi chiwonongeko ndi chisokonezo ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, kapena Yemen, Morris amalowetsa zala zake m'makutu ndi kung'ung'udza. "Nkhondo zapakati pa mayiko" akutiuza (monga zambiri zomwe ananena, popanda mawu am'munsi) "zatsala pang'ono kutha." Chabwino ayi kuti nkhani yabwino?! (Morris mochititsa chidwi amachepetsa kufa kwa Iraq kuchokera apo [palibe?] nkhondo, ndipo ndithudi palibe mawu apansi.)
Mu chikhalidwe chomwe chakhala chikumenya nkhondo kwa nthawi yayitali, zakhala zotheka kunena kuti nkhondo zimabweretsa kulimba mtima, nkhondo zimabweretsa kulimba mtima, nkhondo zimabweretsa akapolo, nkhondo zimabweretsa kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe. Wina akanatha kunena m’malo osiyanasiyana kuti nkhondo ndiyo njira yokhayo yopezera zinthu zambiri, osati magulu akuluakulu amene amachepetsa kuphana kwapang’ono. Zaka zana zapitazo William James anali ndi nkhawa kuti panalibe njira yopangira umunthu popanda nkhondo, ndipo omenyera nkhondo anali kulengeza kuti ndizabwino kwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo molunjika kwambiri kuposa momwe Morris adatsikira. Kodi nkhondo yakhala njira yomangira maufumu ndi mayiko? Zedi, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti maulamuliro ndi njira yokhayo yamtendere, kapena kuti nkhondoyo inali chida chokhacho chomangira dziko, komanso kuti tiyenera kupitiliza kumenya nkhondo m'nthawi yomwe sitikupanga maufumu kapena mayiko. Mfundo yakuti mapiramidi akale mwina anamangidwa ndi akapolo sizimapangitsa ukapolo kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yosungiramo mapiramidiwo.
Kumanga chinthu chabwino, monga kuthetsa ukapolo ku United States, kunkhondo, monga nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku US, sikupangitsa nkhondo kukhala njira yokhayo yothetsera ukapolo. Ndipotu mayiko ambiri amene anathetsa ukapolo anachita zimenezi popanda nkhondo. Zocheperapo ndikupitilira kumenya nkhondo njira yokhayo (kapena njira yothandiza) kuyimitsa kubwezeretsedwa kwa ukapolo kapena kumaliza kutha kwake. Ndipo, mwa njira, madera ambiri omwe Morris akuti akupita patsogolo kudzera munkhondo analinso ndi ukapolo, ufumu, akazi monga katundu, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndi kupembedza kwa zipembedzo tsopano kulibe. Kodi mabungwe amenewo analinso ofunikira kaamba ka mtendere ndi chitukuko, kapena kodi iwo anali osafunika, kapena tinagonjetsa ena mwa iwo mwa njira zamtendere? Morris, panthawi ina, amavomereza kuti ukapolo (osati nkhondo chabe) unapanga chuma cha ku Ulaya, kenako ndikuyamikira kusintha kwa mafakitale - mulungu yemwe, m'maganizo mwake, mosakayikira anali mtendere wopangidwa ndi nkhondo. (Munkayembekezera chiyani, Bwalo la Inquisition la ku Spain?)
Zida zopanda chiwawa zomwe zapindula kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi sizinapezekepo m'buku la Morris, kotero palibe kuyerekezera ndi nkhondo. Zosintha zopanda chiwawa zimakonda kusokoneza maufumu kapena kusintha utsogoleri wamtundu womwe umakhalabe wofanana, kotero Morris sayenera kuwaona ngati zida zothandiza, ngakhale atapanga magulu omasuka komanso otukuka. Koma sizikuwonekeratu kuti Morris amatha kuwazindikira akawawona. Morris akuti m'zaka zapitazi za 30 "ife" (akuwoneka kuti akutanthauza ku United States, koma angatanthauze kuti dziko lapansi, sizodziwika bwino) takhala "otetezeka komanso olemera kuposa kale lonse."
Morris akudzitamandira kuti ziwopsezo zakuphedwa zaku US zikutsika, komabe mayiko ambiri ochokera kumayiko onse ali ndi ziwopsezo zocheperako kuposa US Komanso mayiko akulu sakonda kupha anthu kuposa mayiko ang'onoang'ono. Morris akukweza Denmark ngati chitsanzo, koma osayang'ana gulu la Denmark, kugawa kwake chuma, zothandizira anthu. Morris akuti dziko lonse lapansi likukula mofanana ndi chuma.
Kubwerera kuno zenizeni, akatswiri a mbiri yakale a m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages amanena kuti m'badwo wathu uli ndi kusiyana kwakukulu - kusiyana komwe kukukula mkati mwa United States makamaka, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Oxfam inanena kuti anthu 85 olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi ndalama zambiri kuposa osauka 3.5 biliyoni. Umenewo ndi mtendere umene Morris walumbirira kuti si wataya. United States tithe wachitatu pachuma chapakati koma 27 pachuma chapakati. Komabe, mwanjira ina Morris akukhulupirira kuti United States ikhoza kutsogolera njira yopita ku "Denmark" komanso kuti Denmark yokha ingakhale Denmark chifukwa cha anthu angati omwe United States amapha mu "nkhondo zopindulitsa" (ngakhale kuti "atsala pang'ono kutha"). Morris akulemba zanzeru izi kuchokera ku Silicon Valley, komwe akuti sawona chilichonse koma chuma, komabe komwe anthu alibe malo ogona koma mgalimoto posachedwa yoletsedwa pochita zimenezo.
Ndifenso otetezeka, akuganiza Morris, chifukwa sawona zangozi zanyengo zomwe zikuyenera kuda nkhawa. Amakonda kwambiri nkhondo zamafuta, komabe samawona zotsatira za mafuta mpaka kumapeto kwa bukhuli pomwe amatenga kamphindi kuti athetse nkhawa zotere.
Ndifenso otetezeka, Morris akutiuza, chifukwa kulibenso ma nukes okwanira padziko lapansi kuti atiphe tonse. Sanamvepo njala ya nyukiliya? Kodi sakumvetsa kuopsa kwa kuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zanyukiliya ndi mphamvu? Mayiko aŵiri ali ndi zikwi za zida za nyukiliya zokonzeka kuphulitsidwa m’kanthaŵi kochepa, lililonse la mayikoŵa lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mabomba a nyukiliya aŵiri amene aponyedwa mpaka pano; ndipo limodzi la mayikowa likukankhira lina ndi ndodo ku Ukraine, zomwe zachititsa chiwawa chochuluka, osati chocheperapo, mwa opindula ndi kukula koteroko. Pakadali pano akuluakulu omwe amayang'anira zida za nyukiliya aku US akugwidwa akubera mayeso kapena kutumiza zida zanyukiliya mdziko lonse mopanda chitetezo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawona kuyang'anira zida za nyukiliya ngati njira yotsikitsitsa yomaliza. Izi zikutipangitsa kukhala otetezeka?
Morris hypes Mabodza za Iran kutsata zida za nyukiliya. Akutsegula bukulo ndi nkhani ya chiwonongeko cha nyukiliya pafupi (imodzi mwa ambiri omwe akanatha kuwasankha). Ndipo komabe, mwanjira ina kuchotsera zida sikuli pandandanda, makamaka osati ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa pakusunga kapena kuchulukitsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo. Osadandaula, akutitsimikizira kuti, "chitetezo cha mizinga" chimagwira ntchito, kapena mwina tsiku lina, chidzatiteteza - ngakhale amavomereza kuti sichitero. Mfundo yake ndi yankhondo, ndipo nkhondo ndi yabwino, chifukwa nkhondo imafalitsa mtendere. Umu ndi udindo womwe US iyenera kuchita kuti ipindulitse onse: wapolisi wapadziko lonse lapansi. Morris, ngakhale kuti ndi wokonda kwambiri Barack Obama, amakhulupirira kuti apurezidenti onse aposachedwa aku US ayenera kukhala ndi Mphotho Yamtendere ya Nobel. Morris samanenapo kanthu pa izi dziko lonse lapansi likuwona United States ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu chamtendere wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Morris akuvomereza kuti United States ikuzungulira dziko la China ndi zida, koma akufotokoza momveka bwino momwe dziko la China likuyankha pomanga zida zomwe zidzangogwira ntchito pafupi ndi gombe la China, osati ngati chitetezo kapena unimperialism, koma "asymmetrical" - ndipo tonse tikudziwa. kutanthauza chiyani: zopanda chilungamo! China ikhoza kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti a globocop amenye nkhondo ku China ndi kuzungulira. Morris uyu akuwona ngati ngozi yomwe ikubwera. Yankho, akuganiza kuti, ndiloti dziko la United States likhalebe ndi nkhondo (osakumbukira kuti asilikali ake amapangitsa China kuwoneka ngati chidole cha mwana). Kupha ma drone kwambiri sikwabwino kokha komanso (ndipo zachabechabe zotere nthawi zonse zimakupangitsani kudabwa chifukwa chomwe woyimira wake akuvutitsa kulimbikitsa) zosatheka. Inde, United States siyambitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi China, akutero Morris, chifukwa kuyambitsa nkhondo kumawononga kwambiri mbiri ya dziko. (Mutha kuwona momwe mbiri yaku US yavutikira moyipa pamaso pa Morris kutsatira nkhondo zake zaposachedwa.)
Ndipo komabe, zomwe zili m'chizimezime, pafupifupi mosapeweka, Morris akuti, ndi Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Yachitatu.
Palibe chimene mungachite nazo. Osadandaula kugwirira ntchito mtendere, Morris akuti. Koma yankho likhoza kupezekabe. Ngati titha kupitiliza kutaya ndalama zathu kunkhondo kwa zaka zana limodzi, kapena kupitilira apo, zida zowonjezera, kuwononga chilengedwe, kutaya ufulu wathu m'dziko lachitsanzo laufulu, ndiye - ngati tili ndi mwayi - opanga mapulogalamu apakompyuta. a Silicon Valley atipulumutsa ife, kapena ena a ife, kapena chinachake, mwa . . . dikirani . . . kutilumikiza ku makompyuta kuti malingaliro athu onse agwirizane.
Morris atha kukhala ndi chidaliro kuposa ine kuti zotsatira za mkwatulo wapakompyutawu zikhala zachifundo zapadziko lonse lapansi osati kukhumudwa. Koma pambuyo pake, watenga nthawi yayitali kuti azolowerane ndi momwe amaganizira.
