Mafunso otsatirawa adasindikizidwanso ndi chilolezo chochokera kwa Inquiring Mind: The Semiannual Journal of the Vipassana Community, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Spring 2014). © 2014 ndi Kufunsa Maganizo.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuyitanitsa buku la Inquiring Mind's Spring 2014 "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", lomwe limasanthula malingaliro ndi zankhondo, kusachita zachiwawa, ndi mitu yofananira kuchokera kumalingaliro achibuda. Zitsanzo ndi zolembetsa zimaperekedwa pamalipiro-chomwe--you-mungathe pa www.inquiringmind.com. Chonde thandizirani ntchito ya Inquiring Mind!
KARMA WA KUSINTHA:
KUCHEZA NDI ANN WRIGHT
Patatha zaka zambiri msilikali wa US akutsatiridwa ndi Utumiki Wachilendo, Ann Wright tsopano ndi wolimbikitsa mtendere amene kusiya kwake ntchito ku US State Department kudakhudzidwa ndi ziphunzitso za Chibuda. Iye ndi mawu apadera pa nkhani za nkhondo ndi mtendere. Wright adagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito ku US Army zaka khumi ndi zitatu komanso zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ku Army Reserves, akukwera paudindo wa Colonel. Pambuyo pa usilikali, adatumikira zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mu Dipatimenti Yaboma m'mayiko ochokera ku Uzbekistan kupita ku Grenada komanso monga Wachiwiri kwa Chief of Mission (Wachiwiri kwa Ambassador) ku ofesi ya kazembe wa US ku Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia ndi Mongolia. Mu Marichi 2003 anali m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito m'boma atatu, onse akuluakulu a State Department, omwe adasiya ntchito potsutsa nkhondo ya ku Iraq. Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, Wright wakhala akulankhula molimba mtima pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zida, Gaza, kuzunzidwa, kumangidwa kosatha, ndende ya Guantanamo ndi ma drones opha anthu. Zochita za Wright, kuphatikiza zokambirana, maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso kusamvera anthu, zakhala zamphamvu kwambiri pagulu lamtendere. Othandizira anzawo omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi utsogoleri wake akhoza kunena, monga momwe akunenera, "Pali munthu wina yemwe wakhala zaka zambiri za moyo wake ali msilikali komanso gulu laukazembe ndipo tsopano ali wokonzeka kuyankhula za mtendere ndikutsutsa zomwe America ikuyenera kukhala nayo. nkhondo kuti akhale wamphamvu padziko lapansi. ”
Wright amagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe monga Veterans for Peace, Code Pink: Women for Peace, ndi Peace Action. Koma potengera mbiri yake ya usilikali komanso akazembe a US, amalankhula ngati mawu odziyimira pawokha.
Kufunsa akonzi a Mind Alan Senauke ndi Barbara Gates adafunsa Ann Wright kudzera pa Skype mu Novembala 2013.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Kusiya kwanu ku US State Department mu 2003 kutsutsana ndi nkhondo ya Iraq kunagwirizana ndi kuphunzira kwanu kwa Buddhism. Tiuzeni mmene munachitira chidwi ndi Chibuda ndi mmene kuphunzira Chibuda kunakhudzira maganizo anu.
ANN WRIGHT: Panthawi yosiya ntchito ndinali Wachiwiri kwa Chief of Mission ku Embassy ya US ku Mongolia. Ndinali nditayamba kuphunzira malemba a Chibuda kuti ndimvetse bwino zimene anthu a ku Mongolia ankaphunzitsa. Nditafika ku Mongolia, panadutsa zaka XNUMX kuchokera pamene dzikolo linachoka m’dera la Soviet Union. Achibuda
anali kukumba zinthu zakale zimene mabanja awo anakwirira zaka makumi angapo m’mbuyomo pamene Asovieti anawononga akachisi Achibuda.
Ndinali ndisanazindikire ndisanafike ku Mongolia mmene Chibuda chinalili mbali ya moyo wa dzikolo Soviet Union isanayambe kulanda ufumu mu 1917. Zaka za zana la XNUMX zisanafike, kusinthana kwa maganizo a Chibuda pakati pa Mongolia ndi Tibet kunali kwakukulu; Ndipotu, mawu akuti Dalai Lama ndi mawu a Chimongoliya otanthauza “Nyanja Yanzeru.”
Pamene kuli kwakuti malama ndi masisitere ambiri anaphedwa m’nthaŵi ya ulamuliro wa Soviet Union, m’zaka khumi ndi zisanu chiyambire pamene Asovieti anamasula dzikolo, Amongolia ambiri anali kuphunzira chipembedzo choletsedwa kwanthaŵi yaitali; akachisi atsopano ndi amphamvu Chibuda mankhwala ndi luso sukulu anakhazikitsidwa.
Ulan Bator, likulu la mzinda ndi kumene ndinkakhala, unali malo amodzi opangira mankhwala a ku Tibet. Nthaŵi zonse ndikakhala ndi chimfine kapena chimfine ndinkapita kusitolo ya mankhwala ya m’kachisi kukawona zimene madokotala angavomereze, ndipo m’kukambitsirana kwanga ndi amonke ndi anthu wamba a ku Mongolia amene anathandiza kuyendetsa pharmacy, ndinaphunzira za mbali zosiyanasiyana za Chibuda. Ndinatenganso kalasi yamadzulo ya Buddhism ndipo ndinaŵerenga zimene analimbikitsa. Mwinamwake sizinali zodabwitsa kwa Abuda ambiri, zinkawoneka ngati nthawi iliyonse ndikatsegula kabuku mu mndandanda umodzi wa zowerengera, padzakhala chinachake chomwe chinali chonga, o, ubwino wanga, chodabwitsa chotani nanga kuti kuwerenga kumeneku kukuyankhula kwa ine.
IM: Ndi ziphunzitso zotani zomwe zidakuwuzani?
AW: Mathirakiti osiyanasiyana achi Buddha anali ofunikira kwambiri kwa ine pamkangano wanga wamkati momwe ndingathetsere kusagwirizana kwanga ndi kayendetsedwe ka Bush. Ndemanga ina inandikumbutsa kuti zochita zonse zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake, kuti maiko, monga anthu pawokha, pomalizira pake adzayankha mlandu wa zochita zawo.
Makamaka, ndemanga za a Dalai Lama mu September 2002 mu "Kukumbukira Tsiku Loyamba la Seputembara 11, 2001" zinali zofunika pazokambirana zanga za Iraq komanso zofunikira kwambiri panjira yathu ya Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Yolimbana ndi Ugawenga. A Dalai Lama anati, “Mikangano simayamba chifukwa cha buluu. Zimachitika chifukwa cha zoyambitsa ndi mikhalidwe, yomwe ambiri mwa iwo ali m'manja mwa adani. Apa ndi pamene utsogoleri uli wofunikira. Uchigawenga sungathe kugonjetsedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, chifukwa sichithetsa mavuto omwe amayambitsa. Ndipotu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu sikungalepheretse kuthetsa mavuto, kumawonjezera; nthawi zambiri zimasiya chiwonongeko ndi kuzunzika mkati
kulira kwake.”
IM: Amalozera ku ziphunzitso pazifukwa
AW: Inde, chifukwa-ndi-zotsatira zomwe olamulira a Bush sanayese kuvomereza. A Dalai Lama adazindikira kuti United States iyenera kuyang'ana zifukwa zomwe bin Ladin ndi maukonde ake akubweretsa ziwawa ku America. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya Gulf, bin Laden adalengeza kudziko lonse chifukwa chake adakwiyira America: Mabwalo a asilikali a US achoka ku Saudi Arabia pa "dziko lopatulika la Islam" ndi kukondera kwa US kwa Israeli pa nkhondo ya Israeli ndi Palestina.
Izi ndi zifukwa zomwe sizikudziwikabe ndi boma la US ngati zifukwa zomwe anthu akupitiliza kuvulaza anthu aku America komanso "zokonda zaku US." Ndi malo akhungu mu
Boma la America likuyang'ana dziko lapansi, ndipo mwatsoka ndikuwopa kuti ndi malo osawona m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri aku America kuti sitizindikira zomwe boma lathu limachita zomwe zimayambitsa mkwiyo padziko lonse lapansi ndikupangitsa anthu ena kuchita zachiwawa komanso zakupha. zochita motsutsana ndi Amereka.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti America idayenera kuyankha mwanjira ina zachiwawa zomwe al-Qaeda amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonongedwa kwa World Trade Towers, gawo la Pentagon, kuphulika kwa mabomba kwa USS Cole, kuphulika kwa akazembe awiri a US ku East Africa, ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba a US Air Force Kobar Towers ku Saudi Arabia sikunapite popanda yankho. Izi zati, mpaka US itavomereza kuti mfundo zaku America - makamaka kuwukira ndi kulanda mayiko - zimayambitsa mkwiyo padziko lapansi, ndikusintha momwe amalumikizirana padziko lapansi, ndikuwopa kuti takhala nthawi yayitali. za kubwezera kuposa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe tavutika nazo kale.
IM: Monga membala wa gulu lankhondo komanso ngati kazembe komanso ngati munthu wamba yemwe akuchita nawo ndale, mwawonetsa kuti mumakhulupirira kuti nthawi zina ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo. Ndi liti?
AW: Ndikuganiza kuti pali zochitika zina zomwe gulu lankhondo lingakhale njira yokhayo yothetsera chiwawa. Mu 1994 pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Rwanda, anthu pafupifupi XNUMX miliyoni anaphedwa m’chaka chimodzi pankhondo yapakati pa Atutsi ndi Ahutu. M’malingaliro anga, gulu lankhondo laling’ono kwambiri likadaloŵamo ndipo likanaletsa kupha anthu ndi zikwanje za mazana a zikwi. Purezidenti Clinton adati chisoni chake chachikulu ngati purezidenti sichiyenera kulowererapo kuti apulumutse miyoyo ku Rwanda ndipo kulephera koyipaku kudzamuvutitsa moyo wake wonse.
IM: Kodi ku Rwanda kunalibe gulu lankhondo la United Nations?
AW: Inde, panali gulu laling'ono la United Nations ku Rwanda. Ndipotu, mkulu wa asilikali a ku Canada amene ankayang’anira gulu lankhondolo anapempha bungwe la UN Security Council kuti ligwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuti lithetse kuphana kwa mafuko koma anakanidwa chilolezocho. Ali ndi nkhawa zobwera pambuyo pake ndipo anayesa kudzipha chifukwa chodandaula kuti sanapitirire kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yaying'ono ija kuyesa kuletsa kuphaku. Tsopano akuwona kuti akanayenera kupita patsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito gulu lake lankhondo laling'ono ndiyeno kuthana ndi zotulukapo zothamangitsidwa ndi UN chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo. Iye ndi wothandizira mwamphamvu wa Genocide Intervention Network.
Ndimaonabe kuti dziko likuyenda bwino pamene zinthu zosaloleka, zankhanza zochitira anthu wamba zitayimitsidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri, njira yofulumira kwambiri, yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera nkhanzazi ndi ntchito zankhondo—zochitika zomwe mwatsoka zingabweretsenso anthu ku imfa. anthu wamba.
IM: Kuyambira pamene mudasiya ntchito ku Dipatimenti ya Boma motsutsana ndi nkhondo ya Iraq, monga nzika yodalirika komanso nthawi zina yokwiya, mwakhala mukuyenda padziko lonse lapansi mukufotokoza maganizo anu monga wotsutsa ndondomeko za maboma pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones opha anthu.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kudzipereka kwa Buddhist ku Right Action, kuzindikira, ndi kudzimva kuti ali ndi udindo, zotsatira za zochita za munthu, kugwiritsa ntchito drones kumakhala kolakwa makamaka.
AW: Nkhani ya opha drones yakhala yofunika kwambiri pantchito yanga pazaka ziwiri zapitazi. Ndapita ku Pakistan, Afghanistan ndi Yemen kuyankhula ndi mabanja a omwe adazunzidwa ndi drone ndikuyankhula za nkhawa zanga pa mfundo zakunja za US. Ndikofunikira kupita kumayiko amenewo kukadziwitsa nzika za komweko kuti pali mamiliyoni aku America omwe sagwirizana kwathunthu ndi Boma la Obama pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ma drones opha anthu.
US tsopano ili ndi kuthekera kwa munthu ku Creech Air Force Base ku Nevada kukhala pampando wabwino kwambiri ndipo, pokhudza kompyuta, kupha anthu theka la dziko lapansi. Ana aang'ono akuphunzira luso lakupha kuyambira ali ndi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Masewera apakompyuta akuphunzitsa anthu kupha anthu komanso kuti asatengeke ndi zotsatira za kuphana kwakutali. Anthu omwe ali pakompyuta si anthu, masewera athu apakompyuta amati.
Lachiwiri lililonse, lomwe limadziwika ku Washington kuti "Terror Lachiwiri," Purezidenti amapeza mndandanda wa anthu, makamaka m'maiko omwe US SALI pankhondo, omwe mabungwe khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri anzeru aku United States adazindikira kuti adachitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi United States. Mayiko omwe ayenera kufera popanda ndondomeko ya chiweruzo. Purezidenti amayang'ana nkhani zazifupi zofotokoza zomwe munthu aliyense wachita kenako amalemba chizindikiro pambali pa dzina la munthu aliyense yemwe waganiza kuti aphedwe mwachisawawa.
Si George Bush, koma Barack Obama, loya wa malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, yemwe ngati Purezidenti wa United States adatenga udindo wa wozenga milandu, woweruza komanso wopha anthu, m'malingaliro mwanga. Anthu aku America, monga gulu, amaganiza kuti ndife abwino komanso owolowa manja komanso kuti timalemekeza ufulu wachibadwidwe. Ndipo komabe tikulola kuti boma lathu ligwiritse ntchito luso lopha anthu kuti liwononge anthu theka la dziko. N’chifukwa chake ndaona kuti ndiyenera kuyesetsa kuphunzitsa anthu ambiri ku United States komanso m’madera ena padziko lapansi zimene zikuchitika, chifukwa chakuti luso lamakono lamakono likuyenda m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mayiko opitilira makumi asanu ndi atatu tsopano ali ndi mtundu wina wa zida zankhondo. Ambiri a iwo alibe zida panobe. Koma ndi sitepe yotsatira yokha kuyika zida pa ma drones awo ndiyeno mwinanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito kumayiko awoawo monga momwe United States idachitira. Dziko la United States lapha nzika zinayi zaku America zomwe zinali ku Yemen.
IM: Ndiye pali blowback, momwe ukadaulo uwu, womwe umapezeka kwa aliyense, ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nafe ndi ena. Ndicho chifukwa ndi zotsatira. Kapena mungatchule kuti karma.
AW: Inde, nkhani yonse ya karma ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zandilimbikitsa. Mumakolola chomwe mwafesa. Zomwe ife a United States tikuchita padziko lapansi zikubweranso kudzativutitsa. Zimene Abuda ndinawerenga ndili ku Mongolia zinandithandizadi kuona zimenezi.
Pankhani zambiri zimene ndimakamba, limodzi la mafunso amene ndimapeza kuchokera kwa omvera ndi lakuti, “N’chifukwa chiyani zinakutengerani nthawi yaitali chonchi kuti mutuluke mu Dipatimenti ya Boma?” Ndinawononga pafupifupi ndalama zonse
moyo wanga wauchikulire kukhala mbali ya dongosolo limenelo ndikulingalira zomwe ndinachita m'boma. Sindinagwirizane ndi ndondomeko zonse za maboma asanu ndi atatu a pulezidenti omwe ndimagwira nawo ntchito ndipo ndinagwira mphuno yanga kwa ambiri. Ndinapeza njira zogwirira ntchito kumadera omwe sindimamva ngati ndikuvulaza aliyense. Koma mfundo yaikulu inali yakuti, ndinali ndidakali m’gulu la anthu amene anali kuchita zoipa kwa anthu padziko lonse. Ndipo komabe ndinalibe kulimba mtima kwa makhalidwe abwino kunena kuti, “Ndisiya chifukwa sindimagwirizana ndi zambiri mwa mfundozi.” Mukawona kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adasiyapo ntchito m'boma lathu, ndi ochepa kwambiri - atatu okha omwe adasiya ntchito pankhondo ya Iraq, ndi ena omwe adasiya ntchito chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Vietnam ndi zovuta za Balkan. Sindikadalingalira konse kuti kuŵerenga kwanga m’Buddhism, ndipo makamaka pa karma, kukanakhala ndi chisonkhezero choterocho popanga chosankha changa chosiya ntchito ndi kundichititsa kulimbikitsa mtendere ndi chilungamo padziko lapansi.
IM: Zikomo. Ndikofunika kuti anthu adziwe ulendo wanu. Anthu ambiri amabwera ku Buddhism pamene akulimbana ndi mavuto m'miyoyo yawo. Koma ziphunzitso izi zidalankhula nanu pamzere weniweni wa moyo wanu komanso zovuta zapagulu. Ndipo mudasunthidwa mopyola kuganiza mochitapo kanthu. Limenelo ndi phunziro lofunika kwambiri kwa ife.
Losindikizidwanso ndi chilolezo chochokera kwa Inquiring Mind: The Semiannual Journal of the Vipassana Community, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Spring 2014). © 2014 ndi Kufunsa Maganizo. www.inquiringmind.com.
