Limbikitsani Khoti Lalikulu la Khoti Lalikulu

(Ili ndi gawo 42 la World Beyond War pepala woyera A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo. Pitirizani ku yapitayi | zotsatirazi gawo.)

The Milandu ya International Criminal Court (ICC) ndi Khoti Lamuyaya, lopangidwa ndi mgwirizano, a "Chilamulo cha Roma," yomwe inayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 July, 2002 itatha kuvomerezedwa ndi mayiko a 60. Ponena za 2015 panganoli lasindikizidwa ndi mayiko a 122 ("States Parties"), ngakhale kuti si India ndi China. Maiko atatu adalengeza kuti sakufuna kukhala mbali ya Pangano-Israel, Sudan, ndi United States. Khoti ndiloimirira kwaulere ndipo silili mbali ya UN System ngakhale ikugwira ntchito mogwirizana. Bungwe la Security Council likhoza kutumiza milandu ku Khothi, ngakhale kuti Khotili silikuyenera kuti lifufuze. Nkhanza zake sizingowonjezereka pa milandu ya anthu, milandu ya nkhondo, kupha anthu, kuphwanya malamulo, ndi milandu yaukali monga izi zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mwa chikhalidwe cha malamulo apadziko lonse ndipo monga momwe zilili m'malamulo. Ndi Khoti la njira yotsiriza. Monga mfundo yaikulu, ICC ikhoza kukhala yoyenera pamaso pa Bungwe la State Party kuti likhale ndi mwayi woyesera milandu yokhayokha ndikuwonetsa mphamvu ndikudzipereka kwenikweni, ndiko kuti, makhoti a States Parties ayenera kukhala ogwira ntchito. Khotilo "likuphatikizira malamulo a boma" (Rome Statute, Preamble). Ngati Khoti likuganiza kuti liri ndi mphamvu, lingaliroli likhoza kutsutsidwa ndipo kufufuzidwa kulikonse kumangidwe mpaka vutoli litamveka ndipo chidziwitso chachitika. Khotilo silingagwire ntchito pa gawo lililonse la State lomwe silililemba ku Lamulo la Rome.

ICC ili ndi ziwalo zinayi: Presidency, Office of Prosecutor, Registry ndi Judiciary yomwe ili ndi oweruza khumi ndi atatu m'magawo atatu: Pre-trial, Trial, and Appeals.

Khoti lakhala likutsutsidwa mosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, akuimbidwa mlandu wotsutsana mwachinyengo ku Africa pamene ena amanyalanyazidwa. Monga cha 2012, maulendo onse asanu ndi awiri otseguka adayang'ana atsogoleri a ku Africa. Bungwe lachisanu ndi chitatu la bungwe losungira chitetezo lazako likuwoneka kuti likudalira kutsogolo kwa izi. Monga mfundo, Khotili liyenera kusonyeza tsankho. Komabe, zifukwa ziwiri zimachepetsera kutsutsa uku: 1) mitundu yambiri ya ku Africa ikupanga mgwirizano kuposa mitundu ina; 2) Khotili likutsutsa milandu yowononga milandu ku Iraq ndi Venezuela (zomwe sizinayambe kutsutsa) komanso zofufuza zisanu ndi zitatu (2014), zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi mayiko omwe si Afirika.

Chotsutsa chachiwiri ndi chofanana ndi chakuti Khoti likuwoneka kuti linagwira ntchito yachisawawa monga ndalama ndi ntchito zomwe zili zofanana ndi za European Union ndi Western States. Izi zikhoza kuthandizidwa pakufalitsa ndalama komanso kulandirira akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko ena.

Chachitatu, tawonetseratu kuti malo oyenerera oweruza ayenera kukhala apamwamba, ofuna luso m'malamulo apadziko lonse ndi chiyeso choyesa. N'zosakayikitsa kuti oweruza akhale oyenera kwambiri ndipo ali ndi chidziwitso chotere. Zingakhale zopinga zilizonse zomwe zimayesetsanso kukwaniritsa mfundo izi zofunika kuti zithetsedwe.

Chachinayi, ena amanena kuti mphamvu za Purezidenti zili zazikulu. Tiyenera kutsimikizira kuti izi zinakhazikitsidwa ndi Statute ndipo ziyenera kusintha kuti zisinthe. Makamaka, ena adatsutsa kuti Purezidenti sayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wotsutsa anthu omwe mayiko awo sakulemba; Komabe, izi zikuwoneka ngati kusamvetsetsana pamene lamulo limapereka chigamulo kwa olemba zizindikiro kapena mayiko ena omwe avomereza chitsutso ngakhale atakhala osayina.

Chachisanu, palibe pempho kukhoti lapamwamba. Zindikirani kuti chipinda cha Pre-trial cha Khoti chiyenera kuvomerezana, malinga ndi umboni, kuti chitsutso chikhoza kupangidwa, ndipo wotsutsa angapangitse zotsatira zake ku Chamber of Appeals. Nkhani yotereyi idasungidwa bwino ndi woimbidwa mlandu ku 2014 ndipo mlanduwu unagwa. Komabe, kungakhale koyenera kulingalira kulengedwa kwa khoti la khoti kunja kwa ICC.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, pali zodandaula zomveka za kusowa kwachinsinsi. Misonkhano yamilandu yambiri ndi zoyendetsera milandu ikuchitika mobisa. Ngakhale pangakhale zifukwa zomveka zowonjezera izi (kutetezedwa kwa mboni, pena paliponse), chiwerengero chapadera cha kuwonetsekera chotheka n'chofunika ndipo Khoti liyenera kuyang'ananso njira zake pankhaniyi.

Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, otsutsa ena akhala akutsutsa kuti miyezo ya ndondomeko yoyenera siyiyendera bwino kwambiri. Ngati ndi choncho, ziyenera kukonzedwa.

Chachisanu ndi chinayi, ena adatsutsa kuti Khoti lapindula pang'onopang'ono ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, atalandira chitsimikizo chimodzi chokha chokhazikika. Izi, komabe pali kutsutsana kwa ulemu kwa Khoti kuchitidwa ndi chikhalidwe chake chodziyimira. Zili bwino kuti sizinayende pa zofuna zamatsenga kwa munthu aliyense wonyansa padziko lapansi koma zasonyeza kudziletsa koyenera. Ndichiwonetsero cha vuto la kubweretsa milandu, kusonkhanitsa umboni nthawi zina pambuyo pa kupha ndi zowawa zina, makamaka mu chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana.

Potsirizira pake, kutsutsidwa koipitsitsa kumeneku kunatsutsana ndi Khoti ndi kukhalapo kwake monga bungwe lapadziko lonse. Ena samawakonda kapena amawafuna iwo, omwe amalephera kudziimira okha. Koma chomwechonso, chiri mgwirizano uliwonse, ndipo zonsezi, kuphatikizapo malamulo a Roma, adalowa mwadzidzidzi komanso pazinthu zabwino. Kuthetsa nkhondo sizingatheke ndi mayiko okhaokha. Mbiri ya zaka zikwizikwi sizinayese koma kupambana pankhaniyi. Mabungwe oweruzira milandu ndi ofunika kwambiri pa njira ina yothandizira anthu ena. Inde Khotili liyenera kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwezo zomwe zingalimbikitse anthu onse a padziko lapansi, kutanthauza, kuwonetsetsa, kuyankha, kufulumira komanso kukonzekera, ndi antchito oyenerera kwambiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa International Criminal Court kunasintha kwambiri pakukhazikitsa mtendere wamtendere.

Izi zikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ICC ndi malo atsopano, kuyesa koyambirira kwa anthu amitundu yonse kuti atsimikizire kuti ochita zoipa kwambiri padziko lonse samapewa zolakwa zawo. Ngakhale bungwe la United Nations, lomwe ndilo gawo lachiwiri lokhazikitsa chitetezo, likusinthabe ndipo likufunikira kusintha kwakukulu.

Gulu la anthu, Coalition ya International Criminal Court, ili ndi mabungwe a anthu a 2,500 m'mayiko a XNUM akulimbikitsa kuti ICC ikhale yoyenera, yogwira ntchito, yodzilamulira komanso yowonjezereka kuchitidwa chilungamo kwa ozunzidwa, kuphwanya malamulo komanso kuphwanya malamulo.^note44

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Chonde mugawane nkhaniyi!

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Onani Mndandanda wa Zamkatimu A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo

zolemba:
44. http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/undpa/main/enewsletter/pid/24129 (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)