Kahi mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūwaho PR ka mea i ʻike ʻia no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi hewaʻole i uku ʻia e miliona e ka Pentagon e hana i nā wikiō hoʻoweliweli.
Na Crofton ʻEleʻele a me Abigail Fielding-Smith, Na kela la i keia holoholona
Ua hāʻawi ka Pentagon i nā kūpeʻe UK PR hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma luna o ka hapa miliona miliona kālā e holo ai i kahi papahana hoʻolaha nui a Iraq i ka Iraq, hiki i ka Bureau of Investigative Journalism ke hōʻike.
Ua loaʻa i loko o Bell Pottinger kahi ʻāpana TV pōkole i hana ʻia i ke ʻano o nā ʻoihana nūhou Arabic a me nā wikiō insurgent hoʻopunipuni i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā ai i ka poʻe e nānā ana iā lākou, e like me ka limahana o mua i ka limahana.
Ua hana nā limahana o ka ʻoihana me ka luna o nā pūʻali koa US kiʻekiʻe i ko lākou keʻena ʻo Baghdad Camp Victory ma ke ʻano o ka huhū i waho.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka luna mua o Bell Pottinger ʻo Lord Tim Bell i ka Nā Lā Sunday, i hana pū me ka Bureau ma kēia moʻolelo, ua hana kāna paʻahana i kahi "koa" kaua kaua "i uhi ʻia e nā palapala huna."
Ua hōʻike ʻo Bell Pottinger i ka Pentagon, ka CIA, a me ka National Security Council ma luna o kāna hana ma Iraq, ʻī akula ʻo ia.
ʻO Bell, kekahi o nā luna hoʻokele lehulehu o Pelekane i kūleʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke kiʻi kanaka o Margaret Thatcher a e kōkua ana i ka ʻaha Conservative i lanakila i ʻekolu koho. Loaʻa ka ʻāpana āna i hoʻokumu ai me ka hana ʻoi o nā mea kūʻai aku me nā pūʻali repressive a ʻo Asma al-Assad, ka wahine a ka pelekikena o Suria.
I ka ninaninau mua ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi limahana ʻo Bell Pottinger e pili ana i ka hana no ka pūʻali koa US ma ʻIraka, ua haʻi aku ka luna hoʻoponopono wikiō ʻo Martin Wells i ka Bureau i kona manawa ma Camp Victory "he mea hoʻopūʻiwa, maka maka, hoʻololi i ke ola."
ʻO ka huina o ka ʻaina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mea nui ma mua o General David Petraeus - ʻo ia hoʻi ka luna o nā pūʻali koa i Iraq - a i kekahi manawa hoʻi e ka Hale Paʻi, i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
Ua hana ʻo Bell Pottinger i nā waihona ʻoniʻoni o ke Pentagon, kekahi o ia mea e hele aku ma kahi o nā hana kamaʻilio maʻamau.
Ua loaʻa i ka Pūnaewele ka hana a Iraq ma o nā pūʻali koa US e ʻae ana i nā helu helu ʻana, nā hōʻike a ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Oihana Kālepekela, a me nā palapala kūkākūkā o ka Federal Federal, a me nā filings hui pilikino a me Bell Publting ma nā hoʻolaha koa. Ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka hapalua o nā luna o mua a me nā mea hoʻohana paʻa i nā hana ʻike ma Iraq.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano o ka hana media i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma Iraq i ka manawa, i ʻōlelo ai kahi mea hana koa me ka hana ʻo Bell Pottinger ma laila.
"Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo White, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hana ma ke kāpili," i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ka mea hana. "Kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Grey, a he ʻōlelo wahaheʻe ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka mea e ʻike nei i kekahi mea, he wahi hoʻohālike kūpono i ka paehana ʻoihana ʻoihana. "
ʻO ka hana a Bell Pottinger ma Iraq kahi hana hoʻomāinoino nui nona ke kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri miliona miliona mau makahiki i ka makahiki. Hōʻike ʻia kahi palapala e unuhi ʻia e ka Biro e hoʻohana ana ka hui i kahi limahana 300 Pelekane a me Iraqi i kekahi manawa.
ʻO ke keʻena PR ma Lākana i lawe ʻia i ʻIraka ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a US. I Malaki 2004 ua hoʻolilo ʻia ia e ka hoʻokele kūwaho o ka ʻāina me ka "paipai ʻana i nā koho balota kemokalaka" - kahi "hana kiʻekiʻe" i pu ʻia ai i loko o kāna hōʻike makahiki.
Hoʻololi koke ka ʻoihana i nā hana kiʻekiʻe ma mua, akā naʻe. Ua ʻike ka ʻōpū ma nā hanana he $ 540 miliona ma waena o ka Pentagon a me Bell Pottinger no ka ʻike ʻikepili a me nā hana naʻau ma luna o nā ʻikepili i hoʻopuka ʻia mai Mei 2007 a hiki i Dekemaba 2011. Ua like me kahi aelike ma kahi like o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki hoʻokahi - $ 120 miliona — ua ikaika ʻia ma 2006, ua hōʻike ʻia mākou.
Ka nui o nā kālā no nā kumukūʻai e like me ka hoʻouka a me ka hoʻoili ʻana, ua haʻi aku ʻo Lord Bell i ka Nā Lā Sunday, akā, ua hana ʻo ka mea i ʻoi aku ai ma kahi o £ 15m i hoʻokahi makahiki i nā uku.
Ua haʻi ʻo Martin Wells, ka luna o ka limahana i ka ʻAmelika ʻaʻole ʻike o ka mea āna e komo ai i ka wā i nīnau ʻia ai ʻo ia no ka hana ʻo Bell Pottinger ma Mei 2006.
Ua hana ʻo ia me ka mea hoʻopili wikiō kūloko a loaʻa kahi kelepona mai kāna keʻena e kuhikuhi ana e hele i Ladana no kahi ninaninau no ka hana hou i kahi gig. "E hana ana ʻoe i nā mea hou e puka ana mai loko mai o ka Middle East," i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia.
"Ua manaʻo wau he mea maikaʻi loa kēlā, '" Hoʻomau a Wells. "No laila wau e hele nei a komo i loko o kēia hale, e kiʻi i ka papa ʻeono i kahi hāpai, puka mai i waho a loaʻa nā kiai o laila. Manaʻo wau e hana nei ka mea ma ka honua? A ua hoʻohuli ʻia, he leka iā i ka Navy. No laila mai nā mea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hana i ia, he hui hōʻuluʻulu ʻike media. "
Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio puʻupuʻu i nīnau ʻia ʻo Wells i kona wā e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka hana, a kahaha ʻo ka pane.
“Ua loaʻa ʻē ʻoe,” ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia. "Ua hana mua iā mākou i nā nānā loiloi iā ʻoe."
E lele aku ʻo ia ma ka Lāpule, ua haʻi ʻia ʻo Wells. Ma ke kakahiaka Poalima. Nīnau ʻo ia i kahi e hele ai ʻo ia a loaʻa kahi pane kupaianaha: Baghdad.
"No laila ua hele mau wau i nā hola 48 e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea a pau e pono ai au e noho i ka wao nahele," wahi a Wells.
I kekahi lā ma hope mai, ua hoʻokō ka mokulele ʻo Wells i kahi puʻu corkscrew e pale ai i ke ahi wela ma ka mokulele ʻo Baghdad. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e lawe ʻia i kekahi wahi ma ke Kaona Kūleʻa, kahi e lawelawe ai nā luna aupuni i Iraq. Ma hope o ua loaʻa iā ia ma Camp Victory, kahi kahua pūʻali koa.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻoihana paʻa PR Pelekane nāna i hoʻolimalima iā ia e hana ana ma ka puʻuwai o kahi hana ʻike pūʻali koa US.
Ua hoʻoneʻe nui ʻia kahi ʻāhā i ka pilakē o Iraq e hoʻomaka ana ʻo Wells i kāna ʻoihana. I ka mahina like ʻo ia i hiki aku ai he ʻelima kūmake pōmaikaʻi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, me ka hoʻoweliweli i kahi pahu kaʻa make hoʻomake i kahi kokoke i Camp Victory ka mea i make ma ka 14 mau kānaka a hōʻeha iono eono.
Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i kāna mau mana mua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Wells ua kī ʻia ʻo ia e ka pūnaehana hana like ʻole me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma mua. "He hale paʻa kēia," āna i hoʻomanaʻo ai, me nā "hōʻailona ma waho e ʻōlelo ana 'ʻAʻole e komo i loko, he wahi papahele ia, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaʻawale, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i loko."
Aia i loko o nā lumi ʻelua a ʻekolu paha paha me nā papa pākau nui i loko, wahi a Wells, me kahi ʻāpana no nā limahana ʻo Bell Pottinger a me nā ʻaoʻao no ka pūʻali koa US.
"Ua hana hewa wau i ka hele ʻana i kekahi o [nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika], a me ka mea aloha nui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e huki maoli iaʻu i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻole ʻoe i ʻae ʻia i ʻaneʻi i lalo o kekahi ʻano. Lā kona lima ma kāna pū, kahi kī maikaʻi maikaʻi ia, ”wahi a Wells.
Ua ʻike koke ʻia kāna hana ʻana i nā mea he nui aku ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nūhou nūhou.
Nā ʻano hana o ʻekolu mau huahana. ʻO ka mea mua nā hale kūʻai kelepona e hōʻike ana iā al Qaeda i kahi aniani maikaʻiʻole. ʻO ka lua he mau nūhou i manaʻo ʻia e like me ke kiʻi ʻia o ka ʻōlelo TV ʻĀpana, "wahi a Wells. E hoʻouna ʻo Bell Pottinger i nā hui i kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā wikiō haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā pōpoki o al Qaeda a laila e hoʻoponopono iā ia e like me kahi kikoʻī nūhou. E hoʻolaha ʻia hoʻi i ka ʻōlelo ʻ Arabiclelo Arabic a hoʻomāhelena ʻia i nā kikowaena TV ma nā wahi like, e like me Wells.
ʻO nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika nā mea pili i nā nūhou e hūnā ʻia i kekahi manawa. ʻO nā hōʻike ʻana ma 2005 ua kōkua ka mea kākau ʻo PR ma ka Lincoln Group i kahi ʻatikala ma ka Pentagon i nā nūpepa Iraqi, i kekahi manawa i hōʻike ʻia e like me ka nūhou ʻole ʻia, ua alakaʻi ʻia i kahi hoʻokolokolo ʻoihana keʻena ʻoihana.
ʻO ke kolu o ka papahana ʻekolu a me ke ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i wehewehe ʻia e Wells ka hana ʻana o nā kiʻi ʻupeu al Qaeda hoʻopunipuni. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka Pūnaewele pehea i hana ʻia ai nā wikiō. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo kūpono: “Pono mākou e hana i kēia ʻano wikiō a ua pono mākou e hoʻohana i ka lula o al Qaeda,” ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia. "Pono mākou e lilo i 10 mau minuke lōʻihi, pono ia i loko o kēia faila, a pono mākou e hoʻopili iā ia i kēia ʻano."
E lawe ka paʻakaiʻAmelika i nā CD ma ka patrol a waiho iā lākou i loko o nā puʻupuʻu i ka wā i kiki ai i nā palapala. ʻ saidlelo aku ʻo Wells: "Inā lākou e lele ana i kahi hale a e ʻimi nei lākou i kahi ʻenemi e ʻimi ana i nā mea, e waiho wale ana lākou i kahi CD ʻokoʻa i laila."
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā CD i mea e hoʻohana ai i Real Player, kahi palapala kūkā punaewele punahele e pili pono ana i ka pūnaewele e holo. Ua wehewehe ʻo Wells i ke ʻano o ka hui i kahi pāʻālua ma nā CD nā mea i hoʻopili ai i kahi moʻokāki Google Google, e hāʻawi ana i kahi papa inoa o nā IP IP i kahi i pāʻani ai nā CD.
ʻO ka moʻoʻōlelo i ka papa inoa o ka holo ʻana i kaupalena ʻia, e like me kā Wells: ua hele aku ka ʻikepili iā ia, he lālā kiʻekiʻe o ka hui hoʻokele ʻo Bell Pottinger, a me kekahi o nā luna koa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Wells i ko lākou ʻike naʻauao. "Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi i waenakonu o Baghdad ... ʻike ʻoe aia ka pā ma laila," wahi āna. "Inā hoʻokahi, hōʻike mau hola ʻo 48 a i hoʻokahi pule paha ma kekahi wahi o ka honua, a laila ʻo ia ka mea makemake nui ʻia, a ʻo ia ka mea lākou e ʻimi hou aku ai, no ka mea e hāʻawi aku ʻoe i ke alahele."
Huli nā CD i kekahi mau wahi hoihoi, ua hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ʻo Wells, me Iran, Suria a me ʻAmelika pū kekahi.
"Hana wau i kahi paʻi paʻi no ka lā a, inā e ʻike ʻia kekahi mea hoihoi, e hāʻawi aku i nā luna, a laila e hana ʻia lākou mai laila," wahi āna.
Ua hōʻoia ka Pentagon e hana ana ʻo Bell Pottinger no lākou he ʻikepili ma Iraq ma lalo o ka Information Operations Task Force (IOTF), e hana ana i kekahi mau mea i ʻike ʻia i nā pūʻali hui, a me kekahi mau mea ʻaʻole. 'Aʻole lākou e' ōlelo pololei i nā mea a pau a IOTF.
ʻAʻole ʻo IOTF wale nō ka hana ʻo Bell Pottinger i hana naʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Wells ua hana ʻia kekahi hana ʻo Bell Pottinger ma lalo o ke Joint Psychological Operations Task Force (JPOTF), kahi i hōʻoia ʻia ai he luna hoʻomake US.
Ua ʻōlelo ka luna, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo kikoʻī i nā hana JPOTF, me ka hoʻohui ʻana "ʻAʻole mākou e kamaʻilio i nā loiloi hōʻiliʻili ʻike no nā hana i hala a i kēia manawa."
ʻO Lord Bell, ka mea i kū ma ka luna o Bell Pottinger ma mua o kēia makahiki, i haʻi aku i ka Nā Lā Sunday ka "hoʻohemo maoli ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele e ho'ākāka ʻia e Wells", akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i maopopo.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana ʻo Bell Pottinger e ka luna o nā pūʻali koa i Iraq. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Wells: "E kiʻi mākou i nā kolone ʻelua e nānā i nā mea a mākou e hana ai i kēlā lā, maikaʻi lākou, hele lākou i General Petraeus."
ʻOi aku kekahi o nā ʻoihana e piʻi aʻe i ke koena. "Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā [Petraeus] ke kau inoa ma laila, e piʻi nō i ka lālani i ka Hale Paʻi, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i laila, a e hoʻi mai ka pane i ka laina."
Ua hele ʻo Petraeus i lilo i alakaʻi no ka CIA ma 2011 ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi mea kākau moʻolelo.
I ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ia ʻelike nunui i ka hui ʻo Pelekane i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka huhū ma waena o nā limahana kamaʻāina o ʻAmelika e hana ana no ka hana ʻo Iraq, e like me ka mea i hana ma mua o kekahi o nā hoʻokūkū ʻo Bell Pottinger.
"ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hana pehea e loaʻa ai i kahi hui Pelekane he mau haneli miliona o ke kālā kālā US ke loaʻa nā hui like US hiki ke hana," wahi a Andrew Garfield, he limahana ma mua o ka Lincoln Group i kēia manawa he ʻelemakule hoa ma ke Keʻena ʻImi Hoʻokele Kālā ʻĀina ʻē. "Ua huhū nā hui ʻAmelika."
ʻO Ian Tunnicliffe, he koa koa Pelekane mua, ʻo ia ke poʻo o ka pā ʻekolu kanaka mai ka Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) - ke aupuni kūmole i Iraq ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana o 2003-nāna i hāʻawi iā Bell Pottinger ko lākou ʻoihana 2004 e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka koho demokratika.
Wahi a Tunnicliffe, ʻo ka huina o ka huina he $ 5.8 miliona, ua hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ka CPA i ʻike i kāna hana ponoʻī i loko o ka hale e ʻike ai ka poʻe i ka pili o ke kānāwai hoʻololi ma mua o nā koho.
"Ua paʻa mākou i kahi kauoha wikiwiki akā e hoʻokūkū nei no nā ʻoihana e komo mai," wahi a Tunnicliffe.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tunnicliffe, ʻo kā Bell Potting konsortium kekahi o ʻekolu o ka ʻokaʻaka no ke kuikahi, a hoʻokomo wale ʻia i kahi manaʻo i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa kaua.
He manawa maikaʻi loa ʻo Iraq no nā polokalamu kelepona lehulehu. Ua ʻike ka ʻōpū ma waena o 2006 a me 2008 ma mua o nā ʻoihana 40 i uku ʻia no nā lawelawe e like me ka TV a me ke kau ʻana ma ka leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka wikiō, nā pāpaha hoʻolaha, nā hoʻolaha, a me nā koho balota. ʻO kēia mau hui ʻo ʻAmelika e like me Lincoln Group, Leonie Industries, a me SOS International a me nā pūnaewele pīhoihoi Irak e like me Cradle of New Civilization Media, Babylon Media, a me Iraqi Dream.
Akā ʻo nā ʻāpana nui loa i hiki ke hiki i ka Bureau ke hoʻokau i hele ai i Bell Pottinger.
Wahi a Glen Segell, i hana i ka hana ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hana ma Iraq i 2006, ua hoʻohana pū kekahi poʻe kirimana no ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka pūʻali koa i loko o ka hale, a ʻo kekahi hapa nō ka mea e hana ana i kahi "wahi hina".
Ma kāna ʻatikala 2011 "Ka Hoʻonoho Kūlana Covert ma Iraq," ʻ Seglelo ʻo Segell e pale aku nei ke aupuni US i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propaganda ma ka lehulehu o nā kānaka o ka US i loko o kahi puʻuwai honua, ua ʻike ʻia ka hana o Iraq ma ka home, no laila ʻo ia ka " He kānāwai akamai i ka ʻoihana no ka lawe ʻole ʻana i nā hana a pau, ”i kākau ai ʻo Segell.
Ke mālama nei ʻo Segell i kahi mau hana ʻikepili i hana i ka ʻokoʻa i ka honua ma Iraq. Ua nīnau kekahi poʻe loea i kēia.
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo kahi ʻo 2015 e ka Rand Corporation, he pūʻali noʻonoʻo kaua, i ka "hoʻomāhuahua ʻana i nā loiloi o nā mākaʻikaʻi e hōʻike, hoʻomālamalama, a me ko ke kūleʻa i ka hakakā ʻana ma o ke aupuni a me DoD."
Ua kū nā hana a Bell Pottinger no ke aupuni US ma 2011 i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika mai ʻIraka.
Ua hoʻololi ʻo Bell Pottinger i ka mana ma hope o ka mana hoʻokele hoʻokele ma 2012 a me kānaʻaʻohe mea e pili ai i nā papa hana i kēia manawa me ka hui ʻo Wells i hana, i pani ia ma 2011. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā poʻomanaʻo nui i pili ma ia kikowaena hōʻole i ka komo ʻana me ka ukana polokalamu e like me ka mea e wehewehe ʻia e Wells.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Wells iā Iraq ma hope o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua lawa ke kaumaha o ka hana ma kahi kahua kaua a i ka nānā ʻana i nā wikiō kiʻiʻino o nā lā ma kēlā lā.
Ke nānā nei i kona manawa e hana ana i propaganda no ka pūʻali koa US, ua maikaʻi ʻo Wells. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hana ʻo Bell Pottinger ma Iraq e hōʻike i ka naʻaupō kolohe ʻole o Al Qaeda, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia - ʻo ka lehulehu i kēlā manawa i manaʻo ʻia e hana maikaʻi ʻia. "Akā ma ia wahi, i kekahi wahi o kaʻu manaʻo ua noʻonoʻo wau inā paha ka mea kūpono paha e hana ʻia," wahi āna.
Ua haʻi aku ka Haku Bell i ka Nā Lā Sunday "haʻaheo" ʻo ia i ka hana a Bell Pottinger ma Iraq. "Ua nui mākou i mea e kōkua i ka hoʻonā ʻana i ke kūlana," ʻ helelo ʻo ia. "ʻAʻole lawa. ʻAʻole mākou i hooki i ka haunaele i puka mai, akā he mea ia o ka mīkini hoʻomohala ʻAmelika. "
Inā paha i hoʻokō ʻia ka waiwai i kāna mau pahuhopu, ʻaʻohe kanaka maoli e ʻike, wahi a Wells. "ʻO wau ke manaʻo ʻoe inā ke nānā ʻoe i ke kūlana i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike. Akā ma ka manawa, ʻo wai ka mea e ʻike, inā mālama ʻo ia i ke ola hoʻokahi mea maikaʻi e hana.
