Na Terry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War - ʻApelika Hema, ʻApelila 22, 2021
Ua hala aku ma mua o ʻelua a me ka hapa makahiki mai ka pahū ʻana o ka hale ma Rheinmetall Denel Munitions (RDM) ma Macassar i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 2018 i make he ʻewalu mau limahana. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi hoʻolaha o ka ʻOihana Hana e mālama ʻia kahi nīnau lehulehu i ka Macassar Old Civic Hall, Brug Street ma ka Pōʻakahi 3 Mei a hiki i ka Pōʻalima 7 Mei mai 09:00 a 16:00. No ka ʻike hou aku, e kāhea iā MNDyulete 082-788-2147 a i ʻole ka leka uila: Mphumzi.dyulete@labour.gov.za
Ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo a ka Labor Labor i Iune 2019, a ua waiho ʻia a laila i ka luna aupuni no ka hoʻoholo inā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo RDM.[I] ʻOiai ʻo ke Kuhina Nui o ka Western Cape i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i kēlā hōʻike, a ʻaʻole nō i hoʻokolokolo ʻia no ka make ʻana o kēlā mau limahana ʻewalu.
E kūlike ka nīnau me nā hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo ma 5 Mei e ka German Bundestag ma Berlin me ka United Nations. E komo pū kēlā mau hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo i ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻoihana Kelemania e like me Rheinmetall i kā lākou hana i nā ʻāina e like me ʻApelika Hema e pale aku ai i nā rula o ka lawe aku ʻana i nā mea kaua Kelemania.[Ii]
ʻO ka hōʻike ma ka ʻaoʻao 96 i hōʻike ʻia i kahi mau mea huna i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Malaki a kapa ʻia ʻo “Profiting from Misery: South Africa's Complicit in War Crime in Yemen” kahi palapala hoʻopiʻi weliweli ia no nā hana hou ʻana a ka National Conventional Arms Control Committee e hoʻokō i nā kuleana o ka NCAC Act. Kuhi ʻia kēia kānāwai ʻaʻole e lawe aku ʻo ʻApelika Hema i nā mea kaua i nā ʻāina e hōʻino ana i nā pono kanaka a me / a i ʻole nā wahi i hakakā.[Iii]
Ma waho o kāna mea hoʻolilo lako kaua i Saudi Arabia a me United Arab Emirates, RDM i ka makahiki 2016 i hoʻolālā a hoʻonohonoho i kahi hale hana lako $ 240 miliona ma Saudi Arabia.[Iv] Ua lanakila ʻo RDM ma luna o Pelekikena mua Zuma e wehe i kēlā hale hana me ke Kamāliʻi Aliʻi ʻo Mohammed bin Salman, hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka pahū ʻana ma RDM, ua komo i loko o ka pepehi kanaka weliweli o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Saudi ʻo Jamal Khashoggi.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha loa ʻana o ka NCACC i nā mea kaua o ʻApelika Hema i ka Hikina Waena, ua kūkā ʻo RDM i kahi ʻaelike hoʻolilo nui i Turkey. Pāpā ʻo Kelemania i nā mea kaua i lawe aku i Turkey no ka hana ʻino kanaka i ka lehulehu Kurdish o Turkey, Suria, Iraq a me Iran. I ʻApelila / Mei 2020, a me ke kue ʻole i nā kapu ʻo Covid ma nā mokulele, ua pae i ka mokulele mokulele ʻo Cape A400M heʻeono mokulele ma Cape Airport e hoʻouka i nā munitions RDM.[V] Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻouka kaua Turkish ma Libya i ʻekolu mau pule ma hope.
ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa inā ua hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau lako RDM e Turkey e kūʻē i nā lehulehu kīwila Kurdish ma Suria a me ʻIraka, a inā ua hāʻawi ʻo Turkey iā lākou i Azerbaijan no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaua o ka makahiki i hala ma waena o Armenia a me Azerbaijan. ʻO ka luna mua o ka NCACC, ke Kuhina Nui ʻo Jackson Mthembu i hōʻike ʻia e mālama ʻia kahi nīnau. ʻAʻohe mea i hala i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope.
ʻAʻole i emi ma mua o ka Central Intelligence Agency (the CIA) i koho ʻia he 40 a 45 mau pākēneka o ka palaho āpau e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ke kālepa lima. ʻO ka palaho e hele aku nei i luna a i luna i waena o nā mea kālai'āina a puni ka honua, ʻoiai e pili pū ana me ka ʻohana aliʻi Pelekane. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka uahi paka o ka "pale aupuni" ke hōʻike ʻia ia ʻano palaho. Ma ke ʻano he laʻana: ua hoʻopau ke kuhina nui Pelekane ʻo Tony Blair ma 2006 i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka British Serious Fraud Office i nā uku kīpē i uku ʻia e ka hui lima o Beritania, BAE e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻaelike hoʻolilo mea kaua me Saudi Arabia, ʻApelika Hema a me ʻeono mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e ʻōlelo wahaheʻe nei ʻo ka SFO ua hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka uku kīpē i ka palekana aupuni aupuni Pelekane.
Ua hoʻokau ka UN Security Council i Nowemapa 1977 i kahi embargo mea kaua e kūʻē iā apartheid ʻApelika Hema.[VI] ʻO Rheinmetall i ka makahiki 1979 ua lana aku kēlā embargo a me nā lula Kelemania i nā mea hoʻolilo e ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi hale hana lako kaua i ʻApelika Hema, ma o Brazil.[VII] Ma hope o ka 1979 Iranian Revolution, ua hoʻokau hewa nā luna hoʻomalu o Reagan i kahi kaua ʻewalu makahiki ma waena o ʻIraka a me ʻIraka. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻopau iā Iran a me ʻIraka. Ke ʻeha mau nei ka honua i nā hopena ma mua o 40 mau makahiki ma hope mai, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke aupuni Trump a me nā hana a ʻIseraʻela e luku i ka ʻaelike JCPOA me ʻIrani e pili ana i nā mea kaua nukelea. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo iki ʻia i loko o ka US a me ʻEulopa paha e pili ana i nā mea kaua nukleani Israel i hoʻomohala ʻia me ka apartheid ʻApelika Hema i nā 1980.[viii]
ʻO kēlā hale hana ʻo Rheinmetall ma waho o Potchefstroom i hoʻolako ʻia i nā pūpū 155mm no nā pū kī 200 G5 a Armscor i lawe aku ai i ʻIraka. Ma ke ʻano, ua kōkua ʻia kēlā ʻaelike e Robert Gates i lilo i 1991 i Luna Hoʻokele no ka CIA a ma hope, i ka makahiki 2006, ke Kuhina Nui o ka Puʻukaua US. ʻO ke kālepa ʻana o nā mea kaua (me ka ʻenehana missile) i ka wā o ka 1980 ma waena o ʻApelika Hema a me ʻIraka he $ 4.5 biliona, a ua uku ʻia me ka aila Iraqi.
Pēlā nō, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 mau hui Kelemania i alakaʻi ʻia e Rheinmetall, Thyssen, Siemens, MBB a me Ferrostaal i kūkulu i kahi nui o nā lako kaua i ʻIraka. Ua komo kēia mau pono i ka ʻenehana no nā hana kinoea Samarra i hoʻohana ʻia e Saddam Hussein e ʻāpana i 5 000 Kurdish Iraqis i koho ʻia ma Malaki 1988.[IX]
Ua komo ikaika ʻo Apartheid South Africa i ka hōʻino Iran-Contra, me nā kālā a me nā mea kaua. I ka hoʻihoʻi, ua hoʻolako kahi hui CIA mua, International Signal and Control (ISC) a me Israel i ʻApelika Hema me ka ʻenehana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka polokalamu missile ballistic o Armscor, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke hāʻawi i nā poʻo kaua nukelea a me nā satellite ākea. Ua lilo ʻo ʻApelika Hema i hoʻokahi o nā kahawai e hoʻoili i ʻenehana missile ʻAmelika i ʻIraka no ka hoʻohana kūʻē iā ʻIraka.
ʻO Armscor's Somchem (ʻo RDM i kēia manawa mai 2008) a me Houwteq ma Grabouw a me kahi pae hoʻokolohua Hangklip a Somchem ma Rooi Els nā kikowaena nui no ka papahana missile o ʻApelika Hema, a na ʻAmelika i pani ma hope o 1991.[x] ʻO ka hōʻino a ka ʻīpuka ʻIraka ma Wakinekona i hōʻike ʻia pehea ka CIA, ka ʻoihana kaua a me nā panakō i hoʻokuʻu ai i nā moʻo nui ma ʻIraka, ʻApelika Hema, Kelemania a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he nui.[xi]
ʻO ka nīnau i Macassar pono e wehe hou i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana no ka hāʻule ʻana o ka SAA Helderberg i Nowemapa 1987 i make ai nā mea holo a pau he 159. ʻO ia hāʻule ʻana kekahi o nā mea pohihihi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia o ke au apartheid. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke Komikina noi o Margo 1988 ma ke ʻano he "keʻokeʻo." ʻO nā hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ke kuʻikahi (TRC) i ka makahiki 1998 he mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole ia, akā ua paipai ʻia e hoʻokolokolo hou. Nā moʻolelo TRC hōʻike:
"Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hana ammonium perchlorate (APC) ma ʻApelika Hema i nā makahiki 1970 ma Somchem. Ma kahi o ka manawa o ka hāʻule Helderberg, ua pili ʻo ʻApelika Hema i nā hana pūʻali koa ma Angola, Namibia a ma ka home. ʻO ke koi hana no nā wahie paʻa paʻa paʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole mālama ʻo Somchem i ka koi. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e pāpālua i ka hiki. Hoʻopili kēia i ka pani ʻana i ka mea kanu no ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻonui.
Ma muli o ke koi mau, ʻaʻole hiki i ka waihona APC ma mua o ka pau ʻana. ʻIke maopopo i ka nui o ka APC e pono e lawe ʻia ma waho o ka ʻāina no kekahi mau mahina i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi koa. He paʻakikī a pipiʻi kēia, a ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei wau i ka wā mua i kiʻi ʻia ka APC pono mai ʻAmelika a lawe ʻia mai ia ma nā mokulele mokulele SAA ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻopunipuni kūpono. "[xii]
He mea hoʻohui ʻo APC i ka wahie pōhaku, a wela nui ʻia. Ma laila wale nō ʻelua mau mea hana APC i ka US i nā 1980, aia lāua ma Nevada. ʻElima mau mahina ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o Helderberg, ua puhi ʻia ka mea kanu PEPCON ma ka ʻaoʻao o Las Vegas. Ua hana ia ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e NASA ma ke ʻano he pahū nui ʻole nukila i ka moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.[xiii] ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hopena olakino o ka APC hoʻohaumia i nā lako wai. Ke hana ʻia nei ʻo APC ma RDM? Inā pēlā he aha nā palekana a me nā pilikia o ka nohona no ka kaiāulu Macassar? Ua hoʻokumu lōʻihi ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i nā hale hana lako kaua i nā wahi noho.
Ua hoʻolako ʻo US iā APC ma Taiwan no ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka lawe ʻana i Cape Town ma luna o kahi mokulele mokulele SAA? Inā pēlā, he mea kūʻē ia i ka embargo o nā mea kaua o ka UN, ke kānāwai Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (kahi a Reagan i hoʻokoe ai akā i kāhea ʻia e ka Senate o US), a me nā rula o nā mokulele honua. Ua kanu ʻia ka hewa Iraq Gate ma Wakinekona ma 1986 e nā Repubalika a ma 1993 hou e nā Democrats.[xiv] Ua kākau maikaʻi ʻia ʻo nā kūkākūkā ʻana ma waena o ka Pelekikena Pelekikena Gore a me Hope Pelekikena Mbeki e pili ana iā ISC, Armscor, Denel, Fuchs a me nā moemoeā missile o ʻApelika Hema me nā pilikia.[xv]
Ua ʻae ʻo Gore lāua ʻo Mbeki ma 1997 i kahi "gagging order" e pili ana i ka Helderberg? A ʻo ia ke kumu i hōʻike wahaheʻe ai ka ʻOihana ʻoihana lawe i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻike hou, a pani ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o Helderberg?
ʻO kahi kope i hoʻonui ʻia o ka lepe leo leo pailaka, i hōʻoia ʻia ma US ma 2000 e ka FBI, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi lālā o ka luina e nīnau nei: "he aha kā mākou e lawe nei?" ʻO kekahi leo ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia no ka pailaka, pane ʻo Kāpena Uys: "Manaʻo wau he wahie pōhaku ia".[xvi]
I kēia manawa ma mua o 33 mau makahiki mai ka hāʻule ʻana, ua hala ka manawa o nā ʻohana o nā ohua a me nā luina i make i ka pani ʻana i ka mea i hana ʻia i kā lākou mea aloha, a no ka Helderberg e hoʻokolokolo hou ai.
[I] ʻO Marvin Charles, "Probe i loko o #Denel Explosion i waiho i nā mea make ʻewalu ua pau," Cape Argus, 25 Iune 2019.
[Ii] ʻO Rheinmetall Defense - Markets and Development Strategy, 2016 ʻaoʻao 22.
[Iii] ʻO Suraya Dadoo, "ʻO kā ʻAmelika Hema ʻoihana mea kūʻai aku i lawaiʻa ʻia e ke koko o nā lehulehu Yemeni," Sunday Times, 21 Malaki 2021
[Iv] "Ua wehe ʻo Saudi Arabia i nā hale hana munitions i kūkulu ʻia e Rheinmetall Denel Munitions," Defenceweb, 4 ʻApelila 2016.
[V] Carien du Plessis "E mau ana nā nīnau e like me ʻApelika Hema e ʻae ai i ke kūʻai aku i nā Munitions i Turkey," Daily Maverick, 5 Mei 2020.
[VI] Hoʻoholo a ka UN Security Council 418, 4 Nowemapa 1977
[VII] Narnia Bohler-Muller, "Reparations for Apartheid-Era Human Rights Abuses: The Onging Struggle of Khulumani Support Group Human Science Research Group, Kepakemapa 2012.
[viii] ʻO Sasha Polakow-Suransky, The Unspoken Alliance: ʻO kā Israel pilina malū me Apartheid ʻApelika Hema, Nā Puke Pantheon, 2010.
[IX] ʻO Kenneth Timmerman, ʻO ka Lobby o ka make: Pehea ka Iraq me ke komohana, nā puke ʻo Bantam, 1992
[x] "ʻO Autopsy Nuclear Autopsy o ʻApelika Hema," ʻO ka papahana Wisconsin no ka Nuclear Arms Control, 1 Ianuali 1996
[xi] ʻO Alan Friedman, Punawelewele o Spider: Ka Moolelo Malu o ka Pehea ka Puali Koa Ole o ka White House i Iraq, Nā puke Bantam, 1993
[xii] Hōʻike TRC, volume 2, 1998.
[xiii] "Mai nā Rockets a hiki i nā ʻōpala: ʻO ka PEPCON Ammonium Perchlorate Plant Explosion," National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Volume 6, Helu 9, Nowemapa 2012.
[xiv] ʻO Kenneth Timmerman, "He aha ka mea i kū i ka ʻīpuka o ʻIraka?" ʻO ka mākaʻi ʻAmelika 1 Nowemapa 1996.
[xv] ʻO MS Van Wyk, ʻO ka 1977 US Arms Embargo e kūʻē iā ʻApelika Hema: kahi hoʻokumu a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i 1997, Mokuna 7, "The Clinton Administration and the end of the Arms Embargo, 1993-1998", PhD dissertation Kulanui o Pretoria, 2005.
[xvi] Ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi leka mai Neels van Wyk iā Advocate John Welch, Luna: Unit Investigative Special, Keʻena o ka National Prosecutor, Pretoria, 5 Iulai 2001.
