By Vijay Prashad, Tricontinental, Mayu 9, 2022
Dear abokai,
Gaisuwa daga tebur na Tricontinental: Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa.
An fitar da wasu muhimman rahotanni guda biyu a watan da ya gabata, ba tare da samun irin kulawar da ya kamata ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Gwamnati kan Ƙungiyar Aiki na Canjin Yanayi III Rahoton An buga, yana mai da martani mai karfi daga Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres. Rahoton, ya ya ce, 'wani irin alqawuran karya ne. Fayil ɗin abin kunya ne, yana ƙididdige alkawuran da ba komai waɗanda suka sa mu dage kan hanya zuwa duniyar da ba za ta iya rayuwa ba'. A COP26, kasashen da suka ci gaba yi alkawarin don kashe kusan dala biliyan 100 don asusun daidaitawa don taimakawa ƙasashe masu tasowa su dace da canjin yanayi. A halin yanzu, a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Stockholm (SIPRI) ta fitar da shekara-shekara Rahoton, inda aka gano cewa kashe kudaden da sojojin duniya ke kashewa ya zarce dala tiriliyan 2 a shekarar 2021, wanda shi ne karon farko da ya zarce dala tiriliyan biyu. Manyan kasashe biyar da suka fi kashe kudi – Amurka, China, Indiya, Birtaniya, da Rasha – sun kai kashi 2 na wannan adadin; Amurka, ita kanta, tana da kashi 62 cikin 40 na adadin kudin da ake kashewa na makamai.
Akwai kuɗi marar iyaka don makamai amma ƙasa da kuɗi don kawar da bala'in duniya.
Wannan kalmar 'bala'i' ba ƙari ba ce. Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Guterres ya yi gargadin cewa "muna kan hanya mai sauri don fuskantar bala'in yanayi… Lokaci ya yi da za mu daina kona duniyarmu". Waɗannan kalmomi sun dogara ne akan gaskiyar da ke ƙunshe a cikin rahoton Rukunin Aiki III. Yanzu ya tabbata a cikin bayanan kimiyance cewa alhakin tarihi na barnar da aka yi wa muhallinmu da yanayinmu ya rataya ne a kan kasashe mafiya karfi, karkashin jagorancin Amurka. Akwai 'yan muhawara game da wannan alhakin a cikin nisa mai nisa, sakamakon rashin tausayin yaki da yanayi da dakarun jari-hujja da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi.
Amma wannan nauyi kuma ya kai ga zamanin da muke ciki. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, sabon binciken ya kasance wallafa in Lafiya ta Duniya Lancet yana nuna cewa daga 1970 zuwa 2017 'kasashe masu tasowa suna da alhakin kashi 74 cikin 27 na yawan amfani da kayan duniya, wanda Amurka (kashi 28) da EU-25 masu samun kudin shiga (15%) ke jagoranta'. Abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri a cikin ƙasashen Arewacin Atlantika ya faru ne saboda amfani da albarkatun abiotic (kayan mai, karafa, da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe). Kasar Sin ce ke da alhakin kashi 8 cikin XNUMX na yawan amfani da kayan da ake amfani da su a duniya, yayin da sauran kasashen kudancin duniya ke da alhakin kashi XNUMX kawai. Yin amfani da wuce gona da iri a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe masu karamin karfi ana yin sa ne ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun biotic (biomass). Wannan bambance-bambance tsakanin albarkatun abiotic da biotic yana nuna mana cewa yawan albarkatun da ake amfani da su daga Kudancin Duniya ana sabunta su da yawa, yayin da na jihohin Arewacin Atlantika ba shi da sabuntawa.
Kamata ya yi irin wannan shiga tsakani ya kasance a shafukan farko na jaridun duniya, musamman a Kudancin Duniya, kuma sakamakon bincikensa ya yi ta muhawara sosai a gidajen talabijin. Amma da kyar aka yi la'akari da shi. Ya tabbatar da tsayuwar daka cewa kasashen da ke da karfin samun kudin shiga na Arewacin Atlantika suna lalata duniya, suna bukatar su canza hanyoyinsu, kuma suna bukatar su biya cikin kudade daban-daban na daidaitawa da rage kudaden don taimakawa kasashen da ba su haifar da matsala ba amma hakan. suna fama da tasirin sa.
Bayan gabatar da bayanan, malaman da suka rubuta wannan takarda sun lura cewa 'kasashe masu tasowa suna da alhakin rushewar muhallin duniya, don haka suna bin sauran duniya bashin muhalli. Wadannan al'ummomi na bukatar su jagoranci yin ragi sosai wajen amfani da albarkatunsu don gujewa kara lalacewa, wanda zai iya bukatar hanyoyin kawo sauyi bayan ci gaba da raguwa'. Waɗannan tunani ne masu ban sha'awa: 'raguwar ragi a cikin amfani da albarkatu' sannan 'hanyoyin ci gaba da haɓakawa'.
Jihohin Arewacin Atlantic - karkashin jagorancin Amurka - sune mafi yawan masu kashe dukiyar al'umma akan makamai. Pentagon - sojojin Amurka - 'ya kasance mafi yawan masu amfani da mai', ya ce nazarin Jami'ar Brown, 'kuma sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da iskar gas a duniya'. Don samun Amurka da kawayenta su rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Kyoto a 1997, kasashe mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya dole ne su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Kyoto. damar hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da sojoji za su kebe daga rahoton kasa kan hayaki.
Za a iya bayyana rashin mutuncin waɗannan al'amura a sarari ta hanyar kwatanta ƙimar kuɗi biyu. Na farko, a cikin 2019, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ƙidaya cewa gibin kudade na shekara-shekara don cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDGs) ya kai dala tiriliyan 2.5. Karɓar dala tiriliyan 2 a duk shekara na kashe kuɗin soji na duniya ga SDGs zai yi nisa wajen tunkarar manyan hare-hare kan mutuncin ɗan adam: yunwa, jahilci, rashin matsuguni, rashin kula da lafiya, da sauransu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura a nan, cewa adadin dala tiriliyan 2 daga SIPRI bai haɗa da asarar rayuwar rayuwar jama'a da aka ba wa masu kera makamai masu zaman kansu don tsarin makamai ba. Misali, ana hasashen tsarin makamai na Lockheed Martin F-35 kudin kusan dala tiriliyan 2.
A cikin 2021, duniya ta kashe sama da dala tiriliyan 2 akan yaƙi, amma kawai sanya hannun jari - kuma wannan ƙididdiga ce mai karimci - dala biliyan 750 a cikin makamashi mai tsabta da ingantaccen makamashi. Jimlar zuba jari A cikin kayayyakin samar da makamashi a shekarar 2021 ya kai dala tiriliyan 1.9, amma mafi yawan jarin ya tafi ga burbushin mai (man fetur, iskar gas, da kwal). Don haka, ana ci gaba da saka hannun jari a albarkatun mai da kuma saka hannun jari a cikin makamai, yayin da saka hannun jari don canzawa zuwa sabbin nau'ikan makamashi mai tsabta bai isa ba.
A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, Shugaban Amurka Joe Biden tambaye Majalisar dokokin Amurka za ta samar da dala biliyan 33 don tsarin makaman da za a aika zuwa Ukraine. Kiran wadannan kudade ya zo ne tare da kalamai masu tayar da hankali da sakataren tsaron Amurka Lloyd Austin ya yi, wanda ya yi ya ce cewa Amurka ba tana kokarin kawar da sojojin Rasha daga Ukraine ba amma don 'ga Rasha ta raunana'. Kalaman Austin bai kamata ya zo da mamaki ba. Yana kwatanta US siyasa tun 2018, wanda ya kasance don hana China da Rasha daga zama 'masu kishiyoyin juna'. Haƙƙin ɗan adam ba abin damuwa bane; mayar da hankali shine hana duk wani kalubale ga mulkin Amurka. Don haka, ana barnatar da dukiyar al’umma akan makamai ba a yi amfani da su wajen magance matsalolin da ke tattare da bil’adama ba.
Yi la'akari da yadda Amurka ta mayar da martani ga wani da yawa tsakanin tsibirin Solomon da kasar Sin, makwabta biyu. Firayim Ministan tsibirin Solomon Manasseh Sogavare ya ce cewa wannan yarjejeniya ta nemi inganta kasuwanci da haɗin gwiwar jin kai, ba aikin soja na Tekun Pacific ba. A wannan rana ta jawabin firaminista Sogavare, wata babbar tawagar Amurka ta isa Honiara babban birnin kasar. Su ya gaya Firayim Minista Sogavare ya ce, idan Sinawa suka kafa kowane nau'i na 'kaka na soja', Amurka za ta "damu da damuwa sosai kuma ta mayar da martani daidai". Waɗannan barazana ce a sarari. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, kakakin ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar Sin Wang Wenbin ya ce, 'Ƙasashen tsibiri a Kudancin Pacific suna da 'yancin kai kuma ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu, ba bayan gida na Amurka ko Ostiraliya ba. Yunkurinsu na farfado da koyarwar Monroe a yankin Kudancin Pacific ba zai sami tallafi ba kuma zai kai ga babu inda'.
Tsibirin Solomon yana da dogon tarihin tarihin mulkin mallaka na Ostireliya da Birtaniya da kuma tabo na gwajin bam na zarra. Al'adar 'blackbirding' ta sace dubban 'yan tsibirin Solomon don yin aikin rake a Queensland, Australia a karni na 19, wanda ya kai ga Tawayen Kwaio na 1927 a Malaita. Tsibirin Solomon ya yi yaƙi sosai da zama soja, zabe a cikin 2016 tare da duniya don hana makaman nukiliya. Sha'awar zama 'gidan bayan gida' na Amurka ko Ostiraliya ba ya nan. Hakan ya bayyana a fili a cikin waƙa mai haske 'alamomin zaman lafiya' (1974) na marubuciyar tsibirin Solomon Celestine Kulagoe:
Naman kaza ya fito daga
wani m pacific atoll
Ya wargaje cikin sararin samaniya
Barin ragowar ƙarfi kawai
wanda ga abin mamaki
zaman lafiya da tsaro
mutum ya jingina.
Cikin sanyin safiya
kwana na uku bayan
soyayya ta sami farin ciki
a cikin kabari mara komai
giciye na katako na wulakanci
ya zama alama
na hidimar soyayya
zaman lafiya.
Cikin zafin rana
Tutar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana kadawa
boye daga gani ta
tutoci na kasa
karkashin abin da
Zauna maza da dunƙule dunƙule
sanya hannu a zaman lafiya
yarjejeniyoyi.
Warmly,
Vijay
