By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Maris 22, 2022
Na fara sani kuma na karanta littafin 2020 na Ned Dobos, Da'a, Tsaro, da Injin Yaki: Gaskiyar Kudin Soja. Yana yin kyakkyawan shari'a mai ƙarfi don kawar da sojoji, ko da yayin da aka kammala cewa maiyuwa ne ko kuma a'a, ya kamata a ɗauki al'amarin bisa ga shari'a.
Dobos ya ajiye tambayar ko za a iya tabbatar da duk wani yaki, yana mai cewa a maimakon haka, “a iya samun wasu lokuta da tsadar rayuwa da kasadar da rundunar soja ke haifarwa sun yi yawa ta yadda ba za a iya tabbatar da wanzuwar sa ba, kuma ko da muna tunanin wasu ne. yaƙe-yaƙe sun zama dole kuma sun yi daidai da buƙatun ɗabi'a.
Don haka wannan ba hujja ba ce ta tayar da sojoji da yaƙi, amma (wataƙila) a kan ci gaba da kasancewa na dindindin na soja. Tabbas lamarin da muka saba yi a koyaushe World BEYOND War shi ne cewa babu wani yaki da za a taba samun barata, a kai shi kadai, amma idan zai iya zama dole ne ya yi kyau fiye da cutarwa fiye da girman barnar da aka yi ta hanyar ci gaba da aikin soja da kuma aikata ta hanyar duk yakin zalunci na gaskiya wanda aka sauƙaƙe ko kuma ya aikata shi. halitta ta hanyar kula da soja.
Al’amarin da Dobos ya yi ya yi karo da na wancan World BEYOND War ya kasance koyaushe. Dobos ya dan dubi yadda ake hada-hadar kudi, ya kuma yi bayani kan illar da’a ga masu daukar ma’aikata da kyau, ya tattauna yadda sojoji ke yin hadari maimakon karewa, ya yi bincike mai zurfi game da lalata da kuma ta’addanci na al’adu da al’umma da suka hada da ‘yan sanda da kuma azuzuwan tarihi, kuma ba shakka. ya tabo matsalar duk yaƙe-yaƙe na rashin adalci da sojoji ke yi waɗanda aƙidar ta tabbata cewa yaƙin adalci yana iya yiwuwa wata rana.
Babban muhawara zuwa World BEYOND WarAl'amarin da ya bace daga Dobos' ya hada da lalacewar muhalli da sojoji ke yi, tauye 'yancin jama'a, tabbatar da sirrin gwamnati, da rura wutar son zuciya, da haifar da hadarin da ke tattare da makaman nukiliya.
Abu daya da Dobos ke kallo, wanda ni a tunaninmu muke a kai World BEYOND War ba a duba sosai ba, shine yadda ci gaba da aikin soji ke kara hadarin juyin mulki. Wannan ba shakka wani dalili ne na kawar da Costa Rica daga sojojinta. A cewar Dobos hakan kuma wani dalili ne na gama-gari na rarraba sojoji zuwa rassa da dama. (Ina tsammanin hakan ya samo asali ne daga al'ada ko kuma babban ra'ayi na rashin iya aiki da rashin iya aiki.) Dobos ya kuma nuna dalilai daban-daban da ya sa ƙwararrun soja, marasa aikin sa kai na iya zama babban haɗari ga juyin mulki. Zan kara da cewa sojojin da ke taimakawa da yawa juyin mulki a kasashen waje na iya haifar da babban hadarin juyin mulki a cikin gida. Yana da ban sha'awa, dangane da wannan tattaunawa, cewa kawai abin da akasarin masu yin Allah wadai da tsohon shugaban Amurka Trump ya so ko kuma har yanzu yana son juyin mulki shi ne babban matakin soji a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, ba kasa ba.
Ko da inda shari'ar Dobos ta mamaye gabaɗaya tare da wasu sanannun gardama, an ɗora ta da cikakkun bayanai da ya kamata a yi la'akari. Misali:
“A nan gaba kadan… ana iya samun ƙarin hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su na ɓata lokaci ta hanyar yin amfani da sinadarai waɗanda ke ba da kariya ga sojoji daga halin ɗabi'a da damuwa na yaƙin yaƙi. Propranolol, alal misali, an gwada beta-blocker don amfani da shi wajen magance matsalolin tunani da ake fama da fama da su kamar cuta ta tashin hankali (PTSD). Magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana aiki ta hanyar gurgunta motsin rai; a ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa mutumin da aka fallasa ga wani lamari mai tayar da hankali yana tunawa da cikakkun bayanai na wannan taron, amma ba ya samun wani motsin rai game da shi. … Barry Romo, wani jami'in gudanarwa na kasa na Vietnam Veterans Against War, ya kira ta 'kwayar shaidan', 'kwayar dodo', da 'kwayar hana ɗabi'a'."
Lokacin da yake tattaunawa game da abin da horar da sojoji ke yi wa masu horarwa, Dobos ya yi watsi da yiwuwar horarwa da yanayin tashin hankali na iya haifar da tashin hankali bayan sojoji, ciki har da cin zarafin mutanen da ake ganin suna da mahimmanci: "A bayyane yake, babu wani daga cikin wannan da ake nufi don nuna cewa. wadanda ke fama da yanayin soji na haifar da hadari ga farar hula da suke cikin su. Ko da horon yaƙi ya hana su tashin hankali, ana kuma koya wa sojoji mutunta hukuma, bin ƙa’idodi, kame kai, da sauransu.” Amma gaskiyar cewa masu harbin jama'a na Amurka ba daidai ba ne tsoffin sojoji suna da damuwa.
Ned Dobos yana koyarwa a Makarantar Sojoji ta Ostiraliya [wanda ake kira] Defence Force Academy. Ya rubuta sosai a hankali kuma a hankali, amma kuma tare da girmamawa mara kyau ga irin wannan maganar banza:
"Misalin baya-bayan nan na yakin rigakafin shi ne mamayewar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraki a shekara ta 2003. Ko da yake babu wani dalili da za a yi imani da cewa Saddam Hussein yana shirin kai hari kan Amurka ko kawayenta, da fatan zai yi wata rana. ko kuma ya ba da WMDs ga 'yan ta'adda da za su kai irin wannan harin, ya haifar da 'harka mai karfi' don 'aiki na jira don kare kanmu' a cewar George W. Bush."
Ko kuma irin wannan:
"Ka'idar Yaƙi ta adalci ta ƙarshe ta nuna cewa dole ne a ƙare hanyoyin lumana kafin a ɗauki matakin yaƙi, in ba haka ba yaƙin ba adalci bane saboda rashin buƙata. Akwai fassarori biyu na wannan bukata. Sigar 'tsawon lokaci' ta ce duk hanyoyin da ba na tashin hankali ba dole ne a gwada su kuma a gaza kafin a yi amfani da ƙarfin soja bisa doka. Fassarar 'tsari' ba ta da wahala. Yana buƙatar kawai a yi la'akari da duk hanyoyin da za a bi. Idan an kai ga yanke hukunci, da gaskiya, cewa babu irin wannan madadin da zai yi tasiri, to, zuwa yaƙi na iya zama ‘makomar ƙarshe’ ko da inda shi ne abu na farko da muke gwadawa.”
Babu inda Dobos - ko kuma kamar yadda na san kowa - ya bayyana yadda zai yi kama da kare yiwuwar ayyukan da ba na yaki ba. Dobos ya yanke shawararsa ba tare da nuna alamun ya yi la'akari da zabin yaki ba, amma ya kara da wani labari a littafin yana duban ra'ayin kare fararen hula marasa makami. Bai hada da kowa ba hangen nesa mai fadi na abin da zai iya nufi don tallafawa bin doka, inganta haɗin gwiwa, ba da taimako na gaske a maimakon makamai, da dai sauransu.
Ina fatan cewa wannan littafin yana kaiwa ga adadi mai yawa kawai masu sauraron da ke buɗewa gare shi - mai yiwuwa ta hanyar azuzuwa, tunda ina shakkar mutane da yawa suna siyan shi akan $ 64, farashi mafi arha da zan iya samu akan layi.
Duk da cewa wannan littafi ya yi fice a cikin sauran a cikin jerin masu zuwa ba tare da yin jayayya dalla-dalla a kan kawar da yaki ba, na sanya shi a cikin jerin, saboda ya sanya shari'ar soke, ko yana so ko a'a.
DA WAR ABOLI LITTAFI:
Da'a, Tsaro, da Injin Yaki: Gaskiyar Kudin Sojoji by Ned Dobos, 2020.
Fahimtar Masana'antar Yaki ta Christian Sorensen, 2020.
Babu Ƙarin War ta Dan Kovalik, 2020.
Tsaron zamantakewa ta Jørgen Johansen da Brian Martin, 2019.
Murder Incorporated: Littafin Na Biyu: Kyautatattun Kyautataccen Amirka by Mumia Abu Jamal da Stephen Vittoria, 2018.
Masu Tafiya don Aminci: Hiroshima da Nagasaki Survivors Magana by Melinda Clarke, 2018.
Tsayar da yaki da inganta zaman lafiya: Jagora ga Ma'aikatan Lafiya Edited by William Wiist da Shelley White, 2017.
Shirin Kasuwancin Zaman Lafiya: Gina Duniya Ba tare da Yaƙi ba by Scilla Elworthy, 2017.
Yakin Ba Yayi Kawai by David Swanson, 2016.
Tsarin Tsaro na Duniya: Wani Gida don Yaƙin by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Ƙarfin Kariya akan Yakin: Abin da Amurka ta rasa a Tarihin Tarihin Amurka da Abin da Za Mu Yi Yanzu by Kathy Beckwith, 2015.
Yaƙi: Wani Kisa akan Dan Adam by Roberto Vivo, 2014.
Tsarin Katolika da Zubar da Yakin da David Carroll Cochran, 2014.
War da Delusion: A Testing by Laurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Da Farko na Yaƙi, Ƙarshen War by Judith Hand, 2013.
Yaƙi Ba Ƙari: Shari'ar Kashewa by David Swanson, 2013.
Ƙarshen War by John Horgan, 2012.
Tsarin zuwa Salama by Russell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Daga War zuwa Zaman Lafiya: Jagora Ga Shekaru Bayanan Kent Shifferd, 2011.
Yakin Yaqi ne by David Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Ƙarshen War: Halin Dan Adam na Aminci by Douglas Fry, 2009.
Rayuwa Bayan War by Winslow Myers, 2009.
Isasshen Shed na jini: 101 Magani ga Rikici, Ta'addanci, da Yaƙi ta Mary-Wynne Ashford tare da Guy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Earth: Sabon Makamai na Yaki ta Rosalie Bertell, 2001.
Samari Zasu Zama Maza: Karya Alakar Maza da Tashin hankali ta Myriam Miedzian, 1991.
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