Sojoji ba tare da bindigogi ba

By David Swanson, Babban Darakta na World BEYOND War, Yuni 21, 2019

Wani fim din da Will Watson, wanda ake kira Sojoji ba tare da bindigogi ba, ya kamata ya firgita mutane da yawa - ba wai don yana amfani da wani mummunan yanayi na tashin hankali ba ko kuma wani nau'in jima'i na ban tsoro (masu tayar da hankali a cikin nazarin fim), amma saboda ya sake faɗi kuma ya nuna mana wani labari na gaskiya wanda ya saba wa mafi mahimmancin tunani. na siyasa, manufofin kasashen waje, da sanannen ilimin halayyar dan Adam.

Tsibirin Bougainville ya kasance aljanna tsawon shekaru, wanda mazaunan da ba su taɓa haifar wa duniya da matsala ba ta zauna lafiya. Tabbas, masarautun Yamma sun yi yaƙi da shi. Sunanta shi ne na wani ɗan Faransa mai bincike wanda ya sa masa suna a 1768. Jamus ta yi iƙirarinta a 1899. A Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Australia ta karɓe shi. A Yaƙin Duniya na II, Japan ta karɓe shi. Bougainville ya koma mamayar Ostiraliya bayan yakin, amma Jafananci sun bar tarin makamai a baya - watakila mafi munin nau'ikan gurbacewar yanayi, lalacewa, da kuma tasirin da yaki zai iya barinsa.

Mutanen Bougainville sun so 'yanci, amma a maimakon haka aka sanya su wani yanki na Papua New Guinea. Kuma a cikin 1960s mafi munin abin ya faru - mafi munin ga Bougainville fiye da duk abin da ta taɓa fuskanta. Wannan taron ya canza halayen Turawan mulkin mallaka. Ba lokaci bane na wayewa ko karimci. Wannan shine mummunan binciken da aka gano, a tsakiyar tsibirin, mafi yawan kayan tagulla a duniya. Bai cutar da kowa ba. Zai iya zama an barshi daidai inda yake. Madadin haka, kamar zinaren Cherokees ko man Iraki, sai ya tashi kamar la'ana yana yaɗa tsoro da mutuwa.

Kamfanin na Namibiya a Australia ya sata ƙasar, ya kori mutane daga cikinta, ya fara lalata shi, ya haifar da babbar rami a duniya. Bougainvilleans ya amsa da abin da wasu za su iya yin la'akari da bukatar da ake bukata don biya. A Australia sun ƙi, dariya a gaskiya. Wani lokaci mahimmancin ra'ayoyin da aka yi wa wulakanci na wulakanci tare da dariya mai ban dariya.

Anan, wataƙila, wani ɗan lokaci ne don ƙarfin hali da halayyar rashin ƙarfi. Amma mutane sun gwada tashin hankali a maimakon haka - ko kuma (kamar yadda masu yaudarar ke cewa) “sun koma ga rikici.” Sojojin Papua New Guinea sun amsa hakan ta hanyar kashe daruruwan mutane. Bougainvilleans sun ba da amsar hakan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sojoji masu neman sauyi da yaƙin neman 'yanci. Yaƙin adalci ne, na adawa da mulkin mallaka. A cikin fim ɗin mun ga hotunan mayaƙa irin wanda har yanzu wasu ke soyayyar sa a duk duniya. Ya kasance mummunan gazawa.

Maina ya daina aiki a 1988. Ma'aikata sun koma Australia don kare lafiyarsu. An rage yawan kuji, ba ta hanyar biya ga mutanen ƙasar ba, amma ta hanyar 100%. Wannan bazai yi kama da wannan rashin cin nasara ba. Amma la'akari da abin da ya faru a gaba. Sabon sojojin Papua New Guinean ya karu da kisan-kiyashi. Rikicin ya fadi sama. Daga nan sojoji suka kirkiro wani tsibirin na cikin tsibirin kuma in ba haka ba ya bar shi. Wannan hagu ne ga matalauci, wadanda aka tsara, masu dauke da makamai da imani da ikon tashin hankali. Hakan ya kasance abin girke-girke don cin zarafi, don haka wasu sun gayyaci sojoji, kuma yakin basasar jini ya ragu saboda kimanin shekaru 10, kashe maza, mata da yara. Race shi ne makami na kowa. Talauci yana da matsananci. An kashe wasu mutane 20,000, ko kashi daya cikin shida na al'ummar,. Wasu mashawartan Bougainvilleans sunyi amfani da maganin magani da wasu kayayyaki daga tsibirin Sulemanu, ta hanyar dagewa.

Sau goma sha huɗu an yi kokarin tattaunawar zaman lafiya kuma ta gaza. “Tsoma bakin” baƙi bai yi kama da wani zaɓi ba, saboda ba a amince da baƙi a matsayin masu cin ƙasar. "Masu kiyaye zaman lafiya" masu ɗauke da makamai za su iya haɗa makamai da jikkuna kawai don yaƙin, kamar yadda "masu kiyaye zaman lafiya" ke ɗauka sau da yawa a duniya tsawon shekaru da yawa yanzu. Ana bukatar wani abu.

A cikin matan 1995 na Bougainville sun yi shiri don zaman lafiya. Amma zaman lafiya bai sauko ba. A 1997 Papua New Guinea ya shirya shirin bunkasa yakin, ciki har da ta hanyar sayen 'yan bindigar da ke zaune a London da ake kira Sandline. Daga nan wanda ke cikin matsayi wanda bai dace ba ya sha wahala. Babban jami'in kula da sojojin Papua New Guinea ya yanke shawarar kara yawan sojojin da ke cikin yaki zai kara yawan lamarin (kuma ya gabatar da wata kungiya da ba shi da daraja). Ya bukaci 'yan bindigar su tashi. Wannan ya sa sojoji suka saba da gwamnati, kuma tashin hankalin ya yada zuwa Papua New Guinea, inda firaminista ya sauka.

Sannan wani mutumin da ba zai yiwu ba ya faɗi wani abu mai ma'ana, wani abu da mutum yake ji kusan kowace rana a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka ba tare da an taɓa maimaita shi da mahimmanci ba. Amma wannan mutumin, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Australiya, a zahiri yana nufin shi. Ya ce "babu wata mafita ta soja." Tabbas, wannan koyaushe gaskiya ne a ko'ina, amma lokacin da wani ya faɗi hakan kuma yake ma'anarsa a zahiri, to, hanyar da za a bi ta daban zata bi. Kuma hakika ya yi.

Tare da goyon bayan sabon Firayim Minista na Papua New Guinea, tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Australia, gwamnatin New Zealand ta jagoranci jagorancin kokarin kawo zaman lafiya a Bougainville. Dukansu bangarori na yakin basasa sun yarda da aika da wakilai, maza da mata, zuwa tattaunawar zaman lafiya a New Zealand. Tattaunawa sun yi nasara sosai. Amma ba kowane bangare ba, ba kowane mutum ba, zai yi zaman lafiya a gida ba tare da wani abu ba.

Wani rukunin kiyaye zaman lafiya na sojoji, maza da mata, wanda a zahiri ake kiransa da “kiyaye zaman lafiya,” wanda New Zealand tare da Australiya suka jagoranta, suka tafi Bougainville, kuma ba su kawo bindigogi tare da su ba. Da sun kawo bindigogi, da sun ruruta wutar rikici. Madadin haka, tare da Papua New Guinea suna ba da afuwa ga duk mayaƙa, masu kiyaye zaman lafiya sun kawo kayan kida, wasanni, girmamawa, da tawali'u. Ba su dauki nauyin ba. Sun sauƙaƙe tsarin zaman lafiya wanda Bougainvilleans ke sarrafawa. Sun haɗu da mutane a ƙafa da yarensu. Sun raba al'adun Maori. Sun koyi al'adun Bougainvillean. Haƙiƙa sun taimaki mutane. Sun gina gadoji a zahiri. Waɗannan sojoji ne, waɗanda zan iya tunani a kansu a duk tarihin ɗan adam, waɗanda da gaske zan so in “gode da aikinsu.” Kuma na haɗa da cewa shugabanninsu, waɗanda - wanda yake ba da mamaki ga wani mutum wanda ya saba ganin mutane kamar John Bolton da Mike Pompeo a Talabijin - ya halatta ba masu kishin jini ba. Hakanan abin ban mamaki a cikin labarin Bougainville shine rashin sa hannun Amurka ko Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Yaya wasu sassa na duniya zasu iya amfana daga irin wannan rashin sa hannu?

Lokacin da wakilai daga kewayen Bougainville suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar sulhu ta ƙarshe, ba a tabbatar da nasara ba. New Zealand ta rasa kuɗi kuma ta mayar da zaman lafiya zuwa Ostiraliya, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka yi shakku. Mayaka masu dauke da makamai sun nemi hana wakilai tafiya zuwa tattaunawar sulhun. Dole ne masu kiyaye zaman lafiya wadanda ba su dauke da makamai su yi tafiya zuwa wadannan yankuna tare da shawo kan mayaka masu dauke da makamai su ba da damar gudanar da tattaunawar. Mata sun shawo kan maza don yin haɗari ga zaman lafiya. Sun yi. Kuma ya yi nasara. Kuma ya kasance mai ɗorewa. An sami zaman lafiya a Bougainville daga 1998 har zuwa yanzu. Fadan bai sake farawa ba. Ba a sake buɗe ma'adinan ba. Duniya ba ta buƙatar jan ƙarfe. Gwagwarmayar ba ta buƙatar bindigogi da gaske. Babu wanda ya buƙaci “cin” yaƙin.