"Laifi Ga Bil'adama": An Kora daga Diego Garcia don Tushen Sojan Amurka, Mazauna suna Buƙatar Komawa

AMY GOODMAN: Ana kara matsin lamba ga Burtaniya da Amurka kan su biya diyya tare da ba da hakuri kan korar mazauna tsibirin Chagos da ke Tekun Indiya rabin karni da suka gabata don haka Amurka za ta gina wani babban sansanin soji a tsibirin Diego Garcia, wanda ke da rabi. tsakanin Afirka da Indonesia da kuma kusan mil dubu kudu da Indiya. Sansanin Amurka a Diego Garcia ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a hare-haren da Amurka ta kai Iraki da Afghanistan. Fiye da shekaru 50, mutanen Chagossian suna ƙoƙarin komawa gida, amma duk ƙoƙarin da Burtaniya da Amurka suka hana su. A farkon wannan shekara, kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch ta zargi gwamnatocin biyu da aikata laifukan cin zarafin bil adama.

Nan gaba kadan, za mu kasance tare da wani fitaccen dan gwagwarmayar Chagossian da ke nan Amurka yana ziyara domin ganawa da 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka da jami'an gwamnatin Biden. Amma da farko bari mu juya ga wani yanki na faifan bidiyo da Human Rights Watch ta yi mai suna Mallakar Birtaniyya ta Karshe a Afirka: Yadda Aka Tilasta 'Yan Chagoss Daga Kasarsu.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: A cikin shekarun 1960, Biritaniya ta yi mulki a kan kasashe kusan 18 da yankuna uku a Afirka.

Robin MARDEMOOTOO: Yawancin kasashen Afirka sun riga sun tsunduma cikin shirin fara fafutukar kwato 'yancinsu. Mauritius ya shiga cikin wannan aikin.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: Biritaniya ta bai wa Mauritius 'yancin kai a cikin 1968, amma tare da babban fa'ida: Burtaniya za ta ci gaba da adana tsibiran Chagos a kan ƙaramin farashi.

DAVID YAZO: Jami'an gwamnatin Amurka a zamanin mulkin mallaka sun kara nuna damuwa game da rasa iko da duniya. Don haka gungun jami’an rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka sun kirkiro wani shiri na gano kananan tsibirai a duniya, kuma Diego Garcia ya zama babban tsibiri da suke son gina tushe a kai.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: Diego Garcia yana daya daga cikin manyan tsibiran da ke cikin tsibiran Chagos, inda iyalai da yawa suka rayu har tsawon tsararraki.

DAVID YAZO: A farkon shekarun 1960 ne gwamnatocin Amurka da Birtaniya suka fara aiwatar da yarjejeniyar ta sirri, inda gwamnatin Amurka ta dage wa Birtaniya cewa muna son wannan sansani, kuma muna son hakan ba tare da wani yanki na gari ba. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta amince da yin kazamin aikin kawar da 'yan Chagoss domin yin musanya da share bashin dala miliyan 14 da gwamnatin Burtaniya ke bin gwamnatin Amurka.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: Jami'an Burtaniya na fargabar cewa idan sun amince da yawan mutanen Chagos na dindindin, to dole ne su kai rahoto ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da sabon mulkin da suka kirkiro.

PHILIPPE SANCI: Abin da Birtaniyya ke yi a 1965 shine sake fasalin al'ummar Chagos Archipelago a matsayin ma'aikatan kwangila, ba yawan jama'a na dindindin ba, don haifar da yaudarar cewa babu yawan jama'a.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: Tsakanin 1968 zuwa 1973, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kwashe mutane kusan 1,500 daga tsibirin Chagos zuwa Mauritius da kuma Seychelles. Ba a ba su zabi ba.

ILINE LOUIS: [fassara] Abinda kawai na ga mahaifiyata ta ɗauka tare da ita shine ɗan ƙaramin ƙirji don saka kayanmu a ciki da katifa. Shi ke nan. Duk sauran, mun bar wurin.

ROSEMONE BERTIN: [fassara] Sun sanya duk karnukan cikin ɗaki suna hura su har suka mutu.

AMY GOODMAN: Wani faifan bidiyo da Human Rights Watch ta yi mai taken Mallakar Birtaniyya ta Karshe a Afirka: Yadda Aka Tilasta 'Yan Chagoss Daga Kasarsu. Ɗaya daga cikin muryoyin da aka nuna a cikin wannan faifan shine David Vine, farfesa a Jami'ar Amirka a Washington, DC, marubucin Tsibirin Kunya: Sirrin Tarihin Sojojin Amurka akan Diego Garcia. Farfesa Vine kuma shine marubucin Base Nation: Ta yaya Sojojin Amurka suka Bayar da Ƙasashen Amurka da Duniya?. Yana tare da mu yanzu daga New York, tare da Olivier Bancoult, wanda shine shugaban kungiyar Chagos Refugee Group, kungiyar da ke wakiltar mafi yawan Chagossiyawa a gudun hijira. Na kwanan nan Labari don openDemocracy mai taken “Amurka da Burtaniya sun sace mana gidajenmu. Bayan shekaru 50, har yanzu ana hana mu adalci.”

Muna maraba da ku duka Democracy Now! Bari mu fara da Olivier Bancoult. Mun gode sosai don kasancewa tare da mu. Bayyana dalilin da ya sa kake nan a Amurka, kuma, a haƙiƙa, ko da abin da ya faru da iyalinka rabin karni da suka wuce, cewa har yanzu kuna neman gyara, da kuma dukan Chagossiyawa da ke zaune a gudun hijira.

OLIVER BANCOULT: Da farko, barka da safiya, Amy. Da farko na gode da kuka ba ni wannan damar in yi magana a madadin jama'ata.

Dalilin da ya sa muke nan a Amurka shi ne don jin ta bakin gwamnatin Biden tare da ba da hakuri kan laifin da aka yi wa mutanen Chagossian. Ina ganin akwai bukatar gwamnatin Amurka ta sauya manufofinta game da 'yancin ɗan adam ga mutanen Chagossian da aka tumbuke. Muna son jama'ar Amurka su fahimci matsayinmu na tsawon shekaru da dama ana tauye hakkin dan Adam na duniya, kuma muna son a yi adalci. Muna son Amurka da cikakken alhakin abin da ya faru da mutanenmu. Saboda tushe, mun kasance muna da labarin mafarki mai ban tsoro. Kuma muna son su gane kuma su kawo karshen su kuma su ba su uzuri a kan duk wani laifi da suka yi, kuma sun fara ne da yin wasu gyare-gyare ga jama’armu, kamar biyan diyya, da kuma taimakawa wajen sake tsugunar da ‘yan Chagos a Chagos.

Labarina, ni, da kaina, an haife ni a Peros Banhos, ɗaya daga cikin tsibiran Chagos Archipelago, kuma an kore ni a cikin 1968. Dalili? Domin ina da— danginmu dole ne su zo Mauritius don jinyar ’yar’uwata, wadda keken guragu ya ji rauni. Amma, abin takaici, bayan wata uku, ƙanwata ta rasu. Kuma lokacin da mahaifiyata da mahaifina suka yanke shawarar komawa, saboda mun bar dukan kayanmu a can a nan gaba, lokacin da muka ce mu koma, mun koyi cewa ba zai yiwu ba a gare mu domin an ba da tsibirin ga Amurka. Kuma kuskure ne cewa an sha wahala, ba a wurin haihuwarmu ba, kasancewa daga inda aka haife mu, kuma wannan yana daya daga cikin dalilan da nake so kawai in kara wayar da kan al'amuran da kuma dora alhakin mutanenmu.

Juan GONZÁLEZ: Kuma, Olivier Bancoult, wa kuka gana da ku a Washington a cikin shugabannin Amurka? Kuma kuna jin wani goyon baya ga bukatunku a Majalisa?

OLIVER BANCOULT: Eh mana, muna da kwarin guiwa a ce mun samu damar ganawa da mutane da dama, musamman ‘yan majalisa. Kuma mun gana da jami’in ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, domin a cewarsu, wannan ne karon farko da suka ji ta bakin ‘yan Chagoss menene bukatunmu. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne game da muhimman hakkokinmu da kuma mutuncinmu a matsayinmu na al'umma. Idan mu mutane ne, bisa ga sanarwar Duniya na Haƙƙin Dan Adam, cewa a ko'ina, idan an haife ku a wuri, kuna da 'yancin zama a wurin. Kuma ba za mu iya yarda cewa wasu mutane za su iya rayuwa a wurinmu ba, alhali an ayyana mu a matsayin mutum mai godiya. Wannan shi ne babban taron, kuma muna son samun goyon bayan 'yan majalisa don gano yadda za mu gabatar da wani abu kamar wasiƙa, ƙuduri ko ma sauraren bayanin halin da muke ciki da kuma barin gwamnatin Amurka ta sauke nauyin da ke kan mu na Chagossian. mutane.

Juan GONZÁLEZ: Shin za ku iya magana game da tarihin mazauna tsibirin Chagos, tarihin dogon lokaci wanda ya sake yin watsi da wannan takaddama na Amurka da Birtaniya cewa akwai kawai ma'aikatan kwangila a can a cikin 60s?

OLIVER BANCOULT: Dukkan gwamnatocin Birtaniya da Amurka sun yi karya, domin duk sun ce kafin kafa sansanin sojan Amurka, babu mazaunan dindindin a wurin. Ba gaskiya ba ne, domin mutane sun yi rayuwa fiye da ƙarni biyar. Ina ba da misali nawa. A can aka haife ni. Ubana, mahaifiyata, kakana da kakata, har ma da kaka tawa aka haife su. Kuma ba mu kasance ba - ba mu taɓa zama ma'aikatan kwangila ba. Mu kasance mazaunan dindindin.

Kuma rayuwa a gare mu tana da ban al’ajabi domin muna rayuwa cikin salama da jituwa. Muna da al'adunmu. Muna da gidanmu. Muna da aikin mu. Kuma bayan sa’o’in aiki, mu kan je kamun kifi. Kuma dukanmu muna rayuwa a matsayin iyali ɗaya. Nan da nan, kawai sun yanke shawarar zaɓar Diego Garcia saboda wuri ne mai mahimmanci, kuma yana da kyau sosai. Sun yanke shawarar gina sansanin soja na Amurka a kan Diego Garcia, amma sun manta da ainihin haƙƙin mutanenmu, waɗanda ke zaune cikin kwanciyar hankali da lumana.

AMY GOODMAN: Ina so in kunna wasu shirye-shiryen bidiyo na wasu muryoyin Chagossian. Wannan ita ce Iline Louis da take magana da Human Rights Watch game da rayuwarta a Chagos kafin a kore ta daga kasarta ta haihuwa.

ILINE LOUIS: Rayuwa a Chagos ga mutane ta kasance kamar rayuwa a matsayin iyali ɗaya. Komai, mun raba. Hatta abincin da muke dafawa, muna rabawa. Idan akwai matsala, a koyaushe akwai wanda zai taimaka.

AMY GOODMAN: Kuma wannan ita ce Ellianne Baptiste tana magana game da labarin danginta.

ELLIANNE BAPTIST: Na ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara 15, amma iyayena sun zauna a Mauritius. A cikin shekarun 1960, an tilasta wa ɗaruruwan Chagossiyawa, ciki har da mahaifiyata, barin tsibirin Chagos, ko kuma ba a bar su su koma ba, saboda gwamnatocin Biritaniya da Amurka sun so ba da sarari ga sansanin sojan Amurka. Wannan yarjejeniya ta Burtaniya da Amurka ta yi mummunar tasiri ga waɗanda ke zaune a tsibiran, da kuma ga tsararraki masu zuwa, wanda ya sa iyalai da yawa suka rabu.

Birtaniya ta ba wa Chagossiyawa da ƙarnuka na farko izinin zama ɗan ƙasa na Biritaniya, wanda ya ba wa mutane irin su ƴan uwana damar ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya Amma ba kowa ba ne ya sami damar yin hakan, saboda akwai gazawa da ƙuntatawa, kamar shekarun ƙarni na farko da na farko. visa na ma'aurata. ’Yan’uwan mahaifiyata ba a haife su a tsibirin Chagos ba, don haka su da ’yan uwana ba su cancanci zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya ba. Abin kawai ya sa na yi tunanin cewa idan ba a kori Chagossiyawa ba, idan an bar iyalina, kakannina, mahaifiyata, su koma tsibirin, babu wani abu da ya faru.

AMY GOODMAN: Wannan ita ce Ellianne Baptiste. Wadannan muryoyin, Farfesa David Vine, lokacin da kuka ji zafin abin da aka rasa, da farko, ina nufin, bayyana daga farko - mutane da yawa sun kira wannan laifin cin zarafin bil'adama - Amurka da Birtaniya sun shiga, Amurka ta gina wannan soja. tushe, kuma baya ga gina wannan sansanin soji kawai, yana mai cewa babu wani dan Chagos da zai iya zama a wurin.

DAVID YAZO: Barka da safiya, Amy da Juan.

Hakika, wannan laifi ne ga bil'adama, babban laifin nuna wariyar launin fata ga bil'adama, wanda jami'an gwamnatin Amurka suka shirya tun farko, wadanda suka kama hanyar gina tushe a kan Diego Garcia tare da kawar da Chagossians. Daga nan kuma suka ci gaba da biyan gwamnatin Biritaniya, a asirce, dala miliyan 14 don aiwatar da kazamin aikin kawar da Chagossiyawa, sannan suka ci gaba da kitsa korar a tsawon shekaru da dama a karshen shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon 1970s.

Kuma tun daga farko, gwamnatin Amurka tana da iko. Suna da ikon korar Chagossiyawa. Kuma yanzu gwamnatin Biden tana da ikon yin hakan a ƙarshe. Wannan bacin rai ne, laifi ne ga bil'adama, hakika, wanda ya kamata a gyara, bai kamata ya faru ba, da gwamnatocin da suka gabata suka yi gyara. Amma gwamnatin Biden a yanzu tana da ikon nunawa duniya, a daidai lokacin da gwamnatin Biden ke sukar wasu gwamnatoci da bayanan haƙƙin ɗan adam - Saudi Arabia, China, da sauransu - a wannan lokacin, gwamnatin Biden tana da ikon yin hakan. canza manufofin Amurka, daga karshe kuma a samar da adalci ga Chagossiyawa ta hanyar ba su damar komawa gida, ta hanyar ba da diyya, ta hanyar taimakawa wajen sake tsugunar da Chagossiyawa a kasar kakanninsu, a kasarsu, kasar da aka kwace daga hannunsu.

Juan GONZÁLEZ: Kuma, Farfesa Vine, abin baƙin ciki, misalin abin da ya faru da Chagossians ba na musamman ba ne. Za ku iya yin magana kaɗan game da waɗannan manyan sansanonin da Amurka ke da su, tsarin a duk duniya, wurare kamar Okinawa, Vieques, Hawaii, ba shakka Philippines a zamanin Subic Bay, Guam, inda sojoji ke aiwatar da roughshod. a kan al'ummar yankin?

DAVID YAZO: Gaskiya ne, kuma akwai lokuta sama da 20 da sojojin Amurka suka yi gudun hijira, galibi ’yan asalin yankin, kamar Chagossiyawa, a matsayin wani bangare na ƙirƙira ko faɗaɗa sansanonin sojojin Amurka a duniya. Kuma tun daga karshen karni na 19 ke nan. Tabbas, a cikin karni na 18 da 19, sojojin Amurka, musamman, sun raba miliyoyin al'ummar Amurkawa mazauna yankin Arewacin Amurka a matsayin wani bangare na mulkin mallaka da mamaye nahiyar. Chagossiyawa ba su kaɗai ba ne.

Amma akwai wani lamarin da ke ba da labari cikin baƙin ciki. A cikin 1946, a tsibiran da sojojin ruwan Amurka suka mamaye, tsibiran Ogasawara, ƙananan tsibiran da a yanzu suke cikin Japan, haƙiƙa sojojin ruwan Amurka sun taimaka wa al'ummar yankin, galibi fararen fata na asalin Amurka, wajen komawa gidajensu da zama tare. gefe da abin da yake a lokacin sansanin sojojin ruwan Amurka. Sun taimaka wajen kafa makarantu. Sun taimaka wajen kafa kananan hukumomi. Sun taimaka wajen kafa tattalin arzikin gida. Idan sojojin ruwa na Amurka, idan sojojin Amurka, idan gwamnatin Amurka za ta iya taimakawa yawancin fararen fata na asalin Amurka su koma ƙasarsu, gidajensu, a cikin 1946, tabbas, sojojin Amurka, gwamnatin Biden na iya yin haka ga Chagossians. , al'ummar da akasarinsu asalin Afirka da Indiya ne, suna komawa gidajensu, ƙasarsu ta asali, ƙasar kakanninsu a yau.

AMY GOODMAN: Muna da minti ɗaya kawai, amma, Olivier Bancoult, saƙonka ga mutane a nan Amurka, da ma duniya baki ɗaya?

OLIVER BANCOULT: Sakona a madadin jama'ata shi ne a gano hanya. Muna so, a matsayinmu na dukan ’yan Adam, mu sami damar rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali da lumana. Kamar yadda na fada, hakan a bayyane yake kuma aka ambata a cikin sanarwar kasa da kasa ta kare hakkin dan Adam, cewa kowa yana da hakkin ya zauna a mahaifarsa. Muna son a amince mana da hakkinmu. Muna so mu yi godiya ga duk iyayenmu da aka binne a Chagos, wanda ba mu sami damar shiga kabari ba.

Zan ba ku misali ɗaya kawai. Mu, a matsayinmu na Chagossiyawa, ba a yarda mu je Chagos don yin girmamawa ga iyayenmu da aka binne a can ba, yayin da a Cannon Point a Diego Garcia muna da makabartar karnukan soja waɗanda aka kula da su sosai. Yaya za ku yi la'akari da hakan?

Sakona zuwa ga duniya, ba mu yi kadan ko fiye ba. Muna tambaya game da hakkinmu. Kuma muna son gwamnatin Biden ta nemi afuwarta kuma ta yi ramuwar gayya kan abin da suka yi wa mutanenmu. Kuma wannan shine sakonmu. Kuma muna so mu sami ƙarin sani, nemi mutane su ba da ƙaramin tallafi kan aikinmu.

AMY GOODMAN: Olivier Bancoult, Ina so in gode muku don kasancewa tare da mu, shugaban kungiyar Chagos Refugees Group, da David Vine, farfesa a Jami'ar Amirka, marubucin littafin. Tsibirin Kunya: Sirrin Tarihin Sojojin Amurka akan Diego Garcia.

wannan shi ne Democracy Now! Idan muka dawo, sai mu je New Mexico, inda wani mai goyon bayan Trump sanye da a MAGA hula ta bude wuta kan wata zanga-zangar da 'yan asalin kasar suka jagoranta don nuna adawa da sake kafa wani mutum-mutumi na girmama wani dan kasar Spain da ya mamaye karni na 16. An harbe wani dan asalin kasar mai fafutukar sauyin yanayi kuma yana bukatar a dauke shi ta jirgin sama domin yi masa tiyatar gaggawa. Za mu yi magana da ɗaya daga cikin ƴan gwagwarmayar ƴan asalin ƙasar da ya daga bindiga amma bai harbe ko ya kashe ba. Ku zauna tare da mu.

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AMY GOODMAN: Kida ta mawakiyar Chagossian Charlesia Alexis, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos.