Kira don Sanin Ranar Kwana na Bakwai na Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Yawancin shekarun 60 ne da Bertrand Russell da Albert Einstein suka taru tare da ƙungiyar manyan malaman ilimi a London zuwa daftarin aiki da kuma nuna alama inda suka yi ikirarin kawo hadari game da yakin tsakanin 'yan kwaminisanci da' yan gurguzu na duniya. Wadanda suka sa hannu a wannan rukunin sun hada da manyan masu lashe kyautar Nobel kamar Hideki Yukawa da Linus Pauling.

Sun kasance masu fahariya, suna yin amfani da makaman nukiliya da kuma rashin yin amfani da makaman nukiliya wanda ya fadi Amurka da Soviet a wancan lokaci, yayin da suke haddasa dan Adam. Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa ci gaba da fasaha, musamman ƙaddamar da bam din bam din, ya sanya tarihin mutum a kan wani sabon hanyar da bala'i.

Ma'anar ta bayyana a cikin sharuddan ma'anar zabi wanda yake fuskantar ɗan adam:

A nan ne matsala da muke ba da ku, tsattsauran ra'ayoyin da ba za a iya ba da su ba: Shin za mu kawo ƙarshen dan Adam; Ko kuma mutane za su rabu da yaƙi?

Tasirin Russell-Einstein ya tilasta yin la'akari da irin yadda shugaban Amurka ke tafiya a wancan lokacin kuma shine farkon fara nazarin batun tsaro wanda zai haifar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba da kyautar ba a 1968 da Ma'aikatan makamai na 1970s.

Amma ba mu da matukar jin dadi a waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a yau. {Asar Amirka ta manta da wajibi ne game da wajibai a karkashin yarjejeniyar ba da kariya, kuma kalmomin nan "sarrafa makamai" sun ɓace daga tattaunawar tsaro. A bara ta ga Amurka ta fuskanci Rasha a Ukraine zuwa irin wannan mataki wanda mutane da yawa sunyi magana kan hadarin makaman nukiliya.

A sakamakon haka, a ranar Yuni 16 na wannan shekarar Rasha ta sanar da cewa zai kara 40 sabon ICBMs don mayar da hankali ga zuba jarurruka na {asar Amirka, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, na inganta ha] in kan makaman nukiliya.

Irin wadannan matsaloli sun kasance tsakanin Japan da Sin a kan Senkaku / Diaoyutai Isles da tsakanin Amurka da Sin a kan Tekun Kudancin Kudancin. Tattaunawa game da yiwuwar yaki da kasar Sin suna nunawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarun Yamma da kara mita, kuma wata matukar damuwa ga turawa Amurka da dangantakar Asiya tana fitowa.

Amma a wannan lokacin, haɗari na yakin nukiliya suna taimakawa ta hanyar daidaita, ko mafi girma, barazanar: sauyin yanayi. Ko da kwamandan kwamandan Amurka Pacific Command, Admiral Samuel Locklear, ya gaya wa Boston Globe a 2013 cewa canjin yanayi “tabbas abu ne mai yuwuwa da zai faru. . . hakan zai gurgunta yanayin tsaro, watakila ya fi sauran al'amuran da muke yawan magana kansu. ''

Kwanan nan, Paparoma Francis ya ba da cikakkun bayanai, kuma yana da kyau, wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin barazanar sauyin yanayi wanda ya bukaci:

Yana da matukar damuwa game da yadda za a warware matsalar siyasa ta duniya (zuwa canjin yanayi). Sakamakon haka mafi yawan wanda zai iya tsammanin shine maganganu na kasa da kasa, abubuwan da ke faruwa na kungiyoyi da kuma maganganu na damuwa ga yanayin, yayin da ƙoƙari na ainihi na kungiyoyi a cikin al'umma don gabatar da canji ana kallon su a matsayin abin da ya faru ne bisa lalata jita-jita ko kuma wata matsala da za a kulla.

Kamar yadda 60th anniversary of Russell-Einstein Manifesto ya kusa, Na zama mai kara damuwa da cikakken aiki tsakanin masu ilimi da kuma mafi kyau a haɗuwa da fuskar mai hatsarin gaske a tarihin zamani da watakila a cikin tarihin ɗan adam, ya fi damuwa fiye da da masifar da Russell da Einstein suka yi. Ba wai kawai muna fuskantar yiwuwar yakin nukiliya ba, amma akwai alamu cewa sauyin yanayi yana ci gaba da sauri fiye da yadda aka kiyasta. Kimiyya Kimiyya kwanan nan saki wani binciken wanda ya nuna damuwa kan hadarin ruwa idan muka bi halin yanzu, har ma da glaciers na yankin kudancin Antarctica, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mafi tsayi, ana kiyaye su. yin watsi da hanzari. Amma duk da haka ba mu ga mawuyacin ƙoƙari na kare wannan barazana daga manyan iko ba.

Na yi magana game da damuwa game da damuwa tare da abokina John Feffer, darektan harkokin waje na kasashen waje a Focus da kuma haɗin ginin Cibiyar Asiya. John ya rubuta a fili game da buƙatar gano yanayin sauyin yanayi kamar yadda ya zama babban haɗari na tsaro kuma ya yi aiki tare da Miriam Pemberton na Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci game da kokarin da za ta kawar da Amurka daga tattalin arzikin soja. Tsakanin mu biyu mun haɗa tare da sauƙi na fasalin abin da ke nuna muhimmancin sauyin yanayi - batun da ba a fahimta ba a cikin 1955 - kuma a nan ya buga shi a matsayin takarda da muke kira ga kowa a duniya ya shiga . Wannan sabon fasali na bayyana shi ne bude wa kowa da kowa, ba a ƙayyade shi ba ga ƙungiyar masu kyautar Nobel.

Na kuma yi magana da David Swanson, wani abokina tun yana aiki a kan kamfen din Dennis Kucinich na takarar Democrat a 2004. David yanzu yana matsayin darakta World Beyond War, babban ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar yarjejeniya cewa yaƙi ba shi da wani wurin halal a cikin zamantakewar ɗan adam. Ya gabatar da gabatarwar ga babban rukuni na masu gwagwarmaya kuma mun amince da cewa Manufar Harkokin Waje a Mayar da hankali, Cibiyar Asiya da World Beyond War zai dauki nauyin daukar nauyin sabon shirin.

A ƙarshe, na aika daftarin zuwa Noam Chomsky wanda ya shirya don sa hannu da shi kuma ya ba da wannan sharhi.

A watan Janairun da ya gabata ne aka motsa sanannen agogon ranar tashin kiyama mintuna biyu kusa da tsakar dare, mafi kusa da shi tun lokacin da wani babban yaki ya firgita shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Bayanin da ke tafe, wanda yayi gargadin cewa barazanar yaki na nukiliya da kuma "canjin yanayi da ba a shawo kansa ba" yana matukar barazana ga wayewar dan Adam, ya tuno da mummunan gargadi ga mutanen duniya shekaru 60 da suka gabata ta hanyar Bertrand Russell da Albert Einstein, suna kiransu fuskantar zabin “mai tsananin gaske, mai ban tsoro kuma wanda ba za a iya guduwa da shi ba: Shin za mu kawo karshen’ yan Adam; Ko kuwa mutane za su rabu da yaƙi? ” A duk tarihin ɗan adam, ba a taɓa yin zaɓi kamar wanda muke fuskanta a yau ba.

Bayanin ranar 60th na ranar Russell-Einstein Manifesto ya nuna a kasa. Muna roƙon dukkan mutanen da suke damuwa game da makomar dan Adam da kuma lafiyar halittu ta duniya don shiga mu cikin shiga yarjejeniyar, kuma don kiran abokanmu da 'yan uwa su shiga. Sanarwa za a iya sanya hannu a takarda takarda on DIY RootsAction website:

Sanarwa akan 60^th Anniversary na Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Yuli 9, 2015

Bisa la'akari da haɗarin hadarin cewa a gaba da yaƙe-yaƙe makamai, makaman nukiliya da dai sauransu, za a yi amfani da shi wanda ke barazanar ci gaba da kasancewar bil'adama, muna rokon gwamnatocin duniya su fahimta, kuma su tabbatar da cewa jama'a ba za su iya taimaka musu ba. yakin duniya, kuma muna roƙonsu, saboda haka, samun hanyoyin zaman lafiya don warware dukkan batutuwan da ke tsakaninsu.

Mun kuma ba da shawara cewa dukkanin gwamnatocin duniya zasu fara juyo da albarkatun da aka tsara a baya don shirye-shirye don kawo karshen rikice-rikice zuwa sabon makasudin ma'anar: rushewar sauyin yanayi da kuma samar da wani sabon wayewar ci gaba a fadin duniya.

Wannan ƙoƙarin an yarda da shi ta Policyasashen Waje a cikin Mayar da hankali, Cibiyar Asiya, kuma World Beyond War, kuma ana ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 9 ga Yulin, 2015.

Za ka iya shiga, kuma ka tambayi duk wanda ka san don shiga, wannan furci a nan:

http://diy.rootsaction.org/p/man

Me ya sa wannan furci yake da muhimmanci?

A cikin shekaru 60 da suka wuce a yau, masu jagorancin Bertrand Russell da Albert Einstein suka taru a London don su nuna alamar nuna damuwa cewa yunkurin gwagwarmaya tsakanin 'yan gurguzu da' yan gurguzu a cikin shekarun bomb din sun tabbatar da hallaka mutane.

Kodayake mun yi watsi da makamin nukiliya da wa] annan masanan suka ji tsoro, an dakatar da hatsari. Wannan barazanar, wadda ta sake bayyana kwanan nan tare da rikice-rikice a Ukraine da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya kara girma ne kawai.

Bugu da ƙari, gaggawar hanzari na ci gaban fasaha yana barazanar sanya makaman nukiliya, da wasu makamai masu yawa irin wannan lalacewar, a cikin hannun kungiyoyin kasashe masu girma (kuma har ma da '' 'yan kungiyoyin' yan kasa ba '). A lokaci guda kuma, wadanda suka mallaki makaman nukiliya sun kasa bin ka'idodin su a karkashin yarjejeniyar ba da kariya ba don halakar da su.

Kuma yanzu mun fuskanci barazanar da za ta iya haifar da mummunan sakamako har ma da yakin basasa na nukiliya: sauyin yanayi. Rashin amfani da albarkatunmu da kuma rashin amincewar da muka dogara ga damuwar burbushin sun haifar da rushewar yanayin mu. A hade da kai hari a kan gandun dajinmu, wuraren da muke ciki, koginmu, da gonakin gonarmu don neman ci gaba na gajeren lokaci, wannan fadadawar tattalin arziki wanda bai dace ba ya kawo mu zuwa gefen abyss.

The asali na 1955 na asali ya ce: "Muna magana a wannan lokaci, ba a matsayin membobin wannan ko wannan al'umma ba, nahiyar, ko kuma akida, amma a matsayin 'yan Adam,"' yan kungiyoyin 'yan adam "wanda wanzuwar kasancewa cikin shakka."

Lokaci ya zo domin mu bauɗewa daga fahimtar ci gaban da kuma ci gaba da ɓatarwa wanda ya ɓatar da mu kuma ya kai mu ga hallaka.

Masu ilimi suna da alhakin jagoranci ta hanyar kwarewarsu na musamman da basira game da kimiyya, al'adu, da kuma tarihin tarihi wadanda suka haifar da yanayinmu. Tsakanin wata ƙungiya mai cin gashin kai wanda ke biyan bukatun ba tare da la'akari da sakamakon da kuma yawancin lokaci ba, ya ɓatar, kuma wasu lokuta ma'abuta kwatsam sun kasance masu ilimi a kowane bangare na binciken da kuma aiki. Ya damu da cewa yana da faɗi don ƙaddamar da hanzarin gaggawa da kayan aiki da kuma lalacewar halayen kullun. Lokaci ya zo don mu tayar da muryoyin mu a cikin kokari.

Saitunan farko

Noam Chomsky, farfesa farfesa, MIT

A watan Janairun da ya gabata ne aka motsa sanannen agogon ranar tashin kiyama mintuna biyu kusa da tsakar dare, mafi kusa da shi tun lokacin da wani babban yaki ya firgita shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Bayanin da ke tafe, wanda ya yi gargadin cewa barazanar yaki na nukiliya da kuma “canjin yanayi ba tare da wata damuwa ba” yana matukar barazana ga wayewar dan Adam, ya tuno da mummunan gargadi ga mutanen duniya shekaru 50 da suka gabata daga Bertrand Russell da Albert Einstein, suna kiransu fuskantar zabin da ke “tsayayye, mai ban tsoro kuma wanda ba za a iya kaucewa ba: Shin za mu kawo karshen’ yan Adam; Ko kuwa mutane za su rabu da yaƙi? ” A duk tarihin ɗan adam, ba a taɓa yin zaɓi kamar wanda muke fuskanta a yau ba.

Helen Caldicott, marubucin

Wannan dai shi ne Russell Einstein a kan barazanar yaki da makaman nukiliya 60 da suka wuce, wanda ya fara ni a kan tafiya don kokarin kawar da makaman nukiliya. Sai na karanta kuma in cinye nau'i uku na tarihin tarihin Russell wanda yake da tasiri mai ban sha'awa akan tunanin ni a matsayin yarinya.

Mahaifin ya kasance mai ban mamaki sosai da mutum biyu daga cikin manyan masanan duniya suka rubuta, kuma ina mamakin cewa duniya a wancan lokacin ba ta san wata sanarwa ba game da gargaɗin da suke yi, kuma a yau muna da umarnin girma a cikin hatsari fiye da yadda muka kasance shekaru 60 da suka wuce. Gwamnatoci na duniya har yanzu suna tunani a kan ka'idojin azaba da kashewa yayin da makaman nukiliya a Rasha da Amurka sun kasance a yau a kan gashin kansu da ke jawo hankalinsu, kuma wadannan masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya guda biyu suna yin amfani da makaman nukiliya a lokacin da ake rikicewar tashin hankalin duniya. yanayin Ukrainian da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Abin farin cikin gaske shine har yanzu muna nan a wannan duniyarmu mai kyau.

Larry Wilkerson, Kwamandan Sojoji na Amurka da tsohon shugaban ma'aikatansa zuwa Sakataren Gwamnati Colin Powell.

Daga tsakiyar Turai zuwa Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, daga Tekun Kudancin China har zuwa Arctic, rikice-rikice suna ta ƙaruwa yayin da masarautar da ke duniya ke fama da rikice-rikice a cikin ayyukan gefe-gefe galibi na abin da take yi kuma kamar yadda galibi ke lalata ikonta da lalata shugabancinta. Wannan, yayin da babban ƙalubalen da ɗan adam ke fuskanta - canjin yanayin duniya - yana barazanar bala'i ga kowa. Taskokin makaman nukiliya suna ƙara haɗari ga wannan yanayin da ya riga ya fashe. Mu mutane ba mu taɓa fuskantar ƙalubale mai ƙarfi ba – don haka a fili ba mai iya yin komai game da shi.

Benjamin R. Barber, shugaban, Majalisar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Mayors Project

Naomi Klein, marubucin Wannan Canje-canje Duk Komai

David Swanson, darekta, World Beyond War

John Feffer, darekta, Manufofin Kasashen waje a cikin Maida hankali

Emanuel Pastreich, darekta, Cibiyar Asiya

Leah Bolger, shugaban, kwamitin gudanarwa, World Beyond War

Ben Griffin, mai gudanarwa, Tsohon Sojojin Yammacin Birtaniya

Michael Nagler, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban, Cibiyar Metta ta Cibiyar Nonviolence

John Horgan, ɗan jaridar kimiyya & marubucin Ƙarshen War

Kevin Zeese, co-darekta, Mashahurin Resistance.

Margaret Flowers, MD, co-darektan Popular Resistance

Dahr Jamail, mai ba da rahoto na ma'aikata, Truthout

John Kiriakou, abokin hulɗa, Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci da CIA Torture Whistleblower

Kim Hyung yul, shugaban Cibiyar Asiya kuma farfesa a tarihi, Jami'ar Sook Myung

Choi Murim, farfesan magani, Jami'ar Kasa ta Seoul

Coleen Rowley, wakilin FBI mai ritaya da kuma tsohon Ministan Shari'a na Minneapolis

Ann Wright, Kanar din Sojan Amurka mai ritaya kuma tsohuwar jami’ar diflomasiyyar Amurka

Mike Madden, mataimakin shugaban kasa, Sojoji don Aminci, Babi na 27 (tsohon sojan saman Amurka)

Chante Wolf, shekara 12 na Sojan Sama, Garkuwan Garkuwa / Babban hadari, memba na babi na 27, Sojoji don Aminci

William Binney, tsohon darektan fasaha na NSA, Binciken Geopolitical & Military da kuma wanda ya kirkiro SIGINT Automation Research Center.

Jean Bricmont, farfesa, Jami'ar Catholique de Louvain