Ngu-Lawrence S. Wittner, Septhemba 18, 2017
Ingabe ubuzwe buye bathumba izinhliziyo nezingqondo zabantu emhlabeni?
Ngokuqinisekile kubonakala sengathi kuye kwavela njengamandla anamandla eminyakeni yamuva. Beshaya icilongo ukuphakama kwabo kwezwe kanye nenzondo yabantu bakwamanye amazwe, amaqembu ezepolitiki angakwesokudla benze intuthuko enkulu yezepolitiki kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1930s. Ngemuva kwempumelelo emangalisayo yakwesokudla, ngoJuni 2016, ekutholeni iningi labavoti baseBrithani ukuthi livumele i-Brexit ―ukuhoxa kweBritish ku-European Union (EU) ―ngisho namaqembu avamile aqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokubusa. Esebenzisa ingqungquthela yakhe ye-Conservative Party ukuze athole ukwesekwa kokushiya i-EU, iBritish UNdunankulu uTheresa May umemezele ngokwedelela: “Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uyisakhamuzi somhlaba, uyisakhamuzi esingekho ndawo.”
Ukutshekela ebuzweni obunonya kwabonakala ikakhulukazi e-United States, lapho uDonald Trump - phakathi kwezingoma ze-"USA, USA" ezivela kubasekeli bakhe abashisekayo - wathembisa "ukwenza iMelika ibe yinhle futhi" ngokwakha udonga lokuvimba abantu baseMexico, bavimbele ukungena. yamaSulumane ukuya e-United States, nokwandisa amandla ezempi ase-US. Kulandela ukunqoba kwakhe ukhetho okungalindelekile, UTrump utshele i-rally ngoDisemba 2016: “Alikho iculo lomhlaba wonke. Ayikho imali yomhlaba wonke. Asikho isitifiketi sobuzwe bomhlaba. Sithembisa ukwethembeka efulegeni elilodwa futhi lelo fulegi yifulegi laseMelika. " Ngemva kokuhalalisa okukhulu esixukwini, wanezela: “Kusukela manje kuqhubeke kuzoba: I-America First. Kulungile? IMelika kuqala. Sizozibeka phambili.”
Kodwa abashisekeli bobuzwe babhekana nezingqinamba ezinkulu ngo-2017. Okhethweni olwangoMashi eNetherlands, i-xenophobic Party for Freedom, nakuba yanikezwa ithuba lokunqoba ngochwepheshe bezombusazwe, ehlulwe ngokuzwakalayo. Kwenzeka okufanayo naseFrance, lapho, lowo Meyi, owayesanda kufika kwezombusazwe, u-Emmanuel Macron, ethula uMarine Le Pen, ikhandidethi ye-National Front ekude kwesokudla, okhethweni lwesikhundla sikamongameli ngevoti lama-2 kuya ku-1. Ngemva kwenyanga, ku ukhetho lwapalamende, Iqembu elisha likaMacron kanye nabalingani balo bathole izihlalo ezingama-350 ePhalamende Likazwelonke elinamalungu angama-577, kwathi i-National Front yathola eziyisi-9 kuphela. Theresa May, eqiniseka ukuthi umugqa wakhe omusha, oqinile ku-Brexit kanye nokwehlukana kweqembu eliphikisayo le-Labour Party uzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ze-Conservative Party yakhe, ebize ukhetho olusheshayo ngoJuni. Kodwa, okwashaqisa izingqapheli, amaTories alahlekelwa izihlalo, kanye neningi lawo ephalamende. Khonamanjalo, e-United States, izinqubomgomo zikaTrump zakhiqiza igagasi elikhulu lokumelana nomphakathi, kwakhe izilinganiso zokugunyaza okhethweni lwemibono lwehla lwafinyelela emazingeni angakaze abonwe kuMongameli omusha, futhi kwaba njalo uphoqeleke ukuthi ahlanze uSteve Bannon―ungqondongqondo ophambili wobuzwe emkhankasweni wakhe wokhetho nasekuphatheni kwakhe-evela e-White House.
Nakuba izici ezihlukahlukene zibe nomthelela ekunqotshweni kobuzwe, imibono esabalele yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuqinisekile yaba nendima. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso kaMacron wokuba ngumongameli, wahlasela kaningi ubuzwe obunomqondo omncane weNational Front, waveza ukuthi umbono wamazwe ngamazwe yeYurophu ebumbene enemingcele evulekile. EBrithani, ukwesekwa kukaMay okuqotho kweBrexit kubuyelwa emuva phakathi komphakathi, ikakhulukazi intsha ethanda amazwe ngamazwe.
Ngempela, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka izindinganiso zecosmopolitan ziye zaba ithonya elinamandla emibonweni yomphakathi. Ngokuvamile zilandelwa I-Diogenes, isazi sefilosofi saseClassical Greece, esabuza ukuthi sivelaphi, saphendula: “Ngiyisakhamuzi sezwe.” Umbono wazuza imali eyengeziwe ngokusabalala kokucabanga koLwazi. UTom Paine, othathwa njengomunye woFata Abasunguli baseMelika, wathatha indikimba yokwethembeka kuso sonke isintu encwadini yakhe. Amalungelo Omuntu (1791), ememezela: “Izwe lami ngumhlaba.” Imizwa efanayo yavezwa eminyakeni eyalandela ngo UWilliam Lloyd Garrison (“Izwe lami ngumhlaba; abantu bakithi bangabantu bonke”) Albert Einstein, kanye nenqwaba yabanye ongqondongqondo be-globalist. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaletha uhlelo lombuso wezwe onqenqemeni lokuwa, a ukunyakaza okukhulu komphakathi ithuthukiswe mayelana nombono "wezwe Elilodwa," nemikhankaso yokuba yisakhamuzi somhlaba kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezithola ukuthandwa okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba le nhlangano yehla lapho kuqala iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukucabangela kwayo okuyinhloko kobukhulu bomphakathi womhlaba kwaphikelela kuyiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye nemikhankaso yomhlaba wonke yokuthula, amalungelo abantu, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nanjengoba kuqubuke isiphithiphithi sobuzwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlolwa kwemibono kuye kwabika izinga eliqine kakhulu lokusekela ukuphikisa kwalo: ubuzwe bomhlaba. Ukuvota kubantu abangaphezu kuka-20,000 emazweni angu-18, olwenziwa yi-GlobeScan ye-BBC World Service kusukela ngoDisemba 2015 kuya ku-April 2016, bathole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-51 abaphendula azibona njengezakhamuzi zomhlaba wonke kunezakhamuzi zamazwe awo. Bekungokokuqala ngqa selokhu kwaqala ukulandelela umkhondo ngo-2001 ukuthi iningi lizizwe ngale ndlela.
Ngisho nase-United States, lapho abangaphansi kancane kwengxenye yabaphenduli baziveza njengezakhamuzi zomhlaba, umkhankaso kaTrump we-hyper-nationalist waheha kuphela. 46 amaphesenti emavotini akhelwe uMongameli, ngaleyo ndlela amnikeze cishe amavoti angaphansi kwezigidi ezintathu kunalawo atholwe ophikisana naye weDemocratic Alliance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibono ngaphambi nangemuva kokhetho lwembula ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika laliphikisana nohlelo lukaTrump olwaziwa kakhulu nolusekelwa kakhulu “lweMelika Okokuqala”—ukwakha udonga lomngcele phakathi kwe-United States neMexico. Uma kuziwa ezindabeni zabokufika, a Ucwaningo lweYunivesithi yaseQuinnipiac ezithathwe ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2017 bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-51 abavoti baseMelika aphikisana nomyalelo kaTrump wokumisa uhambo oluya e-United States emazweni ayisikhombisa agcwele amaSulumane, amaphesenti angama-60 aphikisana nokumiswa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zababaleki, futhi amaphesenti angama-70 aphikisa unomphela ukuvimbela ababaleki baseSyria ukuthi bathuthele e-United States. .
Sekukonke, abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele-kuhlanganise nabantu abaningi e-United States-akubona ubuzwe abashisekayo. Eqinisweni, bakhombisa izinga elimangalisayo lokusekela lokudlulela ngalé kwezwe-ke baye ekubeni isakhamuzi somhlaba.
UDkt Lawrence Wittner, ehlanganiswe ngu PeaceVoice, unguSolwazi Womlando ophumayo e-SUNY/Albany kanye nombhali we Ukubhekana neBhomu (I-Stanford University Press).
