Ibhalwe nguVijay Prashad, I-Tricontinental, May 9, 2022
Bazalwane abathandekayo,
Ngiyabingelela edeskini lika I-Tricontinental: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Komphakathi.
Imibiko emibili ebalulekile ikhishwe ngenyanga edlule, ingatholi ukunakwa okufanele. Mhla zizi-4 kuMbasa, iQembu Elisebenzayo le-Intergovernmental Working Group III umbiko yashicilelwa, ivusa ukusabela okuqinile kukaNobhala Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene u-António Guterres. Umbiko, yena wathi, 'uhide lwezithembiso zesimo sezulu eziphukile. Kuyifayela lehlazo, elibhala izithembiso ezingenalutho ezisibeka ngokuqinile endleleni ebheke emhlabeni ongaphili'. Ku-COP26, amazwe athuthukile wafunga ukusebenzisa amabhiliyoni angama-$100 ukuze i-Adaptation Fund isize amazwe asathuthuka avumelane nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Khonamanjalo, ngomhla zingama-25 kuMbasa, iStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) yakhipha minyaka yonke umbiko, ukuthola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi emhlabeni wonke kudlule ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngo-2, okokuqala ngqa ukuthi yeqe uphawu lwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Amazwe amahlanu asebenzisa imali enkulu kakhulu - i-United States, i-China, i-India, i-United Kingdom, ne-Russia - enze amaphesenti angama-2021 ale mali; I-United States, iyodwa, yenza amaphesenti angu-2 engqikithi yezindleko zezikhali.
Kukhona ukugeleza okungapheli kwemali yezikhali kodwa incane kunemali encane yokugwema inhlekelele yeplanethi.
Lelo gama elithi 'inhlekelele' alilona ihaba. UNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-Guterres usexwayise ngokuthi 'sisendleleni esheshayo yokubhekana nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu… sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka ukushisa iplanethi yethu'. Lawa magama asekelwe emaqinisweni aqukethwe embikweni weQembu Elisebenzayo lesi-III. Manje sekugxilile kurekhodi lesayensi ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo womlando wokucekela phansi okwenziwa endaweni yethu nesimo sezulu ulele ezifundeni ezinamandla kakhulu, eziholwa yi-United States. Kunenkulumompikiswano encane mayelana nalo mthwalo wemfanelo esikhathini esidlule, umphumela wempi enonya emelene nemvelo eyenziwa amandla onxiwankulu kanye nobukoloniyali.
Kodwa lomthwalo wemfanelo udlulela nasenkathini yethu yamanje. Ngomhla lu-1 kuMbasa, kwenziwa ucwaningo olusha eshicilelwe in Impilo Yeplanethi YeLancet okubonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-2017 'izizwe ezinemali ephezulu zinesibopho sokusebenzisa amaphesenti angu-74 okusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokweqile, okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi yi-USA (amaphesenti angu-27) kanye namazwe anengeniso ephezulu ye-EU-28 (amaphesenti angu-25)'. Ukusetshenziswa okweqile kwempahla emazweni aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ye-abiotic (amafutha ezinsalela, izinsimbi, namaminerali angewona awensimbi). I-China inesibopho sokusebenzisa amaphesenti angu-15 okusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezibonakalayo emhlabeni wonke kanti yonke i-Global South inesibopho samaphesenti angu-8 kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kulawa mazwe anengeniso ephansi kuqhutshwa kakhulu kusetshenziswa izinsiza ze-biotic (i-biomass). Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinsiza ze-abiotic kanye ne-biotic usikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezeqile ezivela e-Global South kuyavuseleleka kakhulu, kuyilapho lokho kwezifunda zaseNyakatho ne-Atlantic kungavuseleleki.
Ukungenelela okunjalo bekufanele kube semakhasini okuqala amaphephandaba omhlaba, ikakhulukazi eGlobal South, futhi okutholakele kwaphikiswana kakhulu eziteshini zethelevishini. Kodwa kwakungakhulunywa ngakho. Kufakazela ngokuqinile ukuthi amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu eNyakatho ye-Atlantic acekela phansi iplanethi, ukuthi adinga ukuguqula izindlela zawo, nokuthi adinga ukukhokha ezikhwameni ezahlukahlukene zokulungisa kanye nokunciphisa ukusiza amazwe angadali inkinga kodwa lokho. bahlushwa umthelela wako.
Ngemva kokwethula imininingwane, izazi ezabhala leli phepha ziphawula ukuthi 'amazwe anemali eningi anomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuwohloka kwemvelo emhlabeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho anesikweletu semvelo emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zizwe kumele zihole ekwenzeni ukuncipha okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza zazo ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka okwengeziwe, okungenzeka kudinge izindlela eziguqukayo zangemuva kokukhula nokuwohloka'. Lena imicabango ethokozisayo: 'ukunciphisa okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza' kanye 'nezindlela zangemuva kokukhula nokuwohloka'.
Izifundazwe zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic - eziholwa yi-United States - yizona ezisebenzisa imali enkulu kakhulu yengcebo yezenhlalo ezingalweni. IPentagon - amasosha ase-US - 'isengabasebenzisi bakawoyela abakhulu kakhulu', uthi ucwaningo lweNyuvesi yaseBrown, 'futhi ngenxa yalokho, omunye wabakhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa ephezulu emhlabeni'. Ukuze wenze i-United States nabasekeli bayo basayine i-Kyoto Protocol ngo-1997, amazwe angamalungu e-UN kwadingeka ukuvumela ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okwenziwa amasosha ukuze kungafakwa embikweni kazwelonke wokukhishwa kwesisi.
Inhlamba yalezi zindaba ingacaciswa ngokuqhathanisa amanani amabili emali. Okokuqala, ngo-2019, iZizwe Ezihlangene ibalwa ukuthi igebe lonyaka lokuthola imali ukuze kufezwe Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme (ama-SDG) lifinyelele ku-$2.5 trillion. Ukuguqula imali eyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamaRandi ezindleko zezempi zomhlaba wonke kuma-SDGs kuzohamba ibanga elide ekubhekaneni nokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwesithunzi somuntu: indlala, ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ukungabi nazindlu, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, njalonjalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapha, ukuthi inani lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili le-SIPRI alibandakanyi ukuchithwa kwempilo yonke yengcebo yomphakathi enikezwa abakhiqizi bezikhali abazimele bezinhlelo zezikhali. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwezikhali lwe-Lockheed Martin F-2 kulindeleke ukuthi lube izindleko cishe ama- $ 2 trillion.
Ngo-2021, umhlaba wasebenzisa ngaphezulu kwama- $ 2 trillion empini, kodwa kuphela izimali - futhi lesi sibalo esivulekile - amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-750 kumandla ahlanzekile nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Isamba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yamandla ngo-2021 yayingu-$1.9 trillion, kodwa ingxenye enkulu yalolo tshalomali yaya kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi (uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, namalahle). Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kumafutha emvelo kuyaqhubeka futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezikhali kuyenyuka, kuyilapho ukutshalwa kwezimali okuya ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zamandla ahlanzekile kuhlala kunganele.
Ngomhla zingama-28 kuMbasa, uMongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden Ebuzwa I-US Congress izohlinzeka ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-33 ukuze izinhlelo zezikhali zithunyelwe e-Ukraine. Isicelo salezi zimali siza kanye nezitatimende ezishubile ezenziwe nguNobhala Wezokuvikela waseMelika uLloyd Austin, owathi wathi ukuthi i-US ayizami ukususa amabutho aseRussia e-Ukraine kodwa 'ibona iRussia iba buthaka'. Ukuphawula kuka-Austin akufanele kumangaze. Ifana ne-US inqubomgomo kusukela ngo-2018, obekuwukuvimbela iChina neRussia eba 'izimbangi eziseduze'. Amalungelo abantu awakona okukhathazayo; okugxilwe kukho ukuvimbela noma iyiphi inselele ku-US hegemony. Ngaleso sizathu, ingcebo yomphakathi ichithwa ngezikhali futhi ayisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga zesintu.
Cabangela indlela i-United States eye yasabela ngayo ku- ukuphatha phakathi kweSolomon Islands neChina, omakhelwane ababili. UNdunankulu waseSolomon Islands uManase Sogavare wathi ukuthi lesi sivumelwano besifuna ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kwezentengiselwano nokusiza abantu, hhayi ukulwa kwePacific Ocean. Ngalo lolo suku lwenkulumo kaNdunankulu uSogavare, ithimba lezikhulu zaseMelika lafika enhlokodolobha yezwe iHoniara. Bona utshele UNdunankulu uSogavare ukuthi uma amaShayina esungula noma yiluphi uhlobo 'lokufakwa kwezempi', i-United States 'izobe isiba nokukhathazeka okukhulu futhi iphendule ngokufanele'. Lezi kwakuyizinsongo ezisobala. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseShayina u-Wang Wenbin wathi, 'Amazwe ayiziqhingi aseNingizimu Pacific ayizifundazwe ezizimele nezizimele, hhayi ngemuva kwe-US noma i-Australia. Umzamo wabo wokuvuselela i-Monroe Doctrine esifundeni saseNingizimu Pacific ngeke uthole ukwesekwa futhi ungaholela ndawo'.
ISolomon Islands inenkumbulo ende yomlando wobukoloniyali base-Australia naseBrithani kanye nezibazi zokuhlolwa kwebhomu le-athomu. Umkhuba 'wokukhwabanisa' wathumba izinkulungwane zabantu baseSolomon Island ukuze bayolima emasimini omoba eQueensland, e-Australia ngekhulu le-19, ekugcineni kwaholela ekuvukeleni kweKwaio ngo-1927 eMalaita. ISolomon Islands ilwe kanzima ngokumelene nokuba amasosha, yokuvota ngo-2016 nomhlaba ukuvimbela izikhali zenuzi. Isifiso sokudla 'igceke' lase-United States noma i-Australia akukho. Lokho kwacaca enkondlweni ekhanyayo ethi 'Izimpawu Zokuthula' (1974) yomlobi waseSolomon Islands uCelestine Kulagoe:
Ikhowe liyamila
isiqhingi esomile sasepacific
Ihlakazeka emkhathini
Kushiya insalela yamandla kuphela
okuwukukhohlisa
ukuthula nokulondeka
indoda ibambelele.
Ekuseni ngovivi
ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva
uthando lwathola injabulo
ethuneni elingenalutho
isiphambano sokhuni sehlazo
siguqulelwe sibe uphawu
wenkonzo yothando
ukuthula.
Ekushiseni kwelanga kuthuleke
ifulegi le-UN liyandizela
kufihlwe emehlweni
amabhanela kazwelonke
ngaphansi kwaliphi
hlala amadoda abophe izibhakela
ukusayina ukuthula
izivumelwano.
ngokufudumele,
Vijay
