NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Januwari 24, 2023
Incwadi kaTariq Ali, UWinston Churchill: Izikhathi Zakhe, Amacala Akhe, iphikisana kahle kakhulu nenkulumo-ze enganembile ngoWinston Churchill eyinto evamile. Kodwa ukuze ujabulele le ncwadi, kufanele futhi ubheke umlando wabantu ozulazulayo wekhulu lama-20 kanye nezihloko ezihlukahlukene ezithakaselayo uTariq Ali, okuhlanganisa inkolelo ethile kukho kokubili ubukhomanisi kanye nokufudumala (kanye nokunganaki isenzo esingenalo ubudlova esivela kumbhali uye wakhuthaza imibuthano yokuthula), ngoba iningi lencwadi alikhulumi ngokuqondile ngoWinston Churchill. (Mhlawumbe ngezingxenye ezikhuluma ngoChurchill ungathola inguqulo ye-elekthronikhi futhi useshe igama lakhe.)
UChurchill wayengumsekeli oqhoshayo, ongaphenduki, wesikhathi eside esekela ubandlululo, ubukoloni, ukuqothulwa kohlanga, impi, izikhali zamakhemikhali, izikhali zenuzi, nonya oluvamile, futhi wayezikhukhumeza ngokungenamahloni ngakho konke. Wayengumphikisi ononya wanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa noma ukunwetshwa kwentando yeningi, kusukela ekunwebeni ivoti kwabesifazane ukuya phambili. Wayezondwa kakhulu, evame ukuthethiswa futhi ebhikisha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ehlaselwa ngobudlova, eNgilandi ngesikhathi sakhe, enganakile ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba wonke, ngokuhlukumeza kwakhe abantu abasebenzayo, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi basezimayini ababetelekile ayesebenza nabo ezempi, ngisho nokufudumeza kwakhe.
UChurchill, njengoba kubhalwe ngu-Ali, ukhule ethanda uMbuso WaseBrithani lapho ukufa kwakhe wayezodlala indima enkulu. Wayecabanga ukuthi izigodi zase-Afghan zidinga “ukususwa ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi ezizihlaselayo” (okusho abantu). Wayefuna kusetshenziswe izikhali zamakhemikhali ngokumelene “nezinhlanga ezincane.” Abangaphansi kwakhe bamisa amakamu okuhlushwa asabekayo eKenya. Wayewazonda amaJuda, futhi ngawo-1920 wazwakala engenakuhlukaniswa noHitler, kodwa kamuva wakholelwa ukuthi amaJuda ayephakeme ngokwanele kunabasePalestine ukuthi laba bamuva akufanele babe namalungelo ngaphezu kwezinja ezilahlekile. Wabamba iqhaza ekudaleni indlala eBengal, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okuncane ngokuphila komuntu. Kodwa wayethanda ukusebenzisa udlame lwezempi ngezindlela ezilinganiselwe ngokumelene nabaseBrithani, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-Irish, ababhikishi ngokumelene nabaqoqwe kude kakhulu.
UChurchill waqondisa ngokucophelela uhulumeni waseBrithani eMpini Yezwe I, elwa namathuba ahlukahlukene okuyigwema noma ukuyiqeda. Le ndaba (emakhasini 91-94, kanye ne-139 ka-Ali) ngokuqinisekile ayaziwa kancane, njengoba abaningi bevuma ukuthi iWWI yayingagwenywa kalula ngenkathi becabanga ukuthi ukuqhubeka kwayo ku-WWII kwakungeke kube (naphezu kokuthi uChurchill ethi kungenzeka) . UChurchill nguyena owabangela inhlekelele ebulalayo yaseGallipoli, kanye nomzamo oyinhlekelele wokuqothula lapho ezalwa lokho ayezokubona ngokushesha futhi kusukela manje njengesitha sakhe esiphezulu, iSoviet Union, ayefuna ukuyisebenzisa, futhi wasebenzisa ubuthi. igesi. UChurchill usize ukudweba iMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukudala izizwe nezinhlekelele ezindaweni ezifana ne-Iraq.
UChurchill wayengumsekeli wokwanda kwe-fascism, umlandeli omkhulu kaMussolini, ehlatshwe umxhwele uHitler, umsekeli omkhulu kaFranco ngisho nangemva kwempi, futhi engumsekeli wokusetshenziswa kwamafascism ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ngemva kwempi. Ngokufanayo wayengumsekeli wokukhuphuka kwezempi eJapane njengesivikelo ngokumelene neSoviet Union. Kodwa lapho esenqume nge-WWII, wayekukhuthalele ukugwema ukuthula njengoba ayekade enza neWWI. (Akudingekile ukusho, iningi labantu baseNtshonalanga namuhla likholelwa ukuthi wayeqinisile kuleso senzakalo sakamuva, ukuthi lo mculi wenothi elilodwa ekugcineni wayethole i-symphony yomlando ayedingeka kuyo. Ukuthi lokhu kuyiphutha kuyiphutha ingxoxo ende.)
UChurchill wahlasela futhi wabhubhisa ukuphikiswa kobuNazi eGreece futhi wafuna ukwenza iGrisi ikoloni laseBrithani, edala impi yombango eyabulala abantu abangaba ngu-600,000. UChurchill wakuthokozela ukwehliswa kwezikhali zenuzi eJapan, waphikisana nokuhlakazwa koMbuso WaseBrithani zonke izinyathelo zendlela, wasekela ukubhujiswa kweNyakatho Korea, futhi wayengumgqugquzeli wokuvukela umbuso wase-US e-Iran ngo-1953 okubuyisela emuva kulokhu. usuku.
Konke lokhu okungenhla kubhalwe kahle ngu-Ali futhi okuningi kwakho kubhalwe ngabanye futhi okuningi kwakho kwaziwa kahle, kodwa nokho uChurchill wethulwa kithi emshinini we-infotainment wamakhompyutha ethu namathelevishini njengomvikeli obalulekile wentando yeningi nobuhle.
Kukhona amanye amaphuzu ambalwa engimangale ngokungawatholi encwadini ka-Ali.
UChurchill wayengumsekeli omkhulu we-eugenics kanye nokuvala inzalo. Bengingathanda ukufunda leso sahluko.
Bese kuba nendaba yokuthola i-United States ku-WWI. I I-Lusitania wahlaselwa iJalimane ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, sitshelwa ezincwadini zombhalo zase-US, naphezu kokuthi iJalimane yayishicilele izixwayiso emaphephandabeni aseNew York nasemaphephandabeni azungeze i-United States. Lezi zixwayiso kwaba ephrintiwe eduze kwezikhangiso zokuhamba ngomkhumbi I-Lusitania futhi asayinwa yinxusa laseGerman. Amaphephandaba abhale izindatshana ezikhuluma ngalezi zixwayiso. Inkampani yeCunard yabuzwa ngalezi zixwayiso. Ukaputeni wangaphambili we I-Lusitania base bevele beyekile - kubikwa ukuthi kungenxa yengcindezi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi kulokho iJalimane eyayikumemezele esidlangalaleni indawo yempi. Ngaleso sikhathi uWinston Churchill wabhala kuMongameli WeBhodi Yezohwebo YaseBrithani, “Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuheha imikhumbi engathathi hlangothi ukuthi ize ogwini lwethu ngethemba ikakhulukazi lokuhlanganyela i-United States neJalimane.” Kwakungaphansi komyalo wakhe ukuthi isivikelo sezempi saseBrithani asizange sinikezwe I-Lusitania, naphezu kokuba uCunard eshilo ukuthi wayethembele kuleso sivikelo. Ukuthi I-Lusitania yayiphethe izikhali namasosha ukusiza amaNgisi empini yokulwa neJalimane kwagonyelwa yiJalimane nabanye ababebukele, futhi kwakuyiqiniso. Ukucwila I-Lusitania kwakuyisenzo esinyantisayo sokubulawa kwabantu abaningi, kodwa kwakungesona isimanga sokuhlasela okubi ngokumelene nobuhle obumsulwa, futhi senziwa ukwehluleka kwebutho lasolwandle likaChurchill ukuba libe lapho kwakufanele libe khona.
Bese kuba nendaba yokuthola i-United States ku-WWII. Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi isenzo esilungile kunazo zonke ezake zathathwa yinoma ubani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kwakuhilela ukwakhiwa okuhlangene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemibhalo engumgunyathi kanye namanga, njengemephu yomgunyathi yezinhlelo zamaNazi zokuqopha iNingizimu Melika noma icebo lomgunyathi lamaNazi ukususa inkolo emhlabeni. Imephu okungenani yayiwukudalwa kwenkulumo-ze yaseBrithani enikezwe i-FDR. Ngo-August 12, 1941, uRoosevelt wahlangana ngasese noChurchill eNewfoundland futhi wadweba i-Atlantic Charter, eyayichaza izinjongo zempi yempi i-United States eyayingakayitholi ngokusemthethweni. UChurchill wacela uRoosevelt ukuba ahlanganyele empini ngokushesha, kodwa wenqabile. Ngemva kwalomhlangano oyimfihlo, ngo-August 18th, uChurchill wahlangana nekhabhinethi yakhe emuva ku-10 Downing Street eLondon. UChurchill utshele iKhabhinethi yakhe, ngokwamaminithi ukuthi: “UMongameli [waseMelika] wayethe uzoyilwa impi kodwa angayimemezela, nokuthi uzocasuka kakhulu. Uma amaJalimane engakuthandi, angahlasela amabutho aseMelika. Konke kwakufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuphoqwe ‘isigameko’ esingaholela empini.” (Icashunwe yiCongresswoman uJeanette Rankin kuyi-Congressional Record, December 7, 1942.) Abasakazi benkulumo-ze baseBrithani baye baphikisana kusukela okungenani ngo-1938 ngokusebenzisa iJapane ukuze ilethe i-United States empini. EMhlanganweni Wase-Atlantic ngo-August 12, 1941, uRoosevelt waqinisekisa uChurchill ukuthi i-United States izoletha ukucindezeleka kwezomnotho eJapane. Empeleni, phakathi nesonto, i-Economic Defence Board yaqala unswinyo lwezomnotho. Ngo-September 3, 1941, uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika wathumela iJapane isicelo sokuba yamukele isimiso “sokungaphazanyiswa isimo esikhona ePacific,” okusho ukuthi iyeke ukushintsha amakoloni aseYurophu abe amakoloni aseJapane. Ngo-September 1941 umshini wokunyathelisa waseJapane wathukuthela ngokuthi i-United States yayisiqale ukuthumela uwoyela idlula eJapane ukuze ifike eRussia. IJapan, amaphephandaba ayo athi, ibifa kancane kancane ngenxa “yempi yezomnotho.” NgoSeptemba, 1941, uRoosevelt wamemezela inqubomgomo "yokudubula ngokubona" kunoma yimiphi imikhumbi yaseJalimane noma yase-Italy emanzini ase-US.
UChurchill wavimba iJalimane ngaphambi kwe-WWII ngenhloso ecacile yokufa abantu ngendlala - isenzo esilahlwe uMongameli wase-US uHerbert Hoover, kanye nesenzo esavimbela iJalimane ekuxosheni owaziyo ukuthi bangaki amaJuda nezinye izisulu zamakamu awo okufa kamuva - ababaleki. UChurchill wenqabile ukuphuma ngobuningi babo kwathi uma befika beyingcosana wabavalela.
UChurchill naye waba nesandla ekulungiseni ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ezindaweni ezihloselwe umphakathi. Ngo-March 16, 1940, amabhomu aseJalimane abulala isakhamuzi saseBrithani. Ngo-April 12, 1940, iJalimane yasola iBrithani ngokuqhumisa ibhomu ujantshi wesitimela eSchleswig-Holstein, kude nanoma iyiphi indawo yempi; IBrithani inqatshiwe yona. Ngo-April 22, 1940, eBrithani ibhomu E-Oslo, eNorway. Ngo-April 25, 1940, iBrithani yaqhumisa ibhomu idolobha laseJalimane iHeide. EJalimane esatshiswa ukuqhumisa amabhomu izakhamuzi zaseBrithani uma ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kweBrithani ezindaweni ezihlala abantu kuqhubeka. Ngo-May 10, 1940, iJalimane yahlasela iBelgium, iFrance, iLuxembourg, neNetherlands. Ngo-May 14, 1940, iJalimane yaqhumisa ngamabhomu izakhamuzi zaseDashi eRotterdam. Ngo-May 15, 1940, nangezinsuku ezalandela, iBrithani yaqhumisa ngamabhomu izakhamuzi zaseJalimane eGelsenkirchen, Hamburg, Bremen, Cologne, Essen, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, naseHanover. UChurchill uthe, "Kufanele silindele ukuthi leli zwe lizoshaywa." Futhi ngoMeyi 15, uChurchill wayala ukuthi kuhlanganiswe futhi kuboshwe ngemuva kocingo oluhlabayo “lwabafokazi abayizitha kanye nabantu abasolwayo,” iningi labo okwakungababaleki abangamaJuda abasanda kufika. NgoMeyi 30, 1940, iKhabhinethi yaseBrithani yaphikisana ngokuthi iqhubeke impi noma yenze ukuthula, futhi yanquma ukuqhubeka nempi. Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kwezakhamuzi kwanda ukusuka lapho, futhi kwanda kakhulu ngemva kokuba i-United States ingene empini. I-United States neBrithani bashaya amadolobha aseJalimane. I-United States yashisa amadolobha aseJapane; izakhamuzi “zashiswa zabiliswa zabhakwa zaze zafa” ngokwamazwi kaGeneral Curtis LeMay waseMelika.
Bese kuba nendaba yalokho uChurchill ahlongoza ekupheleni kweWWII. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzinikela kweJalimane, uWinston Churchill ehlongozwayo esebenzisa amabutho amaNazi kanye namasosha ahlangene ukuze ahlasele iSoviet Union, isizwe esasisanda kwenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokunqoba amaNazi. Lesi bekungesona isiphakamiso sangaphandle. I-US kanye namaBrithani ayefune futhi azuza ukuzinikela okuyingxenye yamaJalimane, ayegcine amasosha aseJalimane ehlomile futhi ekulungele, futhi ayexoxile abalawuli baseJalimane ngezifundo ezifundwe ekuhlulekeni kwabo ngokumelene namaRussia. Ukuhlasela amaRussia ngokushesha kunokuba kube umbono owakhuthazwa uJenene George Patton, kanye no-Admiral Karl Donitz ongene esikhundleni sikaHitler, ingasaphathwa eka-Allen Dulles kanye ne-OSS. UDulles wenza ukuthula okuhlukile neJalimane e-Italy ukuze anqume amaRussia, futhi waqala ukucekela phansi intando yeningi eYurophu ngokushesha futhi wanikeza amandla amaNazi angaphambili eJalimane, kanye nokuwangenisa ebuthweni laseMelika ukuze agxile ekulweni neRussia. Lapho amasosha ase-US naweSoviet ehlangana okokuqala eJalimane, ayengakatshelwa ukuthi ayesempini. Kodwa engqondweni kaWinston Churchill babenjalo. Engakwazi ukuqala impi eshisayo, yena noTruman nabanye baqala ebandayo.
Asikho isidingo sokubuza ukuthi lesi silo somuntu saba kanjani ungcwele we-Rules Based Order. Noma yini ingenziwa ikholwe ngokuphindaphinda okungapheli kanye nokweqiwa. Umbuzo okufanele uwubuze ukuthi kungani. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi impendulo iqondile. Inganekwane eyisisekelo yazo zonke izinganekwane zokuhlukile kwe-US yi-WWII, ubuhle bayo obukhazimulayo bobuqhawe. Kodwa lokhu kuyinkinga kubalandeli be-Republican Political Party abangafuni ukukhulekela i-FDR noma i-Truman. Ngakho-ke uChurchill. Ungamthanda uTrump noma uBiden KANYE NECHURCHILL. Wakhelwe ekubeni yinganekwane ayiyo ngesikhathi seMpi yaseFalklands kanye noThatcher noReagan. Inganekwane yakhe yengezwe phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sempi yase-Iraq ngo-2003. Manje ngokuthula okungakhulumeki eWashington DC udlulela esikhathini esizayo ngengozi encane yokuphazamisa irekhodi langempela.
