by UTom Dispatch, NgoJuni 17,2021
Cishe eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva, umyalo ophakeme wamasosha ase-US usekhona bengingafuni shiya izwe lapho bephendukele khona "emakhoneni" amaningi ngokuhlaba umxhwele phakathi "kwenqubekela phambili" isikhathi eside. Bakwenze kwacaca kakhulu kuMongameli Biden ukuthi bona wayefuna ukwenza "ukuba khona okungenani kwamabutho amancane" e-Afghanistan. Yize kunjalo wenqabe iseluleko sabo, wayala ukuthi kuhoxiswe ngokuphelele amabutho ase-US. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu, impumelelo isondele (ingunaphakade)! Kakade, ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, uGeneral John Nicholson, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumkhuzi wamabutho aseMelika lapho, wayesalokhu egcizelela ukuthi i-US namasosha ase-Afghanistan ayewasekela ekugcineni “asejikile” futhi “asendleleni eya empumelelweni.” Njengoba Inqubomgomo Yangaphandle kubikwe ngaleso sikhathi, wayengumkhuzi wesishiyagalombili owenza isimangalo esinjalo, kufaka phakathi Jikelele uStanley McChrystal e 2010 futhi UJenene David Petraeus ngo-2011. Ubani owayazi ukuthi kwakunamakhona amaningi kakhulu angajika kuleliya lizwe - noma, ngalokho, ku ngokufanayo yahlasela i-Iraq?
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, cishe emashumini amabili eminyaka ngemuva kokuba uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush eyalele ukuhlaselwa kwe-Afghanistan, umphathi wamanje waseMelika owayesebenza isikhathi eside kunabo bonke lapho, uGeneral Austin “Scott” Miller, akakazitholi isikweletu ngokujika kwelinye ekhoneni elilodwa. Konke ayikho bathi (okungaqondakali nakancane) ukuthi amabutho ase-US "azophuma ebheke phezulu." Ezikhathini ezingezinhle neze ebezingabizwa ngokuthi “ukwehlulwa.” Okwamanje, funa ucabange ukuthi alikho ithemba nhlobo, i-CIA iyaqhubeka nokusesha ngezindlela zokugcina impi yaseMelika iqhubeka, noma ngabe isuka emazweni angomakhelwane noma nge-drone evela ePersian Gulf. (Yebo, iPersian Gulf, kusele amahora ayisishiyagalolunye!)
Futhi cabanga lokho nje ukufingqwa okuncane kwempi, isitayela saseMelika, ngekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye leminyaka. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngokwehluleka okungapheli - kuseza okuningi uma i-Afghan esekelwa yiWashington uhulumeni uyawa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeTaliban ekhulayo - okungekho noyedwa obandakanyekayo ongake acabange ukuthatha umthwalo omncane kunayo yonke.
Ukaputeni we-Air Force osethathe umhlalaphansi futhi TomDispatch Njalo UWilliam Astore uqokomisa lelo qiniso namuhla, ngenkathi ebuza ukuthi ngubani kuleli, ekugcineni, ozoboshelwa icala lawo wonke amakhona ashiywe engaphendulwanga, hhayi e-Afghanistan kuphela kodwa empini engapheli ye-US yalesi sikhathi yokwesaba okukhulu izingxenye ze-Greater Middle East ne-Afrika. Isazi-mlando kanye nombhali ngokubambisana we IHindenburg: Isithonjana Sezempi YaseJalimane, usikhumbuza namhlanje ukuthi yini engenzeka lapho icala lokwehlulwa empini kufakazelwa ukuthi liyabanjwa. Tom
IMelika Iyazigwaza Emuva
Amaqiniso aqinile adingeka kakhulu mayelana nezimpi ezilahlekile zaseMelika
Abantu baseMelika kungenzeka ukuthi sebevele bazikhohlisa ngokwabo ngokusala okuncane kwentando yeningi yabo.
Amanga amakhulu ahlanganisa futhi ashukumise amaRephabliki anamuhla, yiqiniso, ukuthi uDonald Trump, hhayi uJoe Biden, uwine ukhetho lukaMongameli lwango-2020. Amanye amanga amakhulu esikhathini sethu esedlule afaka umbono wokuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu akulutho ngaphandle kwenkohliso yamaShayina, ukuthi iRussia yiyona ebhekele ukwehlulwa kokhetho lukaHillary Clinton ngo-2016, nokuthi ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq ngo-2003 kwakudingeka ngoba umholi walelo zwe, uSaddam Hussein, wayenokuthintana nokuhlaselwa okungu-9/11 (akazange!) futhi wayenezikhali zokubhubhisa eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-United States, "i-slam dunk”Iqiniso, ngokusho koMqondisi we-CIA ngaleso sikhathi uGeorge Tenet (kwakungeyona!).
Lawo namanye amanga, amakhulu namancane, kanye nenkohlakalo ehlelekile eWashington yikho kanye ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi baseMelika behlelwe yithemba. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngo-2016, labo "badabukisayo" bafika ngokuphelelwa yithemba kumuntu owayengewona umkhiqizo wesiko laseBeltway laseWashington. Izikhathi zokuphelelwa yithemba zidala izenzo zokuphelelwa yithemba, kufaka phakathi ukugcotshwa a wehlulekile umnikazi wekhasino futhi uqedele indoda efanelekile njengomsindisi ogqoke i-MAGA-cap America. Njengomongameli wama-45, uDonald Trump wabeka i- irekhodi ngamanga okungenzeka ukuthi ahlala enganqandeki "kubukhulu" bawo - noma kunjalo kufanele sethembe noma kunjalo.
Ngokudabukisayo, abantu baseMelika babekezelele ngokuphawulekayo amanga aqotho, ngokuvamile babakhetha kunamaqiniso angathandeki. Akukho ndawo lapho lokhu kungabonakala khona ngokucacile ukwedlula endaweni yezempi engihlale kuyo impilo yami yonke. Ukulimala kokuqala kwempi, ngakho-ke kuthiwa, kuyiqiniso, futhi njengoba leli lizwe lihlala njalo empini, siyaqhubeka nokuhlukumeza iqiniso futhi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngempi, nanka ambalwa amanga ethu aseMelika yonke: ukuthi leli zwe liphuza ukuthukuthela ngoba sikhetha ukuthula, noma ngabe izimpi zivame ukudingeka, yingakho iMelika ethanda ukuthula kufanele ibe nayo “okuhle kakhulu” emhlabeni futhi kude kakhulu ebiza kakhulu ezempi emhlabeni; ukuthi ibutho elinjalo nje lingamandla ahlukile enkululeko ePlanethi Yomhlaba; ukuthi ilwa ngokuzidela “ukukhulula abacindezelweyo”(Isiqubulo Samabutho Akhethekile) kodwa ungalokothi uqhubekisele phambili izifiso zombuso noma ezinye izindlela zobugovu.
Kumandla amakhulu athanda ukuguqula imisipha yawo yezempi, amanga anjalo empeleni ayingxenye yesifundo. Cabanga ngabo, empeleni, njengoba ukukhishwa kukahulumeni (GI) amanga. Njengesazi-mlando esibheke esikhathini esizayo, okungikhathaza kakhulu ngamanga amabili acashile okwathi, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1930, aholela ekuweni kwentando yeningi eyayisafufusa eWeimar Germany, amanga ukuthi wona ngendlela yawo asiza ukwenza ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe nokuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezilungile (okungukuthi, ezingalungile), nazo zingaba ezethu. Yimaphi lawo manga amabili?
Amanga Abuhlungu AseJalimane Ngemuva KweMpi Yezwe I
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, amasosha aseJalimane azama ukunqoba amabutho ahlangene aseBrithani, eFrance, eRussia, futhi kamuva nase-United States, phakathi kweminye imibuso, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye “eboshelwa isidumbu,” njengoba omunye ujenene waseJalimane echaza umlingani omkhulu wezwe lakhe , uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary. Maphakathi no-1916, uMbuso Wesibili WaseJalimane oholwa nguKaiser Wilhelm II, empeleni waba umbuso wobushiqela wamasosha owawuzinikele ekunqobeni ngokuphelele nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wona lowo mbutho waqhutshwa ukukhathala ngabaphathi bawo. Lapho sekusele kancane ukuwa, ojenene bayo bageza izandla zabo zomthwalo wemfanelo futhi bavumela osopolitiki ukuthi bacele ukuthula. Kepha nangaphambi kokuba izibhamu zithule ngoNovemba 11, 1918, izakhi ezithile zokuphendula ngaphakathi ezweni zase zivele zilolonga amanga amabili amakhulu futhi ahlobene nalawo azosiza ukukhuphuka kwe-demagogue nokuqala kwempi yezwe eyinhlekelele kakhulu.
Amanga okuqala amakhulu ukuthi ibutho laseJalimane, ngaleso sikhathi elalibhekwa njengelicokeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni (elizwakala lijwayelekile?), Lavela eMpini Yezwe I linganqotshwa ensimini, amasosha alo iqembu lamaqhawe limbozwe ngenkazimulo. Lawo manga ayengasetshenziswa ngoba neJalimane ngokwalo yayingazange ihlaselwe eMpini Yezwe I; impi embi kunazo zonke yenzeka eFrance, eBelgium naseRussia. Bekubhekeke futhi ngoba abaholi bayo bezempi babeqambe amanga kubantu ngenqubekela phambili eyenziwayo ekunqobeni. (Lokhu kufanele futhi kuzwakale kujwayelekile ezindlebeni zesikhathi samanje zaseMelika.) Ngakho-ke, lapho labo baholi abaphezulu ekugcineni befaka ithawula ngasekupheleni kuka-1918, kwaba yinto eshaqisayo kwabaningi baseJalimane, ababedliswe ukudla okuqhubekayo "kwenqubekela phambili," ngenkathi kwacishwa izindaba zokuhlehla okukhulu eWestern Front.
Amanga amakhulu wesibili alandela kwelokuqala. Ngoba uma umuntu amukela inganekwane "enganqotshwa ensimini", njengoba kwenza amaJalimane amaningi, pho-ke ngubani owayenecala lokwehlulwa kwamasosha amahle kakhulu emhlabeni? Hhayi ojenene baseJalimane, kunjalo. Ngempela, ngo-1919, eholwa nguField Marshal UPaul von Hindenburg, bona labo jenene bangasho ngenkani ukuthi labo bantu abangathembekile ekhaya - isitha esingaphakathi - bakha itulo lokukhaphela amabutho amaqhawe ezwe. Yazalwa kanjalo i- “ukugwaza-ngemuva”Inganekwane eyabeka icala kubathengisi ngaphakathi, kuyilapho yayisuswa kalula uKaiser kanye nojenene bakhe.
Babengobani-ke labo ababebanga izinto emuva eJalimane? Abasolwa abajwayelekile baqoqwa: ikakhulukazi abezenhlalakahle, abamaMarx, abalwa nempi, abashisekeli bezempi, kanye nabahlomuli bempi bohlobo oluthile (kepha hhayi abenzi bezikhali abanjengoKrupp Family). Ngokushesha ngokwanele, amaJuda aseJalimane azobanjwa neminwe ngabantu base-gutter abanjengo-Adolf Hitler, ngoba kuthiwa babewunqamula umsebenzi wabo wokusebenza ezinhlwini. Lokhu kwakungamanye futhi amanga alula aphikisayo, kepha wonke amaJalimane amaningi, abenxanelwe ukuthola ama-scapegoats futhi ngokungangabazeki ayenenkani, azibonakalisa elangazelela ukukholelwa lawo manga.
Lawa manga amabili amakhulu futhi acashile aholele ekucindezelweni okuphelele kweWeimar Germany kwabasosha abanjengoHindenburg noGeneral Erich Ludendorff ababebhekene kakhulu nokwehlulwa kwezwe. Amanga anjalo aphehla intukuthelo futhi aqeda izikhalazo zabantu baseJalimane, enza indawo evundile yamanga asabekayo. Esimweni sokwesaba okuqhutshwa ukuntengantenga okukhulu kwezomnotho okwakulethwe yiKuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho ngonyaka we-1929, umuntu owayekade eyisiphetho wathola izwi lakhe nezethameli zakhe. Lawo manga amabili amakhulu asebenzela uHitler amandla futhi, akumangazi ukuthi waqala ukukhuthaza imvuselelo yamasosha futhi wafuna ukuziphindiselela ezigebengwini ezazibambe ongezansi "zangoNovemba" ezazisolwa ngokukhaphela iGermany. Amanga kaHitler amukelwa kalula ngokwengxenye ngoba awela ezindlebeni ezilungiselelwe kahle.
Vele, umbuso wentando yeningi ovuthiwe onjengeMelika awusoze wakhiqiza umholi ukude njengoHitler noma umbuso wezempi ozimisele ukubusa umhlaba. Ngakwesokudla?
IMelika kungenzeka ingaze ikhiqize uHitler wayo, umuntu ongakwazi ukuchazwa njengongqondongqondo ongazinzile kakhulu, nangokuthi “ubuhlakani” ngiqonde amandla akhe angaqondakali okuzama ukuxhaphaza imizwa emnyama yabantu bakhe kanye neminyaka yakhe. Kodwa-ke iMelika ngonyaka ka-2021 inabo abalambele amandla, “abangongqondongqondo” bayo abangazinzile - njengoba enza wonke amazwe ngezikhathi zonke. Amadoda angenazimiso noma imikhawulo, azimisele ukuphinda amanga amakhulu ngemuva kwamanga amakhulu aze athole amandla aphelele. Umuntu onjengoNobhala Wombuso wangaphambili uMike Pompeo noma uSenator Tom Cotton mhlawumbe? Noma mhlawumbe inguqulo ebuyekeziwe kaLt General osethathe umhlalaphansi, uLt General Michael Flynn, umeluleki wezokuphepha kazwelonke odlula ngokushesha kaDonald Trump, osanda kuphela uzwakalise ukwesekwa lokuvukela umbuso ngamasosha ukuze kugumbuqelwe uhulumeni. Noma mhlawumbe, ngo-2024, uTrump uqobo.
Amanga amakhulu aseMelika
Vele, iJalimane ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe I akuyona neze i-analog ephelele ye-United States ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili yempi yayo eyinhlekelele kepha ekude nobuphekula. Futhi umlando, okungenani, uyasikisela kunokuba uphindaphindwe. Kodwa-ke siyifunda ngokwengxenye ngoba okwedlule kunikela ukuqonda ngekusasa elingaba khona. Ubuntu nemicimbi iyashintsha, kepha imvelo yomuntu isalokhu ifana, yingakho izikhulu zamasosha zisafunda umsebenzi ka-Athenian general nesazi-mlando uThucydides ngenzuzo, yize izimpi zakhe zaphela ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili eyedlule.
Ngakho-ke, ake sibuyele emangeni amakhulu amabili okuthi, uma sibheka emuva, abulale intando yeningi yeWeimar Germany. Zingasebenza kanjani e-US namuhla? Kusukela ngo-9/11, amasosha ethu ashushise izimpi ezimbili ezinkulu e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, kanye nezingxabano eziningi ezincane ezindaweni ezinjengeLibya, iSyria neSomalia. Lowo mbutho wezempi ulahlekelwe zombili lezo zimpi ezinkulu, ngenkathi kudala noma kubhebhethekisa ukuqhubeka izingqinamba zobuntu nezinhlekelele kulezo “ezincane” ngaphesheya kwe-Greater Middle East nase-Afrika.
Kodwa-ke, "ezweni lakubo" laseMelika (njengoba laziwa kanjalo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kuka-9/11), kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuyaqabukela kanjani ukuthi noma ngubani abone ukuthi leyompi iye yazihlasela kanjani lezo zimpi. Ngempela, kugujwa ngokuvamile ezweni lonke futhi ngokuqinisekile eWashington njenge ibutho lempi elihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni, mhlawumbe nasemlandweni wezwe. Isabelomali sayo iyaqhubeka ukukhuphuka sengathi ukuphendula ukunqoba yonke indawo ngakho-ke ufanelwe isabelo sengonyama samadola abakhokhi bentela. Ojenene bayo asebethathe umhlalaphansi nababongayo bayabungazwa futhi bavuzwe ngakho impesheni enempilo futhi nokuhola okunempilo nezinzuzo uma bekhetha kanjalo (futhi abaningi bakwenza) ukushesha umnyango ojikelezayo ebaxhumanisa nezinkampani zempi ezinenzuzo enkulu njengeBoeing, Lockheed Martin, noRaytheon.
Ngamafuphi, abaseMelika bathengiswe ngomqondo wokuthi amasosha “abo” anqotshwe emkhakheni, noma, uma "behluliwe" ngomqondo wokuhlupheka, hhayi obangela bona. Kepha uma amasosha aseMelika engcono kunathi futhi abaphathi bawo abalahlekile ngokuvamile balunge ngokwanele ukuba bavuzwe ingunaphakade, ngubani is ukusola ukulahleka kweMelika e-Iraq? E-Afghanistan? Akunjalo, kusobala, hhayi uma ukholwa imiphumela yokuvota ekhombisa ukuthi abaseMelika "banokuzethemba" okuningi kwezempi kunezinye izikhungo eziningi zase-US (yize lezo zibalo, zisephezulu, ukulahla muva nje).
Uma umthwalo wokwehlulwa unganikezwa amasosha noma abaphathi bawo bezempi, futhi uma thina baseMelika singeke sicabange ukuthi isitha esinjengeTaliban siyakwazi ukunqoba amabutho ethu amakhulu, ngubani okufanele asolwe? Isitha ngaphakathi! Othile ezweni lakubo ogwaza iMelika amaqhawe ahloniphekile ngemuva. Kepha, uma kunjalo, ngubani ngempela?
Abaholi abaphezulu embuthweni wamasosha aseMelika vele ukhononda ukuthi ukuhoxa kwamasosha kaJoe Biden e-Afghanistan kusengatshala imbewu yokuhlulwa kulelozwe (sengathi cishe iminyaka engama-20 yokulwa impi eyinhlekelele ngandlela thile yayisibeke inkundla yempumelelo). AmaRiphabhulikhi, njengenjwayelo yabo, bakhiphe imimese yabo, futhi. Kubonakala kunjalo ukulungiselela ukugwaza amaDemokhrasi ngokuba buthakathaka ekuvikeleni nasekunciphiseni "kobushiqela" njengabaholi be Iran futhi China.
Futhi uma ucabanga ngokulandisa "kwesitha ngaphakathi" okuzayo, ungakhohlwa incwadi yakamuva isayinwe ngu-124 Ojenene bethu asebathatha umhlalaphansi kanye nabamhlonishwa abafuna ukusola ukwehla kwentando yeningi kulelizwe hhayi kuTrump nezikhulu zakhe, kepha ekusabalaleni kwenqubekela phambili, ubusoshiyali, ngisho neMarxism. Ukuthi bathwale umthwalo omncane wesimo iMelika esizithola sikuyo namuhla ngeke kwenzeke kulokho kuhlangana kwenkampani okulahlekile okuzenza abaprofethi abazimisile.
Kepha iqiniso libi kakhulu kunalabo osomathuba bezikhundla abakulungele ukuvuma. Impi engapheli, ezempi ezicashile, nokwehluleka kwethu ukubhekana nakho konke kufanele kuthathwe njengezitha zangempela ngaphakathi. Futhi lezo "zitha" zisiza ukubulala intando yeningi eMelika, njengoba James Madison, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Futhi UMartin Luther King, Jr.., phakathi kokunye, wasixwayisa mayelana namashumi eminyaka, ngisho namakhulu eminyaka edlule.
Nali iqiniso elilula lokuthi: Izimpi zaseMelika kusukela ngo-9/11 azikaze zinqobe lelizwe. Kwakuyizingxabano zamathuba ezingenangqondo, kuhlomula iPentagon (kanye nesabelomali sayo esikhula njalo). Bangcoliswe yisidingo sempindiselo futhi abaphathwa kabi ngamanye amaphoyisa afanayo asesigabeni sefulegi asayina leyo ncwadi. Ukuzicabangela okuthembekile kungadinga ukulungiswa okungathi sína kwenkambo kuleyo mpi futhi nakanjani ukwenqatshwa ngokuphelele kwezempi nobuphekula bezempi. Futhi-ke ngokungangabazeki ukuthi kungani abaningi kangaka ku- ezempi-zezimboni-zenhlangano Inkimbinkimbi ithanda induduzo yamanga amakhulu.
Sizibonile izinhlobo zalokhu phambilini. URonald Reagan wayichaza kabusha impi yobugebengu eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngokuthi “isizathu esihle. ” UGeorge HW Bush ubhekise ekwenqabeni okunengqondo futhi okunengqondo ukuthi alwe izimpi ezingadingekile zaphesheya kwezilwandle "njenge-Vietnam syndrome," ethi i-US ekugcineni "ngikhahlele”Ngokunqoba kwayo okomzuzwana kuSaddam Hussein emkhankasweni weDesert Storm ka-1991 Inganekwane kaRambo ngokwesiko elidumile kwaqinisa umbono wokuthi amaqhawe aseMelika ayinqobile impi eVietnam, kuphela ukugwazwa emhlane ngosopolitiki abakhohlisayo nababhikishi abalwa nempi khafulela amathe amabutho abuyayo. (AbazangeNgokubambisana izinganekwane ezinjalo zasebenza ukuvikela amasosha ase-US kuzinguquko ezinqala, kuqinisekiswa isimo sengqondo sebhizinisi esijwayelekile ePentagon kuze kube, ngemuva komhla ka-9/11, kube yiqiniso "ukufeza (un) kufezekile”Yafika iminyaka.
Amaqiniso aqinile ayikhambi lamanga amakhulu
AbaseMelika badinga usuku lokubala olungakhombisi uphawu lokuza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, sikhuluma ngeCongress lokho ngikwazi ngisho ngiyavuma ukusungula ikhomishini ngokuhlanganyela ezophenya ngesiteleka sangoJanuwari 6 eCapitol. Noma kunjalo, umfana angaphupha, akunjalo? Iphupho lami lizobandakanya ukwakhiwa kwekhomishini yeqiniso ezophatha abaholi abaphezulu, abezempi nabezempi, bangaphenduli kuphela ngamanga abo ngezimpi eziningi zaseMelika kepha ngezinqumo zokuziqalisa nokwenziwa okuzwisa usizi okwalandela, njengoba benza okungcono kakhulu ukuzikhulula emthwalweni wemfanelo.
Ngivumele nami ngiphuphe ngokuthi ukuzivocavoca okunje ngokukhuluma iqiniso nokuphendula ngokweqiniso kungabandakanya ini:
- Uphenyo lweBipartisan DRM ngezimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kufaka phakathi ubufakazi obufungelwe bomongameli uBush, u-Obama, noTrump, kanye namaphini kamongameli uCheney, uBiden noPence, nalabo abangaphumelelanga ababengabaphathi bethu bakudala.
- Ukuphenya kweBipartisan DRM ngamanga angapheli amasosha ngenqubekela phambili ezimpini zawo, kuhambisana nemibuzo yobugebengu bezempi lapho kudingeka.
- Ukwehliswa okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamasosha yiCongress ukunqanda ukuzidela kwamanje nokwesikhathi esizayo kwezempi.
- Ukuphela kokunconywa kwezempi, ukwenqatshwa kwezempi, nokuzinikela entandweni yeningi kanye nokukhuluma iqiniso.
- Azikho izimpi ezizayo phesheya kwezilwandle ngaphandle kwesimemezelo seCongressal of the same, ezilandelwa yisibopho sokuphoqeleka esizoqala ngamadodana namadodakazi amalungu eCongress.
Ngamanga amakhulu nokuthembeka kwabo kubo, i-United States namuhla kungenzeka ukuthi ilandela indlela esivele inyathelwe ngodlame yiWeimar Germany ngawo-1920 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1930. Ukubungaza umbutho wezempi naphezu kokwehlulwa kwawo kuyindlela yokuphela kwempi nokungathembeki okungapheli. Ukulinganisa amandla entando yeningi ngaphakathi kweMelika nokwehlukanisa nokuvukela umbuso akuyona iresiphi hhayi kuphela yezimpi kepha nekusasa elinamandla nelinodlame kakhulu.
Lapha umlando ufundisa isifundo esiphazamisayo. Okwagcina kuphoqe iningi lamaJalimane ukuthi libhekane namaqiniso anzima, ukwenqaba ezempi kanye namaphupho megalomaniacal ombuso wezwe, kwaba ukunqotshwa okuyinhlekelele eMpini Yesibili Yomhlaba. Yini, uma ikhona, ezophoqa abaseMelika ukuthi babhekane namaqiniso anzima afanayo? Isintu asikwazi ukukhokhela enye impi yezwe, ayikho neyodwa lapho umongameli anamandla okuvula ukuqothulwa kwenkulungwane ngephakade “zenziwe zanamuhla”Isikhali senuzi.
Khumbula nje: Amanga amakhulu anemiphumela.
I-copyright 2021 uWilliam J. Astore
Landela TomDispatch on Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka iDispatch Books entsha, inoveli entsha kaJohn Feffer, ESinglands (owokugcina ochungechungeni lwakhe lweSplinterlands), inoveli kaBeverly Gologorsky Wonke Umzimba Unendaba, noTom Engelhardt Isizwe Esenziwe Ngempi, kanye no-Alfred McCoy Emthunzini Wenkulungwane YaseMelika: Ukuvuka Nokwehla Kwamandla Amandla OseMelika noJohn Dower I-American Century Ebudlova: Impi Nezobuphekula Kusukela Empi Yezwe II.
