Okukhethekile: Lapho ikhuluma ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi entsha, i-New York Times isilahlekelwe yizintatheli, isebenza njengesiteshi senkulumo-ze engcolile esishicilela izimangalo eziphambene neRussia ezingase zeqe umugqa zibe ukukhwabanisa, kubika uRobert Parry.
NguRobert Parry, I-ConsortiumNews
Ngokuphoxeka okusha kwe-New York Times, uchwepheshe wezobunhloli wezithombe usekhiphe ukuhlaziya okusha kwe-amateurish, anti-Russian kwezithombe zesathelayithi ezihlobene nokudutshulwa kwe-Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 ngasempumalanga ye-Ukraine ngo-2014, yabiza umsebenzi ngokuthi “ukukhwabanisa. .”
NgoMgqibelo odlule, ngosuku olwandulela usuku lwesibili lwenhlekelele eyabulala abantu abangu-298, i-Times izwakalise ukuhlaziywa kwe-amateur ithi uhulumeni waseRussia wasebenzisa izithombe ezimbili zesathelayithi ezembule imicibisholo yezindiza zase-Ukraine empumalanga ye-Ukraine ngesikhathi sokudubula. -phansi.
Incazelo ecacile ye- esihlokweni ngu-Andrew E. Kramer kwakuwukuthi abantu baseRussia babefihla ukubamba kwabo isandla ekudubuleni indiza yabantu ngokusola izithombe zodokotela ukuze basole amasosha ase-Ukraine. Ngaphandle kokucaphuna lokhu kuhlaziya yi-armscontrolwonk.com, u-Kramer waphawula ukuthi "izintatheli eziyisakhamuzi" eBellingcat zifinyelele esiphethweni esifanayo ngaphambilini.
Kodwa u-Kramer kanye ne-Times bakushiyile ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwangaphambilini kwe-Bellingcat kudatshulwe kahle ngochwepheshe bezithombe ze-photo-forensic okuhlanganisa noDkt. Neal Krawetz, umsunguli wethuluzi lokuhlaziya isithombe sedijithali le-FotoForensics elasetshenziswa i-Bellingcat. Esontweni eledlule, iBellingcat ibilokhu iphusha ngenkani ukuhlaziya okusha kwe-armscontrolwonk.com, iBellingcat enobudlelwano obuseduze nayo.
Kuleli sonto eledlule, u-Krawetz kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezobunhloli baqale ukuhlolisisa ukuhlaziywa okusha futhi baphetha ngokuthi kube namaphutha abalulekile afanayo nokuhlaziya kwangaphambilini, nakuba besebenzisa ithuluzi elihlukile lokuhlaziya. Uma kubhekwa ukukhangisa kukaBellingcat kwalokhu kuhlaziywa kwesibili kweqembu elinezixhumanisi zeBellingcat kanye nomsunguli wayo u-Eliot Higgins, u-Krawetz ubuke lezi zihlaziyo ezimbili njengeziphuma endaweni eyodwa, iBellingcat.
"Ukugxumela esiphethweni esingalungile ngesinye isikhathi kungaba ngenxa yokungazi," kuchaza uKrawetz eposini lebhulogi. “Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elihlukile kudatha efanayo eveza imiphumela efanayo, kanye namanje ukugxumela esiphethweni esifanayo esingalungile kuwukuhlanekezela ngamabomu nokukhohlisa. Ukukhwabanisa.”
Iphethini Yephutha
U-Krawetz kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi izinguquko ezingenacala ezithombeni, njengokwengeza ibhokisi lamagama nokulondoloza izithombe kumafomethi ahlukene, zingachaza okungaqondakali okutholwe i-Bellingcat nabangane bayo ku-armscontrolwonk.com. Lelo kube yiphutha elibalulekile uKrawetz alibona ngonyaka odlule lapho ehlaziya ukuhlaziya okuyiphutha kukaBellingcat.
UKrawetz wabhala: “Ngonyaka odlule, iqembu elibizwa nge-'Bellingcat' laphuma nombiko mayelana nendiza i-MH17, eyadutshulwa eduze komngcele we-Ukraine/Russia. Embikweni wabo, basebenzise iFotoForensics ukuthethelela izimangalo zabo. Nokho, njengoba mina ikhombe ekungeneni kwebhulogi yami, bayisebenzisa kabi. Izinkinga ezinkulu embikweni wabo:
"- -Iziba ikhwalithi. Bahlola izithombe emithonjeni engabazekayo. Lezi kwakuyizithombe zekhwalithi ephansi ezazike zalinganiswa, zinqampuna, nezichasiselo.
"- Ukubona izinto. Ngisho nangomphumela ovela kumathuluzi okuhlaziya, bagxumele eziphethweni ezingasekelwa idatha.
"- Dlala futhi ushintshe. Umbiko wabo usho into eyodwa, wabe esezama ukukuthethelela ngokuhlaziya okukhombisa okwehlukile.
“UBellingcat usanda kuphuma ne umbiko wesibili. Ingxenye yokuhlaziywa kwesithombe yombiko wabo incike kakhulu ohlelweni olubizwa nge-'Tungstène'. … Ngendlela yesayensi, akunandaba ukuthi usebenzisa bani ithuluzi. Isiphetho kufanele siphindaphindeke nakuba amathuluzi amaningi nama-algorithms amaningi.
“Esinye sezithombe abasidlalayo yize i-Tungstène bekuyisithombe sefu esifanayo abasisebenzise ne-ELA [ukuhlaziywa kwezinga lamaphutha]. Futhi ngokungamangazi, ikhiqize imiphumela efanayo - imiphumela okufanele ihunyushwe njengekhwalithi ephansi kanye nokulondolozwa okuningi. … Le miphumela isho isithombe sekhwalithi ephansi kanye nokulondolozwa kabusha okuningi, futhi hhayi ukuguqulwa ngamabomu njengoba i-Bellingcat yaphetha.
“Njengonyaka odlule, uBellingcat wathi uTungstène ugqamise izinkomba zezinguquko ezindaweni abathi zibona izinguquko kumphumela we-ELA. I-Bellingcat isebenzise idatha yekhwalithi ephansi efanayo kumathuluzi ahlukene futhi yafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo esingalungile.
Yize u-Krawetz ethumele umbiko wakhe wokuhlaziya okusha ngoLwesine, waqala ukuzwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngemuva nje kokuvela kwesihloko se-Times. Lokho kugqugquzele u-Higgins kanye nethimba le-Bellingcat ukuthi baqale umkhankaso we-Twitter wokudicilela phansi isithunzi sikaKrawetz kanye nami (futhi ebalula izinkinga ngendatshana ye-Times kanye nokuhlaziya).
Lapho omunye wabalingani bakaHiggins okushiwo indaba yami yokuqala ekuhlaziyweni okuyinkinga kwesithombe, u-Krawetz waphawula ukuthi engikubonile kusekela isikhundla sakhe sokuthi uBellingcat wayengakuphathi kahle ukuhlaziya (yize ngaleso sikhathi ngangingazi ngokugxeka kuka-Krawetz).
U-Higgins uphendule u-Krawetz, "[uParry] akazi ukuthi ungumgebengu. Mhlawumbe ngoba naye ungumgebengu.”
Ngokuqhubeka nokuthuka u-Krawetz, u-Higgins wahlekisa ngokubuyekezwa kwakhe kwesithombe esihlaziywa ngu yekubhala: "konke anakho 'ngoba ngisho kanjalo', wonke umlomo awunalo ibhulukwe."
Uspoiled by uDumisani
Ngokusobala, u-Higgins, osebenzela eLeicester, eNgilandi, ukhule onakaliswe yikho konke ukutuswa kwakhe yi-New York Times, iWashington Post, iThe Guardian nezinye izincwadi ezivamile naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi irekhodi likaBellingcat lokunemba alilungile. .
Isibonelo, ekuqhumeni kwakhe okukhulu kokuqala, u-Higgins unanela inkulumo-ze yase-US eSyria mayelana nokuhlasela kwegesi ye-sarin ngo-Agasti 21, 2013 - esola uMongameli u-Bashar al-Assad - kodwa waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlehle ekuhloleni kwakhe lapho. kwembula ochwepheshe bezindiza ukuthi umcibisholo ophethe i-sarin wawunobubanzi obungamakhilomitha amabili kuphela, mfushane kakhulu kunalokho u-Higgins ayekucabange ngokusola ukuhlasela kwamasosha kahulumeni waseSyria. (Naphezu kwalelo phutha elibalulekile, u-Higgins waqhubeka ethi uhulumeni waseSyria unecala.)
U-Higgins uphinde wanikeza uhlelo lwase-Australia lwe-“60 Minutes” indawo empumalanga ye-Ukraine lapho ibhethri le-missile ye-Buk “ebalekela” kuthiwa yaqoshwa ngevidiyo isendleleni ebuyela eRussia, ngaphandle kokuthi uma ithimba lezindaba lifika lapho izimpawu zendawo azizange zifane, okubangele ukuthi uhlelo kumele luthembele ekuhleleni okungaqondile ukuze lukhohlise ababukeli balo.
Lapho ngibona ukungqubuzana futhi ngithumela izithombe-skrini zohlelo "Amaminithi angu-60" ukukhombisa amanga, "Imizuzu engu-60" yethula umkhankaso wokungithuka futhi sebenzisa amanye amaqhinga wevidiyo futhi ukukhwabanisa kwentatheli okuqondile ekuvikeleni ulwazi olunephutha luka-Higgins.
Le phethini yezimangalo ezingamanga ngisho nokukhwabanisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezi zindaba akuzange kuvimbe abezindaba abavamile baseNtshonalanga ukuthi batusa u-Higgins noBellingcat. Cishe akulimazi ukuthi “ukudalula” kukaBellingcat kuhlale kuhambisana nezindikimba zenkulumo-ze ezivela kohulumeni baseNtshonalanga.
Kubuye kuvele ukuthi bobabili u-Higgins kanye ne-"armscontrolwonk.com" bane-crossover kubasebenzi, njengo-Melissa Hanham, umbhali ohlangene wombiko we-MH-17 ophinde abhalele i-Bellingcat, njengoba kwenza u-Aaron Stein, uhlanganyele ekuphromotheni Umsebenzi ka-Higgins ku-“armscontrolwonk.com.”
La maqembu womabili aphinde abe nokuxhumana nenhlangano yabacabangi esekela i-NATO, i-Atlantic Council, ebihamba phambili ekuphusheni impi entsha ye-NATO neRussia. U-Higgins usefakwe ohlwini "njengomuntu omdala ongahlali ku-Atlantic Council's Future Europe Initiative" kanye ne-armscontrolwonk.com kuchaza uStein njengomuntu ongahlali esikhungweni se-Atlantic Council sika-Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East.
I-Armscontrolwonk.com iqhutshwa ochwepheshe bokwanda kwezikhali zenuzi abavela ku-Middlebury Institute for International Studies e-Monterey, kodwa babonakala bengenabo ubungcweti obukhethekile ku-forensic yezithombe.
Inkinga Ejulile
Kepha inkinga ijula kakhulu kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa kanye nama-blogger akuthola kukhuthaza ngokomsebenzi ukuqinisa izingqikithi zenkulumo-ze ezivela ku-NATO nezinye izintshisekelo zaseNtshonalanga. Ingozi enkulu indima edlalwe abezindaba abajwayelekile ekudaleni i-echo chamber yokukhulisa ulwazi oluyi-disinformation oluvela kulaba abasafunda.
Njengoba nje iThe New York Times, iWashington Post nezinye izitolo ezinkulu zagwinya izindaba ezingamanga mayelana ne-WMD yase-Iraq ngo-2002-2003, baye badla ngenjabulo imali efanayo engabazekayo mayelana neSyria, i-Ukraine neRussia.
Futhi njengoba kwenzeka ngenhlekelele yase-Iraq, lapho thina esiphonsele inselelo “iqembu le-WMD sicabanga ukuthi” sachithwa “njengabalweli bokholo baseSaddam,” manje sesibizwa ngokuthi “abaxolisi bakwa-Assad” noma “abaxolisi bakaPutin” noma bamane “bayizigebengu” abathi “ umlomo wonke, akukho bhulukwe” - noma ngabe lokho kusho ukuthini.
Isibonelo, ngo-2013 mayelana neSyria, i-Times yabhala indaba ekhasini lokuqala isebenzisa "ukuhlaziywa kwe-vector" ukulandelela ukuhlasela kwe-sarin emuva kwenkambi yezempi yaseSyria eqhele ngamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye, kodwa ukutholakala kwebanga elifushane kakhulu le-sarin missile Izikhathi zokuthi ukuphika indaba yayo, eyayihambisana nalokho uHiggins ayekubhala.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokulangazelela kwayo ukudlulisa inkulumo-ze emelene neRussia mayelana ne-Ukraine ngo-2014, i-Times yaze yabuyela entathelini ezinsukwini zayo ezingamanga zase-Iraq. UMichael R. Gordon, owabhala ngokuhlanganyela indatshana enedumela elibi elithi “amashubhu e-aluminium” ngo-2002 eyaphusha izinsolo ezingamanga zokuthi i-Iraq yayisungula kabusha uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi, yamukelwa.olunye ulwazi olusha olungalungile oluvela eMnyangweni Wezwe okushiwo izithombe okuthiwa zikhombisa amasosha aseRussia eRussia bese ziphinde zivele e-Ukraine.
Noma iyiphi intatheli ebucayi ibizobona izimbobo endabeni njengoba bekungacaci ukuthi izithombe zithathwe kuphi noma izithombe ezifiphele bekungabantu abafanayo yini, kodwa lokho akuzange kuyimise isikhashana i-Times. Isihloko sasihola ikhasi lokuqala.
Nokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuphela, i-scoop bhala phezulu ngesikhathi kuvela ukuthi isithombe esibalulekile okuthiwa sikhombisa ithimba lamasosha aseRussia, aphinde avela empumalanga ye-Ukraine, empeleni sathathwa e-Ukraine, sacekela phansi isisekelo sayo yonke le ndaba.
Kepha lawa mahloni awazange adambise isasasa leTimes lokuqeda inkulumo-ze emelene neRussia noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Nokho, enye inguquko entsha ukuthi i-Times ayivele ithathe izimangalo ezingamanga ngokuqondile kuhulumeni wase-US; iphinde ithathele kumawebhusayithi e-hip "ubuntatheli bezakhamizi" njengeBellingcat.
Ezweni lapho kungekho muntu okholelwa lokho ohulumeni abathi indlela entsha ehlakaniphile yokusabalalisa inkulumo-ze iwukuba “bangaphandle” abanjalo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Times' Kramer ijabule kakhulu ngokuthola udaba olusha oluvela kuWebhu oluthi abantu baseRussia babenezithombe zesathelayithi zamabhethri ezikhali ezicitshwayo zeBuk yase-Ukraine esempumalanga ye-Ukraine ngaphambi nje kokudutshulwa kwe-MH-17.
Esikhundleni sokungabaza ubuchwepheshe be-photo-forensic balaba ngcweti bokwanda kwezikhali zenuzi ku-armscontrolwonk.com, u-Kramer uvele wabeka abakutholile njengokuqinisekisa okwengeziwe kwezimangalo zangaphambili zikaBellingcat. UKramer uphinde wagcona abaseRussia ngokuzama ukuvala amathrekhi abo “ngemibono yozungu.”
Ukuziba Ubufakazi Obusemthethweni
Kepha kwakukhona obunye ubufakazi obubalulekile ukuthi i-Times yayifihle kubafundi bayo: ubufakazi obubhaliwe obuvela kwezobunhloli baseNtshonalanga bokuthi amasosha ase-Ukraine ayenawo amabhethri emicibisholo anamandla alwa nendiza empumalanga ye-Ukraine ngoJulayi 17, 2014, nokuthi amavukelambuso aseRussia awazange aphumelele. 't
Phakathi ku umbiko eyakhishwa ngo-Okthoba odlule, i-Netherlands Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD) yathi ngokusekelwe olwazini “lwemfihlo yombuso,” kwakwaziwa ukuthi i-Ukraine inezinhlelo ezindala kodwa “ezinamandla zokulwa nezindiza” futhi “inani lalezi zinhlelo lalitholakala. engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe.” I-MIVD yengeze ngokuthi amavukela-mbuso ayengenaso leso sikhundla:
“Ngaphambi kokuphahlazeka, i-MIVD beyazi ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezikhali zezindiza ezilula, amaSeparatist nawo abenezinhlelo zokuvikela umoya eziphathwayo (izinhlelo zokuvikela umoya eziphathwayo; MANPADS) nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zinezimoto zebanga elifushane- amasistimu okuvikela umoya. Zombili izinhlobo zezinhlelo zibhekwa njengezikhali ezicitshwayo ezisuka phezulu ziye emoyeni (ama-SAM). Ngenxa yobubanzi bawo obulinganiselwe ababi yingozi ekundizeni kwabantu lapho behamba ngomkhumbi. ”
Njengoba ubuhlakani be-Dutch buyingxenye yezinsiza zezobunhloli ze-NATO, lo mbiko usho ukuthi i-NATO kanye nohlaka lwe-US okungenzeka ukuthi lunombono ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, amaRussia angeke abe nesizathu esincane sokukhohlisa izithombe zabo zesathelayithi ezibonisa amabhethri e-Ukraine anti-aircraft missile empumalanga ye-Ukraine uma izithombe zesathelayithi zaseNtshonalanga zibonisa into efanayo.
Kodwa kunesizathu sokuthi kungani i-Times nezinye izincwadi ezinkulu ezivamile zingawunaki lo mbhalo osemthethweni kahulumeni waseDashi - ngoba uma ulungile, kusho ukuthi abantu kuphela ababengadubula i-MH-17 bangamasosha ase-Ukraine. Lokho kungaphendukela phansi ukulandisa kwenkulumo-ze efunwayo esola amaRussia.
Kodwa-ke, lokho kucishwa kombiko wamaDashi kusho ukuthi i-Times kanye nezinye izitolo zaseNtshonalanga zilahlile izibopho zazo zobuntatheli ukuze zethule bonke ubufakazi obufanele ngodaba olubaluleke kakhulu - ukuletha enkantolo ababulali babantu abangama-298 abangenacala. Kunokuba “zonke izindaba ezifanele ukunyatheliswa,” i-Times ihlanganisa icala ngokushiya ngaphandle ubufakazi obuhamba “ngandlela engalungile.”
Yiqiniso, kungase kube nencazelo yokuthi kokubili i-NATO kanye ne-intelligence yaseRussia ingafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo "sephutha" sokuthi amasosha ase-Ukraine kuphela ayengadubula i-MH-17, kodwa i-Times kanye nayo yonke imithombo yezindaba yaseNtshonalanga ingakwazi' t ngokuziphatha ngenze sengathi ubufakazi abukho.
Ngaphandle uma kunjalo, inhloso yakho yangempela ukusabalalisa inkulumo-ze, hhayi ukukhiqiza ubuntatheli. Khona-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi ukuziphatha kwe-Times, ezinye izincwadi ze-MSM kanye, yebo, iBellingcat yenza umqondo omkhulu.
[Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, bheka i-Consortiumnews.com “I-MH-17: Iminyaka Emibili Yenkulumo-ze Emelene NeRussia"Futhi"I-NYT Ilahlekile Ku-Propaganda Yayo yase-Ukraine. "]
