NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, ngoDisemba 15, 2020
UJoe Biden uzothatha isikhundla seWhite House ngesikhathi lapho umphakathi waseMelika ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokulwa ne-coronavirus kunokulwa izimpi zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Kepha izimpi zaseMelika ziyaqhubeka, noma ngabe yini, futhi nenqubomgomo yokulwa nobuphekula uBiden usekele esikhathini esedlule-ngokususelwa ezindizeni zamabhanoyi, imisebenzi ekhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabutho abameli - yikho kanye okugcina lezi zingxabano ziqhubeka.
E-Afghanistan, uBiden waphikisana nokwanda kwamasosha ka-Obama ngo-2009, kwathi ngemuva kokuthi ukuhluleka kwehlulekile, u-Obama wabuyela emgomweni wokuthi UBiden uyathandwa ukuqala, okube luphawu lwenqubomgomo yabo yempi nakwamanye amazwe. Emibuthanweni engaphakathi, lokhu kubizwe ngokuthi "ukulwa nobuphekula," ngokungafani "nokulwa nokulwa."
E-Afghanistan, lokho kwakusho ukushiya ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwamabutho ase-US, futhi ngokuthembela esikhundleni salokho umoya ushaya, iziteleka ze-drone nokusebenza okukhethekile “bulala noma bamba”Kugasela, ngenkathi kuqashwa futhi kuqeqeshwa Amasosha ase-Afghan ukwenza cishe konke ukulwa komhlaba nokubamba indawo.
Ekungeneleleni kweLibya ngo-2011, umfelandawonye wobukhosi bamaNATO-Arab washumeka amakhulu amaQatar imisebenzi ekhethekile yokusebenza kanye Amasosha aseNtshonalanga nezihlubuki zaseLibya ukuthi zibize izindiza e-NATO futhi ziqeqeshe amasosha endawo, kufaka phakathi Amaqembu amaSulumane ngezixhumanisi eziya e-Al Qaeda. Amandla abawadedelayo asalokhu ebambene ngempango eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye kamuva.
Ngenkathi uJoe Biden manje esethatha isikweletu ephikisanayo ukungenelela okuyinhlekelele eLibya, ngaleso sikhathi wayeshesha ukuhalalisela impumelelo yayo ekhohlisayo yesikhashana kanye nokubulawa ngesihluku kukaColonel Gaddafi. "I-NATO ikuthole kahle," kusho uBiden kusho ngenkulumo ePlymouth State College ngo-Okthoba 2011 ngalo kanye usuku uMongameli Obama amemezela ngalo ukushona kukaGaddafi. “Kulokhu, iMelika yachitha u- $ 2 billion futhi ayilahlekelwanga nangempilo eyodwa. Lona ngumyalelo wokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nomhlaba njengoba siqhubekela phambili kunakuqala. ”
Ngenkathi uBiden esegeze izandla nge-debacle eLibya, lowo msebenzi empeleni wawufanekisela imfundiso yokulwa ngasese kanye ne-proxy esekelwa izindiza zezindiza azisekelayo, futhi angakaziphikisi. UBiden usasho namanje ukuthi uyayeseka imisebenzi "yokulwa nobuphekula", kepha wakhethwa njengoMengameli ngaphandle kokuphendula esidlangalaleni umbuzo oqondile mayelana nokusekela kwakhe ukusetshenziswa okukhulu iziteleka zezindiza kanye neziteleka ze-drone lokho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yaleyo mfundiso.
Emkhankasweni wokulwa noMbuso WamaSulumane e-Iraq naseSyria, amabutho aholwa yi-US ayehla phezu 118,000 amabhomu nemicibisholo, kunciphisa amadolobha amakhulu afana neMosul neRaqqa ukuba yimfucumfucu nokubulala amashumi ezinkulungwane lezakhamizi. Ngenkathi uBiden ethi iMelika “ayilahlekelwanga nayimpilo eyodwa” eLibya, ngokusobala wayeqonde “impilo yaseMelika.” Uma "impilo" isho nje impilo, impi yaseLibya ngokusobala yabiza izimpilo ezingenakubalwa, futhi yenza inhlekisa ngesinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN esivuma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla empi kuphela vikela izakhamizi.
NjengoRob Hewson, umhleli wephephabhuku lezokuhweba ngezikhali i-Jane's Air-Launched Weapons, utshele i-AP ngenkathi i-US idedela ukuqhuma kwebhomu "Shock and Awe" e-Iraq ngo-2003, "Empini elwelwa ukuzuzisa abantu base-Iraq, awukwazi ukubulala noma ngubani wabo. Kepha awukwazi ukulahla amabhomu futhi ungabulali abantu. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela kukho konke lokhu. ” Kusobala okufanayo nakubantu baseLibya, e-Afghanistan, eSyria, e-Yemen, ePalestine nanoma yikuphi lapho amabhomu aseMelika abelokhu ewa khona iminyaka engu-20.
Njengoba u-Obama noTrump bobabili bezama ukugudluza kusuka "empini yomhlaba wonke ebhekene nobuphekula" kulokho abaphathi bakaTrump abakubize ngokuthi "umncintiswano omkhulu wamandla, ”Noma ukubuyela emuva eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, impi yobuphekula yenqabile ngenkani ukuphuma ngenhloso. I-Al Qaeda kanye ne-Islamic State baxoshwe ezindaweni lapho i-US ibhike noma yahlasela khona, kepha iqhubeke iphinde ivele emazweni nasezifundeni ezintsha. I-Islamic State manje ithatha indawo esenyakatho Mozambique, futhi futhi seyimpande e-Afghanistan. Amanye amanxusa e-Al Qaeda asebenza kulo lonke elase-Afrika, kusuka ISomalia neKenya eMpumalanga Afrika uku amazwe ayishumi nanye eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-20 "yempi yokulwa nobuphekula," manje sekukhona ucwaningo olukhulu lokuthi yini eqhuba abantu ukuthi bajoyine amaqembu ahlomile amaSulumane alwa namabutho ohulumeni basekhaya noma abahlaseli baseNtshonalanga. Ngenkathi osopolitiki baseMelika besabamba izandla zabo ukuthi yiziphi izisusa ezisontekile ezingaba khona ngenxa yokuziphatha okungaqondakali, kuvela ukuthi akuyona inkinga enjalo. Iningi labalweli alishukunyiswa yimibono yamaSulumane njengoba nje benesifiso sokuzivikela, imindeni yabo noma imiphakathi yabo emabuthweni “okulwa nobushokobezi”, njengoba kubhaliwe kulo mbiko yiCentre for Civilians in Conflict.
Esinye isifundo, enesihloko esithi The Journey to Extremism in Africa: Abashayeli, Izikhuthazi kanye neTipping Point for Recruitment, bathole ukuthi indawo yokuncipha noma "utshani bokugcina" obushayela abangaphezu kuka-70% bamasosha ukujoyina amaqembu ahlomile ukubulala noma ukuboshwa kwelungu lomndeni ngu "Ukulwa nobuphekula" noma "ukuphepha". Ucwaningo ludalula uhlobo lwasebukhosini oluphikisana nobuphekula lwaseMelika njengenqubomgomo yokuzifeza ebhebhezela udlame olungenakunyakaziswa ngokukhiqiza nokugcwalisa ichibi “lamaphekula” eliqhubeka landa njengoba libhubhisa imindeni, imiphakathi kanye namazwe.
Isibonelo, i-US yakha iTrans-Sahara Counterterterism Partnership namazwe ayi-11 aseNtshonalanga Afrika ngo-2005 kanti kuze kube manje isizibekele amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Phakathi ku umbiko wamuva ovela eBurkina Faso, uNick Turse ubalule imibiko kahulumeni wase-US eqinisekisa ukuthi iminyaka eyi-15 "yokulwa nobushokobezi" eholwa yi-US ibhebhezela kanjani ukuqhuma kobuphekula eNtshonalanga Afrika yonkana.
IPentagon's Africa Center for Strategic Study ibika ukuthi izehlakalo ezinodlame ezibandakanya izinhlangano zamasosha angamaSulumane eBurkina Faso, eMali naseNiger ngonyaka odlule zingu-a ukwanda okuphindwe kasikhombisa kusukela ngo-2017, ngenkathi inani eliphansi eliqinisekisiwe labantu ababulewe lenyukile lisuka ku-1,538 ngo-2017 laya ku-4,404 ngo-2020.
UHeni Nsaibia, umcwaningi omkhulu e-ACLED (Armed Conflict Location Data Data), utshele iTurse ukuthi, “Ukugxila emiqondweni yaseNtshonalanga yokulwa nobuphekula nokwamukela imodeli eqinile yezempi kube yiphutha elikhulu. Ukuziba abashayeli bezimpi, njengobumpofu nokuntuleka kokuhamba emphakathini, nokwehluleka ukunciphisa izimo ezibangela ukuvukela umbuso, njengokuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu okusatshalaliswe ngabezokuphepha, kudale umonakalo ongalungiseki. ”
Ngempela, ngisho neNew York Times ikuqinisekisile ukuthi amabutho "olwa nobuphekula" eBurkina Faso ayabulala njengezakhamizi eziningi “njengamaphekula” okumele ngabe alwa nawo. Umbiko Womhlaba Kahulumeni WaseMelika wango-2019 ophathelene neBurkina Faso ubhale izinsolo “zamakhulu okubulawa kwabantu okungenamthetho njengengxenye yecebo labo lokulwa nobuphekula,” ikakhulukazi ukubulala amalungu ohlanga lwamaFulani.
USouaibou Diallo, umongameli wenhlangano yezifunda zamaSulumane, utshele uTurse ukuthi lokhu kuhlukumezeka yikhona okwenza ukuthi amaFulani ajoyine amaqembu ezempi. "Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili alabo abajoyina amaqembu amaphekula asitshele ukuthi akungoba besekela ubu-jihadism, yingoba uyise noma umama noma umfowabo babulawa ngamasosha," kusho uDallo. “Baningi kakhulu abantu asebebulewe — babulawa — kodwa abukho ubulungiswa.”
Kusukela kwaqalwa iMpi Yomhlaba Wonke Yezobuphekula, zombili izinhlangothi zisebenzise udlame lwezitha zazo ukuzithethelela ngodlame lwazo, kubhebhezela ukubhebhetheka kwesiphithiphithi esivela ezweni lonke siya esifundeni kuya esifundeni emhlabeni wonke.
Kepha izimpande zase-US zalo lonke lolu dlame nezinxushunxushu zijula ngisho nangaphezu kwalokhu. Kokubili i-Al Qaeda ne-Islamic State kwavela emaqenjini aqashwa ekuqaleni, aqeqeshwa, ahlonyiswa futhi asekelwa yi-CIA ukuketula ohulumeni bangaphandle: i-Al Qaeda e-Afghanistan ngeminyaka yama-1980, kanye neNusra Front kanye ne-Islamic State eSyria kusukela ngo-2011.
Uma abaphathi beBiden befuna ngempela ukuyeka ukubhebhethekisa isiphithiphithi nobuphekula emhlabeni, kufanele iguqule ngokuphelele i-CIA, indima yayo ekudambiseni amazwe, isekele ubushokobezi, ukusabalalisa isiphithiphithi nokudala izixwayiso ezingamanga zempi kanye nobutha kubhalwe kahle kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1970 nguColonel Fletcher Prouty, uWilliam Blum, uGareth Porter nabanye.
I-United States ayisoze yaba nenhloso, isistimu yezobunhloli kazwelonke ehlukunyeziwe, noma ngakho-ke inqubomgomo yamazwe angaphandle esekwe ngokoqobo, ize ikhiphe lesi sipoki emshinini. UBiden ukhethe u-Avril Haines, ngubani yenziwe ngobuciko isisekelo esiyimfihlo semithetho eyisiqalo sezomthetho sohlelo luka-Obama lwe-drone kanye nabahlukumezi be-CIA, ukuba nguMqondisi Wezobunhloli Kazwelonke. Ngabe iHaines isemsebenzini wokuguqula lezi zinhlaka zodlame nezinxushunxushu zibe uhlelo olusemthethweni, olusebenzayo lwezobunhloli? Lokho kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kepha kubalulekile.
Ukuphathwa okusha kweBiden kudinga ukubheka okusha ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinqubomgomo ezilimazayo i-United States eyilandele emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka, kanye nendima engakhombisi eye yenziwa yi-CIA kwabaningi babo.
Siyethemba ukuthi uBiden ekugcineni uzolahla imigomo eboshelwe onogwaja, ebhubhisa imiphakathi futhi ecekele phansi izimpilo zabantu ngenxa yezifiso ezingafinyeleleki zezepolitiki, nokuthi esikhundleni salokho uzotshala imali ekusizeni nakwezomnotho okusiza abantu ukuthi baphile impilo enokuthula nenempumelelo.
Siyethemba futhi ukuthi uBiden uzobuyisela emuva ipivot kaTrump ayibuyisele eMpini Yomshoshaphansi futhi avimbele ukuphambukiswa kwemithombo yezwe lethu emncintiswaneni wezikhali ongenamsebenzi oyingozi neChina neRussia.
Sinezinkinga zangempela okufanele sibhekane nazo kulelikhulu leminyaka - izinkinga ezikhona ezingaxazululwa kuphela ngokubambisana kwangempela kwamazwe omhlaba. Ngeke sisakwazi ukudela ikusasa lethu e-altare le-Global War on Terror, a New Cold War, Pax Americana noma eminye imicabango yama-imperialist.
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran. Uyilungu leqembu lababhali i-Collective20. UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi noCODEPINK nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
Impendulo eyodwa
impi ubugqila nokuhlukunyezwa!