NguDavid Swanson, uMqondisi oPhethe World BEYOND War, Januwari 15, 2020
ISouth Korea ayikwazi ukukhetha ukwenza ukuthula neNyakatho Korea ngaphandle kwemvume yamazwe angaphandle egcina amasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu eSouth Korea, kwenza iSouth Korea ikhokhe izindleko eziningi zezindlu, iyalela impi yaseNingizimu Korea empini, iphethe i-veto power at I-United Nations, futhi ayiziphenduli kwiNkantolo Yobulelesi Yomhlaba wonke noma iNkantolo Yezwe Yobulungiswa.
Amandla afanayo angaphandle anamasosha cishe kuzo zonke izizwe zomhlaba, izisekelo ezibalulekile cishe engxenyeni yamazwe asemhlabeni, kanti nomhlaba ngokwawo uhlukaniswe waba yizindawo zokulawula nokuphatha. Ibusa indawo engaphandle ngenhloso yezempi, nezimali zomhlaba wonke ngenhloso yokukhipha ingcebo ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu obumpofu. Yakha izisekelo lapho ifuna khona, futhi ifaka izikhali lapho ifuna khona - kufaka phakathi ukubeka izikhali zenuzi ngokungemthetho emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngaleyo ndaba, yephula imithetho lapho futhi ifuna kuphi.
Izizwe okuthiwa azithathi hlangothi njenge-Ireland, noma kunjalo, zivumela amasosha ase-US ukuthi asebenzise izikhumulo zawo zezindiza, futhi - ngalokho-avumele amaphoyisa ase-US ukuthi aseshe wonke umuntu esikhumulweni sezindiza saseDublin ngaphambi kokuba aye e-United States. Izinto eziningi zingabuzwa futhi zilahlwe emithonjeni yezindaba yase-Ireland, kepha hhayi amasosha ase-US nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-Ireland. Ezinye izinkampani ezifanele, njengalezo ezilawula amabhodi ezikhangiso eduze kwaseShannon Airport, empeleni zizinze e-United States.
Leli qiniso lesimanje liyingxenye engenamthungo yomlando ezingxenyeni zakuqala okufanele sisebenzise igama elithi "ubukoloni." Ngaphambi "kokuxazulula" i-United States, abanye babahlali bokuqala ngaphambili "babehlala" e-Ireland, lapho abaseBrithani babekhokhele khona imivuzo yamakhanda nezitho zomzimba zase-Ireland, njengoba babezokhokha ngokukhanda komdabu baseMelika boMdabu. I-United States iminyaka eminingi yafuna abokufika abakwazi "ukuhlala" ezweni lomdabu. Ukuqothulwa kobuhlanga eNyakatho Melika kwakuyingxenye yesiko lase-US kusukela ngaphambi kwe-United States kuze kube ngawo-1890. AmaKoloni alwa impi, isakhazinyuliswa kakhulu, lapho amaFrance anqoba amaBrithani, kepha lapho amakholoni engayekanga ukuba ngamakoloni. Esikhundleni salokho, bathole ithuba lokuhlasela izizwe entshonalanga yabo.
I-United States ayizange ichithe isikhathi ngokuhlasela iCanada iya enyakatho yayo, abaseSpain ngaseningizimu yayo, izizwe ngaphesheya komkhathi osentshonalanga, ekugcineni iMexico nayo. Ukuphelelwa yithemba komhlaba waseNyakatho Melika kwashintsha ikoloni lase-US, kepha akubanga nzima ukulinciphisa. I-Colonization yathuthukela eCuba, ePuerto Rico, eGuam, eHawaii, e-Alaska, ePhilippines, eLatin America nakwamanye amazwe akude. Elithi “Indian Country,” ngolimi lwamasosha aseMelika namuhla, libhekisa emazweni akude ukuthi ahlaselwe ngezinqwaba zezikhali ezibekelwe izizwe zamaMelika aseMelika.
Ukuvinjwa kokunqotshwa kwamasosha kubuye kwashintsha ikoloni lase-US, kepha empeleni kwakwenza kwaba lula kunokuba likunqande. I-Kellogg-Briand Pact yango-1928 yaqeda umkhuba wokuphatha ukunqotshwa kwendawo njengesemthethweni. Lokhu bekusho ukuthi amazwe ayekoloni angagqashula angabe esanqotshwa umhlaseli ohlukile. Isakhiwo soMhlangano weZizwe Ezihlangene sakhiwa ngezihlalo ezingama-20 ezengeziwe ezingaphezu kwama-51 ezizweni ezazikhona. Ngesikhathi yakhiwa, kwakukhona izizwe ezingama-75, ngonyaka ka-1960 zase zingu-107. Ingqikithi yadubula yenyuka ukusuka lapho ukuze isheshe ifike kuma-200 futhi igcwalise izihlalo ebezenzelwe izethameli zomphakathi.
Izizwe zazimela ngokusemthethweni, kepha azange ziyeke ukwenziwa ikoloni. Ukunqotshwa kwendawo bekusavunyelwe emacaleni athile ahlukile, anjenge-Israel, futhi ikakhulukazi izisekelo zamasosha ase-US, ezizoba khona ezifundazweni ezizimele.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II iNavy Navy yase-US yambamba isiqhingi esincane saseHawaii saseKoho'alawe ngenhla yokuhlola izikhali futhi yayala izakhamuzi zayo ukuba zihambe. Lesi siqhingi siye saba khona echithekile. Ngo-1942, ibutho laseMelika laseMelika laxosha i-Aleutian Islanders. Le mikhuba ayiphelanga ngo-1928 noma ngo-1945 yenziwa e-United States, njengakwabanye abaningi. UMongameli Harry Truman wenza umbono wakhe ukuthi izakhamuzi ezingama-170 zabomdabu baseBikini Atoll zazingenalo ilungelo lokuya esiqhingini sazo ngo-1946. Zabakhipha ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi wango-1946, futhi baphonsa njengabaleki kwezinye iziqhingi ngaphandle kwezindlela zokusekelwa noma isakhiwo senhlalo. endaweni. Eminyakeni ezayo, i-United States izosusa abantu abayi-147 e-Enewetak Atoll nabo bonke abantu baseLib Island. Ukuhlolwa kwamabhomu e-athomu ne-hydrogen e-US kwenza iziqhingi ezahlukahlukene ezihlala abantu nezinabantu namanje zingahlali muntu, okwaholela ekuqhubekeni kwezinye izindawo. Kuze kube yiminyaka yo-1960s, amasosha aseMelika asusa amakhulu abantu abavela Kwajalein Atoll. Kwenziwe i-ghetto enabantu abaningi kakhulu e-Ebeye.
On Vieques, ePuerto Rico, i-US Navy yashiya izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi phakathi kwe-1941 ne-1947, yamemezela izinhlelo zokuxosha i-8,000 esele ku-1961, kodwa yaphoqeleka ukuba ibuye futhi-ku-2003 - ukuyeka ukuqhuma ibhomu. E-Culebra eseduze, i-Navy yashiya izinkulungwane phakathi kwe-1948 no-1950 futhi izama ukususa labo abasele nge-1970s. I-Navy ikhona manje ibheka isiqhingi I-pagan njengokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Vieques ingasetshenziswa, isizwe esivele sisusiwe ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Yiqiniso, noma yikuphi ukubuyisela kuyobe kunciphise kakhulu.
Kusukela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II kodwa eqhubeka ngokuqhubeka nama-1950s, amasosha ase-US ahambela izigidi ezingama-Okinawans, noma ingxenye yesigamu, esuka ezweni lawo, ephoqelela abantu ukuba baye emakamu ababaleki kanye nezinkulungwane zokuthutha eBolivia - lapho kwakhiwe khona umhlaba nemali kodwa ayihambiswanga.
Ngo-1953, i-United States yenza isivumelwano neDenmark ukuze isuse abantu abangama-150 base-Inughuit eThule, eGreenland, ibanikeze izinsuku ezine ukuphuma noma ukubhekana nama-bulldozers. Banqatshelwa ilungelo lokubuya. Abantu bayakhubeka impela lapho uDonald Trump ehlongoza ukuthenga iGreenland, kepha ikakhulu ukungabukeli ubukhona bempi yaseMelika lapho kanye nomlando wokuthi ufike kanjani lapho.
Phakathi kuka-1968 no-1973, i-United States kanye ne-Great Britain yaxosha bonke abahlala ku-1,500 kuya ku-2,000 XNUMX base-Diego Garcia, baqoqa abantu futhi babaphoqa ukuba bangene ezikebheni ngenkathi bebulala izinja zabo egumbini lokuphehla igesi futhi baphuca umhlaba wabo wonke ukuze basebenzise i-US. ezempi.
Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea, owaxosha abantu ngokwandiswa kwezisekelo zase-US ezwenikazi ngo-2006, uye wahlasela impi yezempi yaseMelika, eminyakeni eyedlule ucekele phansi idolobhana, ugu lwayo kanye namahektare ayi-130 epulazi esiqhingini saseJeju. I-United States ngesinye isizinda esikhulu samasosha.
Cishe yonke indawo entsha, e-Italy noma eNiger noma kwenye nenye indawo, isusa abantu, yize kuhlangene nesizwe. Futhi zonke izinhlaka ezintsha zidlulisa ubukhosi, inkululeko, kanye nokubusa komthetho. Imibuso yasePersian Gulf imelana nentando yeningi ngosizo lwezisekelo zase-US, kepha inikezela ukuzimela kule nqubo futhi inikela kwisimo seMelika njengesizwe ngaphezulu kokubusa komthetho. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-US isekela ubutha obudumile e-United States nakuhulumeni wasekhaya.
Izisekelo zase-US zihloselwe ukuba zihlale unomphela, ngakho-ke ngokusobala ezinye zezimpi abazibandakanye nazo. Abezindaba baseMelika babhala "ngokuphikisana" kukaTrump nezimpi ezingapheli, noma ngabe kuphazamisa ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukuqeda noma iyiphi yazo. Izimpi ezingapheli zokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwezindawo ezimbalwa ezisalokhu zingaphandle kwethonya lase-US ebeziqhubeka eminyakeni emithathu edlule nguhulumeni wase-US zihlanganisa izimpi e-Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Libya, naseSomalia.
I-United States akuyona yodwa i-colonizer, kepha inamaphesenti angama-95 wezikhungo zamasosha angaphandle zomhlaba. Futhi isebenza ngesisekelo senkolelo ekuphakameni kwayo okuhlukile. Ngo- World BEYOND War, sikholelwa ukuthi isinyathelo sokubamba uhulumeni wase-US ekubuseni komthetho, kanye nesinyathelo sokuqeda impi, ukuvalwa kwezisekelo zakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, siyikho ukusebenza ukuphikisana nezisekelo ezintsha nokusondela ezindala emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kungenziwa. Kunezisekelo eziningi wema noma avale phansi.
Izindlela esizithathayo zifaka phakathi imfundo yomphakathi kanye nobushoshovu obungenabudlova obuqondiswe ezisekelweni nasempini jikelele. Sizama nokusebenzisa ukulimala kwemvelo kwezisekelo zamasosha ngokumelene nabo. Izisekelo zase-US zifake amanzi anobuthi emhlabathini emazweni amaningi "ngamakhemikhali angunaphakade," kepha lezo zizwe nezindawo ezifanele zenqatshelwe ilungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo noma ukulawula umhlaba wazo.
Sizama futhi indlela engaguqula inkulumo-ze yaseMelika iziphikise. Ukuzenzisa kuvame ukugcinwa ukuthi ukuba nezisekelo zase-US kuwo wonke ama-speck womhlaba ngandlela thile kwenza i-United States iphephe. A Isilinganiso esisekele isanda kudluliswa yiNdlu yase-US bese isuswa ukuze sijabulise iSenate. Bekungadingeka ukuthi iPentagon ichaze ukuthi isizinda ngasinye sakwamanye amazwe senza kanjani ukuthi iMelika iphephe, kunokuyibeka engozini noma kungabi namphumela “ekuphepheni” kwayo. Ucwaningo luzokhombisa ukuthi empeleni - phakathi kweminye imiphumela eminingi eyinhlekelele - izisekelo zakwamanye amazwe zenza ukuthi amakholoni aphephe kakhulu kunalokho abengaba ngaphandle kwawo.
Ithuba eliseduze, vele, ukuvala izisekelo zase-US e-Iraq njengoba kufunwa yi-Iraq. Umhlaba kanye nomphakathi wase-US kudingeka ujoyine i-Iraq kuleso sidingo.
Impendulo eyodwa
ngivumelana ne-decolonization!