Kungani Sisenalo Ibhomu?

NguWilliam J. Perry noTom Z. Collina, Agasti 4, 2020

Kusukela CNN

UWilliam J. Perry wasebenza njengombambisi wezokuvikela ocwaningweni kanye nezobunjiniyela ekuphatheni kukaCarter futhi njengonobhala wezokuvikela kulawulo lukaClinton. Njengamanje uqondisa iphrojekthi engenzi inzuzo kaWilliam J. Perry ukufundisa umphakathi ngezinsongo zenyukliya. UTom Z. Collina ungumqondisi wenqubomgomo ku- IsiKhwama Semifino, isisekelo sezokuphepha emhlabeni wonke esizinze eWashington, DC, futhi usebenze ngezinkinga zenqubomgomo yezikhali zenuzi iminyaka engama-30. Bangababhali abakanye incwadi entsha “Inkinobho: Umjaho Omusha Wezikhali Zenuzi Namandla KaMongameli ukusuka eTruman kuya eTrump.

UMongameli uHarry Truman wayengawaqondi ngokugcwele amandla ebhomu le-athomu lapho - ngokuyalelwa kwakhe - i-United States ilahla amabili eHiroshima naseNagasaki eminyakeni engama-75 eyedlule. Kepha lapho esebona imiphumela eyinhlekelele - amadolobha amabili ayincithakalo, lapho inani elikhulu lokufa elafinyelela kubantu abaningi Kulinganiselwa 200,000 (ngokomlando woMnyango Wezamandla weManhattan Project) - iTruman kunqunywe angaphinde asebenzise iBomb futhi futhi wafuna "ukuqeda izikhali ze-athomu njengezikhali zempi," (Ngenkathi kamuva wenqabile ukwahlulela esebenzisa i-The Bomb ngesikhathi sempi yaseKorea, ekugcineni akazange asithathe leso sinyathelo).

Omongameli baseMelika besikhathi esizayo abavela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi bavumelana kakhulu noTruman kuleli phuzu. “Ngeke nje ube nale mpi. Azikho o-bulldozer abenele ukukhukhula izidumbu emigwaqweni, ” wathi UMongameli Dwight Eisenhower ngonyaka ka-1957. Iminyaka eyishumi kamuva, ngonyaka we-1968, uMongameli uLyndon Johnson isayinwe Isivumelwano samazwe omhlaba esinikela i-US ekujezisweni kwezikhali zenuzi ezisasebenza nanamuhla. Bebhekene nemibhikisho eminingi ngeminyaka yama-1980 nangemva kokuphikisana nokuqina kwengcindezelo yenyukliya, uMongameli Ronald Reagan wafuna “ukuqedwa ngokuphelele” kwezikhali zenuzi “ebusweni bomhlaba.” Kwathi ngo-2009, uMengameli uBarack Obama wangena esikhundleni ukufuna “Ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba ongenazo izikhali zenuzi.”

Yize kunezitatimende ezinje nemizamo ephindaphindwe emazingeni aphezulu kahulumeni ukuvimba i-The Bomb, isekhona futhi isekhona. Yebo, impi yase-US neyaseRussia yehlile kakhulu kusukela ekuphakameni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, kusuka mayelana Izempi ezingama-63,476 ngonyaka ka-1986, nge-Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, zaya ku-12,170 XNUMX kulo nyaka, ngokusho ku-Federation of American Scientists - okwanele ukubhubhisa umhlaba kaningi.

Manje, ngaphansi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump, iBomu libhekene nokuthile kokuvuselelwa kabusha. UTrump uyikho ukuhlela ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe- $ 1 trillion ku-USikhali yezikhali zenuzi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Noma sinezinto ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenzisa imali kuyo, njengokuphendula izimilo nokwakha kabusha umnotho, abameli beThe The Bomb baqinisekise iCongress ukuthi ifake imali yezinhlelo zenuzi ukuthatha indawo yezitimela ezingaphansi komhlaba, iziqhumane kanye nemicibisholo esekwe emhlabeni kungathi iCold. Impi ayikaze iphele. Amalungu amaningi eCongress awazimisele ukuphonsela inselelo izikhulu zePentagon nosonkontileka bezokuvikela abagqugquzela izikhali zenuzi ezintsha, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi bazohlaselwa abaphikisi babo njengathi “bathambile” ekuzivikeleni.

Ngasikhathi sinye, abaphathi bakaTrump bashiya izivumelwano zokulawula izingalo. UTrump uyeka kusuka Esivumelwaneni Esishubile Sokulwa Namandla e-Nyukiliya ngonyaka owedlule kanti uyi- ukwenqaba ukwelula iNvumelwano eNtsha yokuQeda ephelelwa yisikhathi ngoFebhuwari 2021. Lokhu kuzosishiya singenamkhawulo oqinisekisiwe wemikhosi yezikhali yenuzi yaseRussia okokuqala ngqa kumashumi amahlanu eminyaka, futhi kungenzeka kusiholele emncintiswaneni wezikhali omusha oyingozi.

Ngakho-ke, yini okungahambanga kahle? Sihlola lo mbuzo kweyethu incwadi entsha, "Inkinobho: Umjaho Omusha Wezikhali Zenuzi Namandla KaMongameli ukusuka eTruman kuya eTrump." Nakhu esikutholile.

1. Ibhomu alikaze lisuke. Kuthathe iqembu lezepolitiki elinamandla ngeminyaka yama-1980s, kufana neBlack Lives Matter ukunyakaza namuhla maqondana nokubandakanyeka okubanzi komphakathi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha, ukugqama obala ngobungozi bomjaho wezikhali zenuzi futhi ekugcineni ukuwuqeda. Kepha njengoba ama-arsenals ehla ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, umphakathi ucabanga ukuthi le nqubo uzozinakekela. Ukukhathazeka kudluliselwe kwezinye izindaba ezibalulekile, njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungalingani kwezinhlanga kanye nokulawulwa kwezibhamu. Kepha ngaphandle kwengcindezi yomphakathi ebonakalayo, ngisho nabongameli abagqugquzelekile njengo-Obama bakuthola kunzima ukwakha futhi sisekele intando yezepolitiki edingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe inqubomgomo egxilile.
2. I-Bhomu iyachuma emathunzini. Isebenza ngaphansi kwe-radar yezepolitiki, ukuphathwa kweTrump kanye nezikhundla zayo zokwenza amandla enuzi, njenge-Advisor yangaphambili kaZwelonke Yezokuphepha UJohn Bolton kanye nenxusa LikaMongameli Elikhethekile Lokulawula Izikhali UMarshall Billingslea, bakusebenzise ngokugcwele ukunganakwa komphakathi. IBomb manje selungolunye udaba amaRepublican alusebenzisayo ukwenza amaDemocrats abukeke “ebuthakathaka.” Njengodaba lwezepolitiki, i-Bomb inejusi eyanele phakathi kwama-conservatives okugcina iningi lamaDemocrats livikelekile, kepha alanele nomphakathi jikelele ukuqinisa amaDemocrats ukuthi afune ushintsho lwangempela.
3. Umongameli ozinikele akwanele. Noma ngabe umongameli olandelayo uzibophezele ekuguquleni inqubomgomo yamandla enuzi yaseMelika, uma esehhovisi uzobhekana nokumelana okukhulu nokushintsha kusuka kuCongress kanye nosonkontileka bezokuvikela, phakathi kokunye, okuzoba nzima ukunqoba ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okuqinile komphakathi. Sidinga isifunda esinamandla sangaphandle sokucindezela umongameli ukuthi asilethe. Sineqembu elinamandla elinikezwe amandla emalungelweni omphakathi nakwezinye izingqinamba, kepha ikakhulukazi, alifaki izikhali zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali eningi egelezela ekwakhiweni kwenyuklea ingasetshenziswa njengokukhokha phansi ukulungisa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu njenge-coronavirus, ukufudumala komhlaba kanye nokulingana kwezinhlanga. Ekugcineni, i-The Bomb isenathi ngoba, ngokungafani nawo-1980, akukho ukunyakaza okuningana okufuna ukuthi sikunikeze. Futhi azikho izindleko zezepolitiki ezibonakalayo kubaongameli noma amalungu eCongress aqhubeka nokuvotela imali ethe xaxa ngezikhali zenuzi noma ebukela phansi izivumelwano ezibakhawulela.

Izinsongo ezivela ku-The Bomb azihambanga. Eqinisweni, bakhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. UMongameli uTrump unegunya kuphela ukuqala impi yenuzi. Wayekwazi ukwethula izikhali zenuzi kuqala ephendula i-alamu yamanga, okuyingozi kuhlanganisiwe ngokusatshiswa nge-cyber. I-Air Force yakha kabusha imicibisholo yase-US esekelwe emhlabathini ngezigidi ezingama- $ 100 noma kunjalo kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuqala impi yenuzi ngephutha.

Iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu ngemuva kukaHiroshima neNagasaki, sesiphokophele endleleni engeyiyo. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi umphakathi waseMelika unakekele ngempi yenuzi - futhi. Uma singakwenzi lokho, abaholi bethu ngeke. Uma singaqedi iBhomu, iBhomu lizosiqeda.