Yini Emanzini Akho, Pleasanton?

Ngo-Pat Elder, uJanuwari 23, 2020

Isihloko esilandelayo sithunyelwe e-East Bay Express kodwa asizange siyithole impendulo.

Amanzi omthombo ePleasanton, eCalifornia angcoliswe kakhulu yi-PFAS. Ivelaphi? 

Isihloko sikaBrett Simpson sika-East Bay Express, Inkinga Yekhwalithi Yamanzi Kazwelonke Ezayo, (Jan. 14) ayizange ihlole ngokugcwele izinga lokungcoliswa kwe-PFAS emanzini e-Pleasanton futhi yehlulekile ukucabangela ukufakwa kwezempi okuseduze njengembangela engaba khona yokungcoliswa kwe-PFAS emanzini edolobha.  

I-athikili ithi i-Pleasanton's Well 8 itholwe iqukethe izingxenye eziyi-108 ku-trillion (ppt) ye-PFAS. Amanzi aqukethe ama-250.75 ppt we-carcinogens, ngokusho kweCalifornia Water Board. 

Umjikelezo wokuqala wamasampula e-PFAS we-Public Water Systems - Ephreli 1st kuya kuJuni 30th 2019

Imithombo: i-waterboards.ca.gov futhi amasosi wezempi.org.

Abezindaba nezinhlelo zamanzi ezweni lonke zivame ukungakunaki ukubika ubukhona nokubaluleka kwezinto “ezingezona i-PFOS + PFOA” ze-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) futhi zidide umphakathi ngomehluko phakathi kwalokhu nePFOS nePFOA eyaziwa kakhulu. I-Per Fluoro Octane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) kanye ne-Per Fluoro Octanoic Acid (PFOA) ngamakhemikhali amabili kwangaphezu kuka-6,000 e-PFAS asethuthukisiwe, futhi wonke abhekwa njengosongo empilweni yomuntu.  

Ake sizame lokho futhi. I-PFOS ne-PFOA yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-PFAS futhi zonke zimbi.

I-Los Angeles Times yabhala indaba ngo-Okthoba ka-2019, Amakhulu emithombo angcolile kulo lonke elaseCalifornia. Isihloko sasihlanganisa i imephu exhumana lokho okubike kancane ukungcoliswa kwe-PFAS ezweni lonke. Isibonelo, chofoza amachashazi kumephu we-Pleasanton futhi uzothola izinombolo ezihambisana nokungcoliswa kwe-PFOS ne-PFOA. Bangu-123.75 ppt. Idolobhana, nokho, line-127 ppt yezinye "ezinye i-PFAS" ezinhlanu emanzini alo, afinyelela ku-250.75 ppt. Chofoza kuBurbank futhi uzothola ukuthi idolobha alinakho ukungcola kwePFOS/PFOA; Nokho, iBurbank ine-108.4 ppt yamanye amakhemikhali ayingozi. 

I-PFBS, i-PFHpA, i-PFNA, i-PFHxA ne-PFHxS zonke zibonise ukugxila emanzini e-Pleasanton adlula u-5.1 ppt wezwe. izinga lesaziso le-PFOA. I-PFHxS ibonise i-77.5 ppt ephezulu. Lawa makhemikhali asetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezempi neyezimboni. 

Ungangabazi ukuthi ziyingozi.  

Wonke amakhemikhali e-PFAS ayingozi futhi akufanele ukuthi siwaphuze. Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi eziphezulu zezwe zithi i-1 ppt ye-PFAS ingaba yingozi empilweni yomphakathi.  Owesifazane okhulelwe e-Pleasanton kufanele axwayiswe ngokushesha ukuthi angaphuzi amanzi aqukethe i-PFAS. 

Amazinga e-PFAS emanzini (amanzi okuphuza namanzi angaphansi) kufanele alawulwe eduze futhi abikwe kaningi emphakathini nguhulumeni wobumbano, izifundazwe, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Ucwaningo oluthunyelwe ku-Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee ye-Stockholm Convention lubika lokhu okutholakele kwe-PFHxS okutholakala kumazinga aphezulu emanzini ase-Pleasanton: 

• I-PFHxS itholakele egazini le-umbilical ngentambo futhi idluliselwa kumbungu ngezinga elikhulu kunalokho okubikiwe kwiPFOS.
• Ucwaningo lubonise ukuhlobana phakathi kwamazinga e-serum e-PFHxS namazinga e-serum e-cholesterol, ama-lipoprotein, ama-triglycerides nama-fatty acids amahhala.
• Imiphumela emgudwini we-hormone ye-thyroid ikhonjisiwe ye-PFHxS ezifundweni zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
• Ukuvezwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwe-PFHxS kuhlotshaniswa nokuvela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-ottis media, pneumonia, virus ye-RS kanye ne-varicella) esemncane.

I-US yehlulekile ukuqinisa iSivumelwano sase-Stockholm esikhulunywe ngenhla. Ukuqinisekiswa kwayo `kungaba nomthelela omubi kubakhiqizi bamakhemikhali abaningi abajulile nabagxile kwezombusazwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni wase-US uhlinzeka ngolwazi oluncane kakhulu emphakathini ngalawa makhemikhali ayingozi. 

Ngokwesibonelo,  I-Toxnet,  insiza emangalisayo ehlole imiphumela yezinto ezifana ne-PFHxS, isanda kuhlakazwa yi-NIH's, National Library of Medicine.  

I-Toxmap iphinde yanqanyulwa yi-NIH muva nje. Leyo sevisi inikeze imephu esebenzisanayo yokuthola amasayithi okukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ezweni lonke. 

Impungushe ibusa izinkukhu.

Njengoba i-EPA ihlezi eceleni ngokwenqaba ukulawula amakhemikhali e-PFAS kanye nesifundazwe saseCalifornia sihudula izinyawo ekusunguleni amazinga aphezulu okungcola e-PFAS, kubalulekile emiphakathini esengozini njengePleasanton ukuthi ihole ekuvikeleni impilo yomphakathi.

Ngokudabukisayo, lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ezitatimendeni zezikhulu zedolobha nezamanzi ezweni lonke ezibheke kuhulumeni wobumbano noma kuhulumeni wesifunda ukuze uthole izixazululo. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungu loMkhandlu Wedolobha lasePleasanton uJerry Pentin uthe, “Sidinga izwe ukuba lihole, uhulumeni wobumbano ahole, futhi usisize sithole izixazululo ukuze amanzi ethu aphephe.”

I-East Bay Express yabika, “Idolobha namanje alazi ukuthi ukungcola kuvelaphi. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhemikhali asegcwele yonke indawo futhi ephikelela endaweni ezungezile, amazinga aphezulu okutholwa awakhombisi ngaso sonke isikhathi umngcolisi osobala, njengendawo yezimboni, indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu, noma isikhumulo sezindiza.”

Emithonjeni engama-568 ehlolwe yi- California State Water Resources Board kumakhemikhali e-PFAS ngo-2019, angama-308 (54.2%) atholakala equkethe eyodwa noma izinhlobonhlobo ze-PFAS.

Ibhodi Lamanzi lihlole izikhumulo zezindiza zezakhamuzi, izindawo zokulahla imfucuza kamasipala, nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza endaweni eyikhilomitha elingu-1 lemithombo kakade eyaziwa ukuthi iqukethe i-PFAS. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile okumbalwa njenge-Pleasanton, ukuhlolwa kwahlala kude nemiphakathi eseduze nokufakwa kwezempi. Isamba se Izingxenye eziyi-19,228 ku-trillion (ppt) yezinhlobo eziyi-14 ze-PFAS ezihloliwe zitholwe kuleyo mithombo engama-308. Ama-51% bekungaba yi-PFOS noma i-PFOA kanti ama-49% asele abezinye izinhlobo ze-PFAS.        

Ngaleso sikhathi, izisekelo ezinhlanu zamasosha esifundazweni: I-China Lake Naval Air Station, Port Hueneme Naval Base Ventura County, Mather Air Force Base, Tustin USMC Air Station, kanye neTravis Air Force Base zingcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nge-11,472,000 ppt, yePFOS + PFOA. Uma ukuhlukaniswa okucishe kube ngu-50-50 phakathi kwePFOS/PFOA nokunye ukungcola kwePFAS okutholakala emithonjeni engama-308 ehlolwe kuso sonke isifundazwe kuyinkomba, lokhu kufakwa okuhlanu kuzoba nesibopho sokunukubezeka kwePFAS emazingeni angaphezu kuka-20,000,000 ppt. Izisekelo zamasosha ezingaphezu kwe-50 zaziwa ukuthi zisebenzise i-PFAS eCalifornia. Amasosha kungenzeka akhiphe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamalitha egwebu lokucisha umlilo eliqukethe lezi zibulala-magciwane ezibulalayo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba aseCalifornia nangaphezulu.

Yize Amasosha edalule ukuthi amanzi adinki angcoliswe amakhemikhali e-PFAS ezindaweni eziseduze zaseCamp Parks, ayikayidalulanga imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ngokufanayo, U-Lawrence Livermore National Laborator ayizange iveze obala izinga lokunukubezeka kwe-PFAS emanzini ayo angaphansi komhlaba noma emanzini okuphuza, nakuba lesi sikhungo siphakathi kwezindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu ezweni. Ukuhlola okuningi okwenziwa lapho kuhilela ukuhlola iziqhumane ezingadinga ukusetshenziswa kwezicishamlilo. Ama-Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) afana ne-TCE, i-PCE, i-Uranium Ephelile, i-tritium, ama-PCB nama-dioxins, i-perchlorate, i-nitrate ne-freon yizinto ezingcolisa kakhulu ezitholakala kusayithi. 

Imfucumfucu enobuthi isabalale endaweni yonke, okuhlanganisa nemigodi yezilwane enemisebe. Izifunzo zingcwatshwe  imishini yaselabhu, imfucumfucu yezitolo zezandla kanye nemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo. I-Livermore inamachweba alahla ubuthi kanye nendawo eshisayo eshisa iziqhumane. Lo msebenzi ungcolisa umhlaba, umoya, namanzi eduze kwasePleasanton.

Abantu basePleasanton abaqiniseki ukuthi i-PFAS ivelaphi. Akunzima kangako ukuthola. Hlola amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eduze kwaseLivermore namaPaki. 

Pat Elder uku World BEYOND War ibhodi labaqondisi, futhi ingatholakala ku www.civilianexposure.org futhi
www.militarypoisons.org.