NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Februwari 26, i-2023
UDavid Swanson ungumbhali wencwadi entsha I-Monroe Doctrine at 200 nokuthi Yini Ongayishintsha Ngayo.
Isinyathelo esikhulu singathathwa uhulumeni wase-US ngokuqeda kalula umkhuba owodwa omncane wokukhuluma: ukuzenzisa. Ingabe ufuna ukuba yingxenye “yohlelo olusekelwe emithethweni”? Bese ujoyina eyodwa! Kukhona okulindele, futhi iLatin America iyayihola.
Ezivumelwaneni eziyi-18 zamalungelo abantu ezinkulu zeNhlangano Yezizwe, i-United States iyingxenye yesi-5. I-United States ihola ukuphikiswa kwedemokhrasi yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene futhi ibamba kalula irekhodi lokusebenzisa i-veto eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha phakathi neminyaka engama-50 edlule.
I-United States ayidingi "ukuhlehlisa inkambo futhi ihole umhlaba" njengoba isidingo esivamile singaba nayo ezihlokweni eziningi lapho i-United States iziphatha ngendlela elimazayo. I-United States idinga, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukujoyina umhlaba futhi izame ukuthola i-Latin America eye yahola ekudaleni umhlaba ongcono. Amazwekazi amabili abusa ubulungu BeNkantolo Yobugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe futhi alwela ngokungathi sína ukugcina umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe: i-Europe kanye neMelika eningizimu ye-Texas. I-Latin America ihamba phambili ebulungwini beSivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zenuzi. Cishe yonke i-Latin America iyingxenye yendawo engenazo izikhali zenuzi, ngaphambi kwanoma yiliphi elinye izwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia.
Izizwe zaseLatin America zijoyina futhi zibambe izivumelwano futhi noma kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo eMhlabeni. Abanazo izikhali zenuzi, zamakhemikhali, noma zebhayoloji - naphezu kokuba nezisekelo zamasosha ase-US. I-Brazil kuphela ethumela izikhali futhi inani lincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Kusukela ngo-2014 e-Havana, amazwe angamalungu angaphezu kuka-30 oMphakathi Wamazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean aboshelwe yiSimemezelo Sendawo Yokuthula.
Ngo-2019, i-AMLO yenqaba isiphakamiso esivela kuMongameli waseMelika ngaleso sikhathi uTrump sempi ehlanganyelwe nabathengisi bezidakamizwa, iphakamisa ukuthi kuqedwe impi:
“Okubi kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi, into embi kakhulu esingayibona, kungaba yimpi. Labo abafunde ngempi, noma labo abahlukunyezwe yimpi, bayazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini impi. Impi iphambene nepolitiki. Ngihlale ngisho ukuthi ipolitiki yasungulwa ukuze kugwenywe impi. Impi ifana nokungabi nangqondo. Impi ayinangqondo. Thina esokuthula. Ukuthula kuyisimiso salo hulumeni omusha.
Abagunyaziwe abanayo indawo kulo hulumeni engiwumele. Kufanele kubhalwe izikhathi eziyi-100 njengesijeziso: samemezela impi futhi ayizange isebenze. Lokho akuyona inketho. Lelo su lihlulekile. Ngeke sibe yingxenye yalokho. . . . Ukubulala akuwona ubuhlakani, obudinga okungaphezu kwamandla anonya.”
Yinto eyodwa ukusho ukuthi uyayiphikisa impi. Kungenye ngokuphelele ukubekwa esimweni lapho abaningi bengakutshela ukuthi impi iyona kuphela inketho futhi usebenzise inketho ephakeme kunalokho. Okuhamba phambili ekuboniseni le nkambo ehlakaniphe kakhulu iLatin America. Ngo-1931, abaseChile gumbuqela umashiqela ngaphandle kobudlova. Ngo-1933 futhi futhi ngo-1935, amaCuba gumbuqela omongameli besebenzisa iziteleka ezijwayelekile. Ngo-1944, omashiqela abathathu, UMaximiliano Hernandez Martinez (UMsindisi), Jorge Ubico (Guatemala), kanye UCarlos Arroyo del Río (e-Ecuador) baxoshwa ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso okungenabudlova. Ngo-1946, abantu baseHaiti babengenalo ubudlova gumbuqela umashiqela. (Mhlawumbe iMpi Yezwe II kanye “nomakhelwane omuhle” kwanikeza iLatin America ukuphumula kancane “esizo” lukamakhelwane wayo osenyakatho.) Ngo-1957, abantu baseColombia ngokungenabudlova. gumbuqela umashiqela. Ngo-1982 eBolivia, abantu babengenalo ubudlova kuvinjelwe ukuketulwa kwezempi. Ngo-1983, Omama bePlaza de Mayo Won izinguquko zentando yeningi kanye nokubuyiselwa (kwamanye) amalungu omndeni wabo "anyamalele" ngesenzo esingenalo udlame. Ngo-1984, abantu base-Uruguay iphelile uhulumeni wezempi onesiteleka esivamile. Ngo-1987, abantu base-Argentina ngaphandle kobudlova kuvinjelwe ukuketulwa kwezempi. Ngo-1988, abaseChile ngokungenabudlova gumbuqela umbuso wePinochet. Ngo-1992, abantu baseBrazil babengenalo ubudlova waphuma ngemoto umongameli okhohlakele. Ngo-2000, amaPeruvia ngokungenabudlova gumbuqela umashiqela u-Alberto Fujimori. Ngo-2005, abantu base-Ecuadorians ngaphandle kobudlova Ubhace umongameli okhohlakele. E-Ecuador, umphakathi usuneminyaka usebenzisa isenzo esingenalo udlame nokuxhumana Jika uphunde Emuva ukuthathwa komhlaba kuhlonyiwe yinkampani yezimayini. Ngo-2015, amaGuatemalans kucindezelwe umongameli okhohlakele ukuthi asule esikhundleni. E-Colombia, umphakathi une bathi izwe layo futhi lazisusa kakhulu empini. Okunye umphakathi in Mexico bekulokhu ukwenza okufanayo. ECanada, eminyakeni yamuva nje, abantu bomdabu baye basebenzisa izenzo ezingenabudlova ukuze ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwamapayipi ngezikhali ezindaweni zabo. Imiphumela yokhetho lwe-pink tide eminyakeni yamuva nje e-Latin America iphinde ibe umphumela wezishoshovu eziningi ezingenalo udlame.
I-Latin America inikeza amamodeli amaningi amasha ongawafunda futhi uwathuthuke, okuhlanganisa imiphakathi eminingi yendabuko ephila ngokusimeme nokuthula, okuhlanganisa amaZapatistas asebenzisa ubushoshovu obungenalo udlame kakhulu nokwandayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe iziphetho zentando yeningi nezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kuhlanganise nesibonelo saseCosta Rica sokuqeda impi yayo, ibeka lokho. ezempi emnyuziyamu lapho ingeyakho, nokuba ngcono ngayo.
I-Latin America iphinde inikeze amamodeli ento edingeka kabi ku-Monroe Doctrine: ikhomishana yeqiniso nokubuyisana.
Izizwe zaseLatin America, naphezu kokubambisana kweColombia ne-NATO (okungashintshwanga ngokusobala nguhulumeni wayo omusha), azizange zizimisele ukujoyina impi esekelwa yi-US- kanye ne-NATO phakathi kwe-Ukraine neRussia, noma ukugxeka noma ukujezisa ngokwezimali uhlangothi lwayo kuphela.
Umsebenzi ophambi kwe-United States uwukuqeda i-Monroe Doctrine yayo, futhi ingaqedi eLatin America kuphela kodwa emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ingagcini nje ngokuyiqeda kodwa esikhundleni sayo ithathelwe izinyathelo ezinhle zokujoyina umhlaba njengelungu eligcina umthetho, ukusekela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, nokubambisana ekulweni nezikhali zenuzi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ubhadane lwezifo, ukungabi namakhaya, kanye nobumpofu. I-Monroe Doctrine ayizange ibe umthetho, futhi imithetho ekhona manje iyakwenqabela. Akukho okumele kuhoxiswe noma kwenziwe umthetho. Okudingekayo nje uhlobo lokuziphatha okuhle osopolitiki base-US abaqhubeka benza sengathi sebevele bebambe iqhaza kukho.
UDavid Swanson ungumbhali wencwadi entsha I-Monroe Doctrine at 200 nokuthi Yini Ongayishintsha Ngayo.
