Ibhalwe nguLawrence Wittner, Ukuthula Nezempilo Blog, Februwari 11, i-2022
Abahlaziyi benkinga yamanje yase-Ukraine ngezinye izikhathi bayiqhathanisa nenkinga yezikhali ezicitshwayo zaseCuba. Lesi isiqhathaniso esihle-hhayi kuphela ngoba zombili zibandakanya ukulwa okuyingozi kwe-US-Russian okungaholela empini yenuzi.
Phakathi nenhlekelele yaseCuba yango-1962, isimo sasifana ngokuphawulekayo naleso eMpumalanga Yurophu yanamuhla, nakuba izindima ezinkulu zamandla zahlehliswa.
Ngo-1962, iSoviet Union yangenelela emkhakheni kahulumeni wase-US ozichaza wona ngokwawo ngokufaka imicibisholo yenuzi ephakathi nendawo eCuba, okuyisizwe esingamakhilomitha angama-90 kuphela ukusuka e-US. ogwini. Uhulumeni waseCuba wayecele le micibisholo njengesivimbelo ekuhlaselweni kwe-US, ukuhlasela okwakubonakala kungenzeka uma kubhekwa umlando omude wokungenelela kwe-US ezindabeni zaseCuba, kanye nokuhlasela kwe-Bay of Pigs okwakuxhaswe yi-US ngo-1961.
Uhulumeni waseSoviet wavuma kulesi sicelo ngoba wayefuna ukuqinisekisa umngane wawo omusha waseCuba ngokuvikeleka kwawo. Kuphinde kwaba nomuzwa wokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwemicibisholo kuzolingana nebhalansi yenuzi, e-US. Uhulumeni wayesezifakile imicibisholo yenuzi eTurkey, emngceleni weRussia.
Ngokombono kahulumeni wase-US, iqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni waseCuba unelungelo lokuzenzela izinqumo zokuphepha nokuthi uhulumeni waseSoviet wayemane nje ukopisha inqubomgomo yase-US eTurkey kwakungebalulekile kakhulu kunokucabanga ukuthi kwakungeke kube khona ukuyekethisa lapho kufika. emkhakheni wendabuko wase-US wethonya eCaribbean naseLatin America. Ngakho, uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy wayala i-US. i-naval blockade (ayibize ngokuthi "i-quarantine") ezungeze i-Cuba futhi yathi ngeke ikuvumele ukuba khona kwemicibisholo yenuzi esiqhingini. Ukuvikela ukususwa kwemicibisholo, umemezele, wayengeke "ahlehle" "empini yenuzi yomhlaba wonke."
Ekugcineni, le nkinga enzima yaxazululeka. Kennedy kanye noNdunankulu waseSoviet uNikita Khrushchev bavumelana ngokuthi i-USSR izosusa imicibisholo eCuba, kanti uKennedy wathembisa ukuthi ngeke ahlasele iCuba futhi asuse imicibisholo yase-US eTurkey.
Ngeshwa, umphakathi womhlaba ufike nokungaqondi ukuthi ukubhekana ne-US.-Soviet kufike esiphethweni esinokuthula. Isizathu kwakuwukuthi ukukhishwa kwemicibisholo yase-US eTurkey kwakugcinwe kuyimfihlo. Ngakho, kwabonakala sengathi uKennedy, owayethathe umugqa oqinile esidlangalaleni, wayezuze ukunqoba okuphawulekayo kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi phezu kweKhrushchev. Ukungaboni ngaso linye okudumile kwahlanganiswa emazwini kaNobhala Wezwe uDean Rusk wokuthi la madoda amabili ayemile “enhlamvu yeso,” futhi uKhrushchev “wacwayiza.”
Okwenzeka ngempela, nokho, njengoba manje sesazi, ngenxa yezambulo zakamuva zikaRusk kanye noNobhala Wezokuvikela uRobert McNamara, ukuthi uKennedy noKhrushchev babona, ngokudumazeka kwabo, ukuthi amazwe abo amabili ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi afinyelele endaweni eyingozi kakhulu futhi. zazishibilika zibheke empini yenuzi. Ngenxa yalokho, benza izingxoxo eziyimfihlo eziphezulu ezanciphisa isimo. Esikhundleni sokumisa imicibisholo emingceleni yazo zombili lezi zizwe, bamane bayiqeda. Esikhundleni sokulwa nesimo seCuba, uhulumeni wase-US wayeka noma yimuphi umbono wokuhlasela. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngokulandela okufanelekile, u-Kennedy no-Khrushchev basayina I-Partial Test Ban Treaty, isivumelwano sokuqala somhlaba sokulawula izikhali zenuzi.
Impela, ukwehla kungase kuxazululwe mayelana nokungqubuzana kwanamuhla kwe-Ukraine neMpumalanga Yurophu. Isibonelo, njengoba amazwe amaningi esifundeni ajoyine i-NATO noma enza isicelo sokwenza lokho ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi iRussia izophinde ilawule izizwe zawo, uhulumeni waseRussia angawanikeza iziqinisekiso zokuphepha ezifanele, njengokujoyina kabusha i-Conventional Armed Forces. I-Europe Treaty, lapho iRussia yahoxa khona eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule. Noma amazwe aphikisanayo angaphinde avakashele iziphakamiso ze-European Common Security, ezaduma ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nguMikhail Gorbachev. Okungenani, iRussia kufanele ihoxise i-armada yayo enkulu, eklanyelwe ngokusobala ukusabisa noma ukuhlasela, emingceleni yase-Ukraine.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wase-US angathatha ezawo izindlela zokwehlisa izinga. Kungase kucindezele uhulumeni wase-Ukraine ukuthi wamukele ifomula yaseMinsk yokuzimela kwesifunda engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleso sizwe. Ingase futhi izibandakanye emihlanganweni yesikhathi eside yezokuphepha eMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga engase yenze isivumelwano sokudambisa ukungezwani eMpumalanga Yurophu ngokujwayelekile. Izinyathelo eziningi ziyatholakala ngale migqa, okuhlanganisa ukufaka izikhali ezihlaselayo esikhundleni sezikhali zokuzivikela kubalingani be-NATO baseMpumalanga Yurophu. Futhi asikho isidingo sokuthatha umugqa oqinile ekwamukeleni ubulungu be-NATO yase-Ukraine, njengoba alukho uhlelo lokucabangela ubulungu bayo esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.
Ukungenelela komuntu wesithathu, ikakhulukazi yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, kungaba usizo ngokukhethekile. Phela, kungaba amahloni kakhulu ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US wamukele isiphakamiso sikahulumeni waseRussia, noma okuphambene nalokho, kunokuba bobabili bamukele isiphakamiso esenziwe umuntu wangaphandle, futhi okungenzeka ukuthi angathathi hlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka esikhundleni samasosha ase-US nawe-NATO ngamabutho e-UN emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu cishe kuzovusa ubutha obuncane kanye nesifiso sokungenelela kukahulumeni waseRussia.
Njengoba inkinga yezikhali ezicitshwayo zaseCuba ekugcineni yaqinisekisa uKennedy noKhrushchev, esikhathini senuzi kuncane okungazuzwa-futhi kukhulu okuzolahleka-lapho amandla amakhulu eqhubeka nemikhuba yawo yamakhulu eminyaka yokuqopha imikhakha yethonya ekhethekile kanye nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini ephezulu. ezigxotsheni izingxabano zamasosha.
Impela, nathi, singakwazi ukufunda enkingeni yaseCuba ―futhi kumele sifunde kuyo-uma sifuna ukusinda.
UDkt. Lawrence S. Wittner (www.lawrenceswittner.com/) unguProfesa we-Emeritus Emlandweni ku-SUNY / Albany nomlobi we Ukubhekana neBhomu (I-Stanford University Press).
