NguRaed Jarrar, Novemba 22, 2019
Kusukela Umhlaba Nje
Emavikini okugcina e-6, kungaphezu kwama-300 Iraqis abulewe kwathi ngaphezulu kwama-15,000 balimala ekuvukeni kwamagazi okungekho kuzinhloko zase-US.
Ugqugquzelwe yisiphithiphithi eLebanon nemiboniso eGibhithe, ngo-Okthoba Iraqis bathatha baya emigwaqweni bekhalaza uhulumeni wabo. Iningi lalabo ababhikishayo yisizukulwane esisha sabase-Iraq abancane abafika eminyakeni yobudala ngemuva kokuhlasela kwase-US eBaghdad e-2003.
Ngemuva kwalokhu kuhlasela, umbuso omusha wase-Iraq wamukela ukulandisa obekulungisa amaphutha awo ngokuwafanisa nohulumeni kaSaddam Hussein. Kepha ngentsha yase-Iraq engakaze ihlale ngaphansi kokubusa kukaSaddam, lokho kulandisa akubambanga samba futhi akunakuthethelela ukonakala nokungasebenzi kohulumeni wamanje. Ekhungathekile, intsha iye yathusa isigaba sezepolitiki ngokuqhakambisa igagasi elisha lemibhikisho enenselelo esisekelweni senqubo yezepolitiki.
Imibhikisho ekuqaleni ibangelwa ukukhathazeka kwansuku zonke: ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukungatholakali kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nenkohlakalo egcwele kuhulumeni. Ababhikishi base-Iraq bayazi ukuthi lezi zinkinga azinakuxazululwa ngaphandle kokushintsha okubanzi ngohlelo - futhi ngenxa yalokho, izimfuno zabo zigxile ezingqikithini ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuqeda ukungenelela kwangaphandle, kanye nokuqeda ukubuswa kwezinhlangano zokuziphatha.
Lezi zidingo zibeka usongo okukhona kukho konke kwesigaba sezombusazwe e-Iraq esifakwe ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe2003, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kusongela emandleni aphesheya atshaliwe kuhulumeni wamanje - ikakhulukazi i-United States ne-Iran.
Ukuphela Kokungenelela Kwangaphandle
Ngokungafani nokuthi i-US kanye ne-Iran bavame kanjani ukuba nezimpi zommeleli eMiddle East lapho bezikhona “ezinhlangothini” eziphikisayo, i-Iraq ibingafani nalokhu. I-Iran kanye ne-United States basekele amaqembu aqondile ezepolitiki e-Iraq kusukela e2003. Kwenzeka kanjalo nje ukuthi, ngenxa yezizathu zokuma komhlaba, ukwahlukanisa i-Iraq ngezigaba zamahlelo nezinhlanga futhi kusekelwa lawo maSunni, amaShia, amaKurdish namanye amaqembu asuselwa ezinhlangeni kwaqondiswa zombili izintshisekelo zase-US nase-Iran.
Womabili la mazwe abelokhu exhasa umbuso wamanje e-Iraq ngokwezepolitiki, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ekuyixhasa ngokuyihlinzeka ngazo zonke izikhali, ukuqeqeshwa, nabasebenzi abakudingayo ukuze baphile. I-US ithumele ngaphezulu kwe- $ 2 yezigidigidi kuhulumeni wase-Iraq kusukela i-2012 njengengxenye yephakeji lonyaka lezezimali laseMelika. I-US futhi ithengise umbuso wase-Iraq ngaphezulu kwezikhali eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 23 kusukela nge2003. Ukuvikela umbuso wase-Iraq kubantu bakhona, abezempi base-Iranian abasekelile babambe iqhaza ekubulaweni kwababhikishi. Amnesty International muva nje kubika ukuthi i-Iran ingumhlinzeki oyinhloko wamakesi wegesi izinyembezi esetshenziswa ukubulala ababhikishi base-Iraq nsuku zonke.
Ukukhohlakala kanye nokungasebenzi kombuso wase-Iraq kuyizimpawu zokuthi kuncike emandleni angaphandle njenge-US ne-Iran. Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wase-Iraq azinendaba uma ama-Iraq evuma ukusebenza kwawo, futhi akanandaba nokuthi iningi lama-Iraq alinazo izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ngoba akusona isisekelo sokuba khona kwazo.
Ababhikishi base-Iraq - kungakhathalekile ukuthi bahlukaniswa yini ngokwebala noma ngesizinda sabo sobuhlanga - badinwe ngokuhlala ezweni elinamakhasimende angenabo ubukhosi futhi lingomunye wohulumeni abonakele kakhulu, abangasebenzi emhlabeni. Babiza konke ukungenelela ukuthi kuphele, noma ngabe kuvela e-US, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, noma kwa-Israyeli. Abakwa-Iraq bafuna ukuhlala ezweni elibuswa uhulumeni othembele kubantu bakhona, hhayi amandla aphesheya.
Ukuqeda Ukubusa Kwezinhlanga Nezindawo
Kwi-2003 i-US yasungula isakhiwo sokuphatha ezombusazwe e-Iraq esasigxile kwizilinganiso zezinhlelo zokuziphatha (umongameli wamaKurdish, uNdunankulu yiShia, uMongameli wePhalamende iSunni, njll.). Le nqubo ebekiwe idale futhi yafaka ukuhlukana ngaphakathi ezweni (ebelilincane ngaphambi kokuhlasela okuholwa yi-US), futhi kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezimpi zebutho labantu abasebukhosini kanye nokubhujiswa kwebutho elihlangene lezempi. Kulesi sakhiwo, osopolitiki baqokwa hhayi ngokusezingeni lokuthola iziqu, kodwa kunalokho ngesizinda sabo sezinhlanga nezamahlelo. Njengomphumela, ama-Iraqis asuselwe ekubandakanyekeni kwezinhlanga namahlelo, futhi izwe lelo liholwa ngabezempi nabamahlelo abahlomile (ISIS kwakuyisibonelo esisodwa salokhu). Isigaba sezepolitiki esikhona njengamanje sike sasebenza ngale ndlela, kanti nentsha ihlele futhi yaqhakambisa kuzo zonke izinhlaka zamahlelo ukufuna ukuthi kuphele lokho.
Ababhikishi base-Iraq bafuna ukuhlala ezweni elihlangene elibuswa uhulumeni osebenzayo lapho izikhulu zikhethwa ngokuhambisana neziqu zazo - hhayi ukuzihlanganisa kwabo neqembu lezepolitiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela uhlelo lokhetho e-Iraq olusebenza ngayo manje ukuthi abantu base-Iraq bavotela amaqembu ikakhulukazi hhayi amalungu ngamanye ePhalamende. Amaqembu amaningi ahlukaniswe ngemigqa yamahlelo. Abakwa-Iraq bafuna ukuguqula uhlelo bavote kubantu ababhekene necala lokubusa izwe.
Yini abantu baseMelika abangayenza?
Ngandlela thile, lokho intsha yase-Iraq evukela manje kungumbuso owakhiwa i-US futhi wabusiswa yi-Iran e-2003. Lokhu kunguquko elwa namagugu ase-US e-Iraq aqhubeka nokubulala ama-Iraq futhi abhubhise izwe lawo.
I-US inerekhodi elibi e-Iraq. Amacala ase-US aqala ngeMpi yokuqala ye-Gulf e-1991 futhi aqhubeka nokuhlasela ngesikhathi sokuhlasela nokuhlaselwa kwe-2003 kuyaqhubeka namuhla ngokusekelwa kwezempi nakwezepolitiki okunikezwe umbuso wase-Iraq. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuma ngobumbano futhi sisekele i-Iraqis namuhla - kepha kithina esingabakhokhi bentela base-US, kufanele siqale ngokubopha uhulumeni wase-US. Uhulumeni wase-US usebenzisa amadola ethu entela ukuze axhase uhulumeni onesihluku nodoti ose-Iraq ongakwazi ukuzimela ngokwakhe - ngakho-ke ngenkathi abakwa-Iraq sebevukela lo hulumeni oxhaswe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe ezweni labo, okuncane kakhulu esingakwenza ukufaka uhulumeni wethu ukusika usizo lwayo embusweni wase-Iraq, futhi uyeke ukuxhasa ngezimali ukubulawa kwe-Iraqis.
URaed Jarrar (@raedjarrar) ungumhlaziyi wezepolitiki wase-Arabhiya kanye nesishoshovu samalungelo abantu esizinze eWashington, DC.
