Yiziphi Izisekelo Zezempi Zangaphandle?

Uma ufana nabantu abaningi e-United States, unokuqaphela okungaqondakali ukuthi isosha lase-US ligcina inqwaba yamabutho amisiwe ngokugcwele emigodini yangaphandle emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza futhi uphenywa ngempela ukuthola ukuthi zingaki, futhi kuphi, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izindleko, nokuthi yikuphi injongo, futhi ngokuqondene nobani ubudlelwane nezizwe ezithathiwe?

Incwadi entsha ecwaningwe ngokumangalisayo, iminyaka eyisithupha isebenza, iphendula le mibuzo ngendlela ozothola ukuthi iyaheha ukuthi ngabe uke wayibuza noma cha. Kuyabizwa Isizwe Esiyisisekelo: Indlela US Bases Yamasosha Emazi Amalimi Namazwe, nguDavid Vine.

Ezinye izisekelo ze-800 ezinamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamabutho kwezinye izizwe ze-70, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zabanye "abaqeqeshi" nezenzo ezingezona unomphela ezihlala njalo, zigcina ukuqhubeka kwezempi yase-US emhlabeni jikelele ngenani lentengo okungenani $ I-100 billion ngonyaka.

Kungani benza lokhu kuwumbuzo onzima ukuphendula.

Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi kunesizathu esithile sokukwazi ukususa ngokushesha izinkulungwane zamabutho ase-US kunoma yikuphi indawo emhlabeni, izindiza manje zenze lokho kalula ngokuvela e-United States njengaseKorea noma eJapane noma eJalimane noma e-Italy.

Kubiza kakhulu ukugcina amasosha kulawo mazwe, kanti ngenkathi abanye abavikeli bezisekelo bebeka icala lokuphana kwezomnotho, ubufakazi ukuthi iminotho yendawo empeleni ayizuzi kangako - futhi ihlupheka kancane lapho isisekelo sishiya. Nomnotho wase-US awusizi ngalutho. Esikhundleni salokho, osonkontileka abanenhlanhla bayazuza, kanye nalabo sopolitiki abaxhasa imikhankaso yabo. Futhi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwempi akutholakali ekhaya, kufanele ubheke izisekelo phesheya lapho kungavamile kakhulu ukuba nonogada abaqashwe kuphela ukugada abapheki umsebenzi wabo ukuphela kokondla onogada. Umbutho wamasosha unegama lawo noma iyiphi i-SNAFU ejwayelekile, kanti igama laleli elithi “u-ayisikhilimu ozikhothayo.”

Izisekelo, ezimweni eziningi, zenza intukuthelo evamile yenzondo nokuzondwa, okusebenza njengezizathu zokuhlaselwa ezisekelweni ngokwazo noma kwenye indawo - kuhlanganise nokuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba 11, 2001.

Izisekelo ezizungeze umngcele waseRussia neChina zidala inzondo entsha kanye nezinhlanga zezingalo, ngisho neziphakamiso zaseRussia naseChina zokuvula izisekelo zangaphandle zodwa. Okwamanje wonke ama-base angaphandle ase-US angaphandle kwamazwe angaphezu kwe-30, iningi lalabo abasondelene nabo base-US, futhi akukho nelilodwa lawo eliphakathi noma elikude ne-United States, okuyinto eyayiyobhekwa njengento ecasulayo .

Amaningi amaningi ase-US abanjwe ngubudlova obuhlukumezayo. Ucwaningo lwezemfundo luye lwaveza umkhuba oqinile we-US wokuvikela ukucindezela lapho i-United States inezisekelo. Ukubheka ephephandabeni kuzokutshela okufanayo. Amacala e-Bahrain awalingani nobugebengu e-Iran. Eqinisweni, lapho ohulumeni abanobudlova nabangabhubhisisekiyo bebamba ama-US bases (isibonelo, eHonduras, Aruba, Curaçao, Mauritania, Liberia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Mozambique, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia. , Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, Cambodia, eSingapore) uhulumeni, okwenza ukuxoshwa kwama-US asekelwe kakhulu uma uhulumeni kufanele awe, okuvutha umjikelezo ononya okwandisa ukuthukuthela okudumile kohulumeni base-US. I-US yaqala ukwakha izisekelo ezintsha eHonduras ngemva nje kokukhishwa kwe-2009.

UVine uphinde akhulume indaba ehluphayo ngokubambisana kwamasosha aseMelika neCamorra (mafia) eNaples, e-Italy, ubudlelwano obusukela eMpini Yezwe II kuze kube manje, obuye babhebhethekisa ukwanda kweCamorra - iqembu okubikwa ukuthi lithembekile ngokwanele ngamasosha ase-US ukuvikela izikhali zenuzi.

Izisekelo ezincane ezingahlali amashumi ezinkulungwane zamasosha, kepha izigaxa zokufa eziyimfihlo noma ama-drones, anokuthambekela kokwenza izimpi zibe lula. Impi ye-drone e-Yemen eyabizwa ngokuthi yimpumelelo nguMongameli Obama ngonyaka odlule isize ukubhebhethekisa impi enkulu.

Eqinisweni, ngifuna ukubamba iqhaza nge-akhawunti kaVine yokuzalwa kwe-Base Nation, ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa kwempi embi kunazo zonke okwake kwabandakanyeka. UVine unikeza umlando wezisekelo zase-US emazweni aboMdabu aseMelika, kusukela ngo-1785 futhi usaphila kakhulu namuhla ngolimi lwamabutho ase-US aphesheya “endaweni yamaNdiya.” Kepha umvini wabeka usuku lokuzalwa kombuso wanamuhla ngoSepthemba 2, 1940, lapho uMongameli uFranklin Roosevelt ehweba ngemikhumbi emidala yaseBrithani ngokushintshanisa ngezisekelo ezahlukahlukene zaseCaribbean, Bermudan, naseCanada ezizosetshenziswa noma ngemuva kwempi obekucatshangwa ukuthi ubengahleleli kuyo . Kepha ngithanda ukuhlehlisa iwashi kancane.

Ngenkathi i-FDR ihambele iPearl Harbour (hhayi empeleni ingxenye ye-United States) ngoJulayi 28, i-1934, ibutho laseJapane laveza ukukhathazeka. U-General Kunishiga Tanaka wabhala kule Japan Umkhangisi, ephikisana nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yaseMelika kanye nokwakhiwa kwezizinda ezengeziwe e-Alaska nase-Aleutian Islands (futhi akuyona ingxenye ye-United States): "Ukuziphatha okunjalo okuhlambalaza kusenza sisola kakhulu. Kusenza sicabange ukuthi ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kukhuthazwa ngenhloso ePacific. Lokhu kuzisola kakhulu. "

Khona-ke, ngo-March 1935, uRoosevelt wanikezela i-Wake Island emkhunjini wase-US futhi wanika iPan Am Airways imvume yokukwakha imigwaqo eWake Island, eMidway Island naseGuam. Abaphathi bezempi baseJapane bamemezela ukuthi baphazamiseke futhi babheka lezi zigijimi njengengozi. Ngako-ke abashisekeli bezokuthula base-United States. Ngenyanga eyalandela, uRoosevelt wayelungiselele imidlalo yempi nokuhamba eduze nase-Aleutian Islands naseMidway Island. Ngenyanga elandelayo, izishoshovu zokuthula zazihamba eNew York zikhuthaza ubuhlobo neJapane. U-Norman Thomas wabhala ku-1935: "Indoda evela eMars eyabona ukuthi amadoda ahlupheka kanjani empini yokugcina nokuthi ikulungele kangakanani ukulungiselela impi elandelayo, eyazi ukuthi izoba yimbi kakhulu, izofika esiphethweni sokuthi ubheka abantu abaphikisayo yokukhoseliswa kwesikhashana. "AmaJapane ahlasela iWake Island ngemva kwezinsuku ezine ehlasela iPearl Harbor.

Kunoma ikuphi, uVine ukhomba ubungqayizivele beMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba njengempi engakaze iphele, noma ngabe kuthiwa iMpi Yomshoshaphansi iphelile. Kungani amasosha engakaze eze ekhaya? Kungani beqhubekile nokusabalalisa izinqaba zabo "e-Indian Territory," kuze kube yilapho i-US inezizinda eziningi zakwamanye amazwe kunanoma imuphi omunye umbuso emlandweni, njengoba nje isikhathi sendawo yokunqoba sesiphelile, noma nje ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu iyekile ukucabanga "AmaNdiya" nabanye abantu bezinye izizwe njengezilwane ezingaphansi komuntu ezingenamalungelo afanele ukuhlonishwa?

Isizathu esisodwa, esibhalwe kahle nguVine, yisona sizathu esifanayo sokuthi isizinda esikhulu saseMelika eGuantanamo, eCuba, sisetshenziselwa ukubopha abantu ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala. Ngokulungiselela izimpi ezindaweni zakwamanye amazwe, i-US ivame ukukwazi ukugwema zonke izinhlobo zemikhawulo yezomthetho - kufaka phakathi ezabasebenzi kanye nemvelo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthengisa ngomzimba. Ama-GI ahlala eJalimane abhekise ekudlwengulweni "njengokukhulula i-blonde," futhi indawo yezinhlekelele zocansi ezungeze izisekelo zase-US iqhubekile nanamuhla, ngaphandle kwesinqumo sango-1945 sokuqala ukuthumela imindeni ukuthi ihlale namasosha - inqubomgomo manje efaka ukuthunyelwa kwesosha ngalinye izimpahla zomhlaba kufaka phakathi izimoto emhlabeni wonke nazo, ingasaphathwa eyokunikeza onakekela impilo eyodwa kanye nezindleko eziphindwe kabili ezikoleni njengesilinganiso sikazwelonke ekhaya. Abaqwayizi abakhonza izisekelo zase-US eSouth Korea nakwezinye izindawo bavame ukuba yizigqila. IPhilippines, "esizwe" yi-US inqobo njenganoma ngubani, inikeza abasebenzi bezinkontileka kakhulu izisekelo zase-US, ukupheka, ukuhlanza, nakho konke okunye - kanye nabathengisi abaningi abangeniswa kwamanye amazwe, njengeNingizimu Korea.

Amasayithi asezindaweni eziqhelile futhi ezingenamthetho ahlanganisa izindawo lapho amasosha ase-US axoshe khona abantu basekhaya. Lezi zihlanganisa izisekelo eziseG Diego Garcia, eGreenland, e-Alaska, eHawaii, ePanama, ePuerto Rico, eMarshall Islands, eGuam, ePhilippines, e-Okinawa naseNingizimu Korea - nabantu abaxoshwa kamuva nje nge-2006 eNingizimu Korea.

Kwamanye amanye amasayithi lapho abantu abangazange baxoshwe khona, kungase kube sengathi bayakufisa. Izisekelo ezisemakhaya ziye zaba yingozi emvelweni. Ukushisa okuvulekile, isikhali esingaxhunywanga, izinhlayiya zawela emanzini asemhlabathini - lezi zindawo zonke ezivamile. I-fuel fuel jet e-Kirkland Air Force Base e-Albuquerque, i-NM, iqalile ku-1953 futhi itholakala ku-1999, futhi yayingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngobukhulu be-Exxon Valdez. Izisekelo zase-US ngaphakathi kwe-United States ziye zabhubhisa imvelo, kodwa hhayi ezingeni lalawo mazwe angaphandle. Indiza ephuma ku-Diego Garcia ukuyohlasela ibutho lase-Afghanistan e-2001 yaphahlazeka futhi yawela phansi olwandle ngezinye izingxenye ze-85-pound amamitha. Ngisho nokuphila okujwayelekile okuyisisekelo kuthatha umonakalo; Amasosha ase-US akhiqiza izikhathi ezintathu udoti ngamunye njengabahlali bendawo, ngokwesibonelo, u-Okinawa.

Ukunganakwa kwabantu nomhlaba nolwandle kwakhiwe kuwo kanye umqondo wezisekelo zakwamanye amazwe. I-United States ayisoze yabekezelela isisekelo sesinye isizwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo, kepha ibabeka kuma-Okinawa, abaseNingizimu Korea, ama-Italiya, amaPhilippines, ama-Iraqis, nabanye yize kunombhikisho omkhulu. UVine uthathe abanye babafundi bakhe bayohlangana nesikhulu eMnyangweni Wezwe LaseMelika, uKevin Maher, obachazelile ukuthi izizinda zase-US eJapan zigxile e-Okinawa ngoba "bekuyiPuerto Rico yaseJapan" lapho abantu "benesikhumba esimnyama, ”“ Mafushane, ”futhi anamagama“ okugcizelela. ”

Isizwe Sesizwe yincwadi okufanele ifundwe - namamephu ayo abonwe - yiwo wonke umuntu. Ngifisa ukuthi uVine angabhali “ukuthathwa kweRussia iCrimea” lapho ebhekisa kuvoti elikhululekile nelivulekile nelisemthethweni, ikakhulukazi ngokomongo wencwadi emayelana nezisekelo zamasosha. Futhi ngifisa sengathi angasebenzisanga kuphela amaphuzu wokuzikhomba ngokuya nge-tradeoffs yezezimali. Vele i-United States ingaguqulwa ibe ngcono ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwemali esetshenziselwe ezempi, kepha iMelika nezwe kungaba njalo. Yimali engaka.

Kepha le ncwadi izoba ngumthombo oyigugu eminyakeni ezayo. Kufaka futhi, kufanele ngiqaphele, i-akhawunti enhle kakhulu yezingqinamba ezithile zokumelana okuye kwezinye izikhathi zavala izisekelo noma zabanciphisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuleli sonto nje, okokuqala kwezinqumo ezimbili ezidingekayo, inkantolo yase-Italy inayo wabusa eyabantu, ngokumelene nokwakhiwa kweMishini Yezokuxhumana yaseMelika eSicily.

Kule nyanga kuphela, i-US Joint Chiefs of Staff eshicilelwe "Isu Lamasosha Kazwelonke e-United States of America - 2015." Inikeze njengesizathu sokulwa kwamasosha cishe ngamazwe amane, kusukela ngeRussia, eyayisola "ngokusebenzisa amandla ukufeza izinhloso zayo," into iPentagon eyayingasoze yakwenza! Okulandelayo kwaqamba amanga ukuthi i-Iran "yayilandela" izikhali zenuzi, isimangalo esingenabufakazi ngaso. Ngokulandelayo yathi izinduna zaseNyakatho Korea ngelinye ilanga “zazizosongela izwe lakubo laseMelika.” Ekugcineni, yagcizelela ukuthi iChina “yengeza ukungezwani esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific.” Leli “Isu” lavuma ukuthi asikho kulezi zizwe ezine esasifuna impi ne-United States. "Noma kunjalo, ngamunye unenkinga enkulu yezokuphepha," kusho le nhlangano.

Ngakho-ke, umuntu angangeza, ingabe isisekelo ngasinye sase-US sangaphandle. Incwadi kaVine iphetha ngeziphakamiso ezinhle kakhulu zoshintsho, engingangeza kuzo eyodwa kuphela: Umthetho ohlongozwayo kaSmedley Butler wokuthi amasosha ase-US angavunyelwa ukuhamba ibanga elingaphezu kwamamayela angama-200 esuka e-United States.

UDavid Vine uyisimenywa saleli sonto ku I-Radio Nation Nation.