Ishicilelwe enkulumweni ye-Winter 2001 / 2002 ye-YEB! Umagazini

Uma wazi ngisho nomlando omncane njengami, kunzima ukungabaza ukuphumelela kwempi yanamuhla njengesixazululo kunoma yikuphi inkinga ngaphandle kokubuyisela-"ubulungisa" bokushintshanisa umonakalo owodwa komunye.

I-Apologists yempi izogcizelela ukuthi impi iyaphendula inkinga yokuzivikela kazwelonke. Kodwa ukungabaza, ekuphenduleni, kuzokubuza ukuthi yizinga elingakanani izindleko zempi ephumelelayo yokuzivikela kazwelonke-empilweni, imali, impahla, ukudla, impilo, futhi (ngokungenakuphika) inkululeko-ingase ibhekane nokunqotshwa kwezwe. Ukuzivikela kukazwelonke ngempi kuhilela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezwe. Lokhu okuphazamisayo kuye kwaba khona kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-republic yethu. Impi yokuvikela inkululeko iyanciphisa inkululeko yabaphikisi. Kukhona ukungahambisani okuyisisekelo phakathi kwempi nenkululeko.

Empi yanamuhla, balwa nezikhali zanamuhla futhi ngesilinganiso samanje, akukho hlangothi olungalulawula "isitha" umonakalo owenzayo. Lezi zimpi zilimaza umhlaba. Siyazi okwamanje ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi awukwazi ukulimaza ingxenye yezwe ngaphandle kokulimaza konke. Impi yanamuhla ayikwenzanga nje ukuhluleka ukubulala "amaqhawe" ngaphandle kokubulala "abangewona amaqembu", okwenze ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulimaza isitha sakho ngaphandle kokulimaza.

Abaningi baye bacabangela ukungamukeleki okwandayo kwempi yanamuhla kuboniswa ulimi lwezingcaphephe ezizungezile. Izimpi zanamuhla ziye zalulwa ukuze ziqede impi; baye balwa egameni lokuthula. Izikhali zethu ezimbi kakhulu zenziwe, ngokusobala, ukugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuthula kwezwe. "Sonke esikufunayo ukuthula," sithi njengoba sikhula ngokungapheli amandla ethu okwenza impi.

Kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lapho silwe khona izimpi ezimbili ukuqeda impi kanye nokunye ukuvimbela impi nokulondoloza ukuthula, futhi lapho inqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe eyenza impi ibe yinto esabekayo kakhulu futhi ingalawuleki, sisalokhu, ngenqubomgomo, ungaqapheli izindlela ezingaphephile zokuzivikela kazwelonke. Ngempela senza izingxoxo eziningi kanye nobuhlobo bomhlaba, kodwa ngokuzibandakanya ngokwezimali, sisho ukuphela kokugcina kokuthula okusekelwe yizisongelo zempi. Kuhlale kuqondakala ukuthi sikulungele ukubulala labo "esixoxisana nabo ngokuthula."

Impi yethu yekhulu leminyaka, ukulwa kwamabutho, kanye nokwesaba kwezombangazwe kuye kwaveza abaholi abakhulu nabaphumelelayo bokuthula kwangempela, phakathi kwabo uMohandas Gandhi noMartin Luther King, Jr., yizibonelo eziyinhloko. Impumelelo enkulu abayifinyelele ifakazela ukuba khona, phakathi kobudlova, ngesifiso esiqinisekisiwe nesinamandla sokuthula futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, okuzofakazelwa ukuthi kuzokwenza imihlatshelo edingekayo. Kodwa kuze kube manje uhulumeni wethu akhathazekile, la madoda kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwawo okukhulu nokuqinisekiswa okungenzeka akakaze abe khona. Ukufeza ukuthula ngezindlela zokuthula akusilo umgomo wethu. Siyanamathele ekudakaleni okungenathemba kokwenza ukuthula ngokwenza impi.

Okusho ukuthi sinamathele empilweni yethu yomphakathi ebuzenziseni obunonya. Ekhulwini lethu lokuhlukumezeka kwabantu abakubo bonke abantu, futhi ngokumelene nomphakathi wethu wendalo kanye namasiko, ubuzenzisi abukhunjulwa ngoba ukuphikiswa kwethu nobudlova kukhethiwe noma kuyimfashini nje. Abanye bethu abamukela isabelomali sethu esikhulu sezombusazwe kanye nezimpi zethu zokulondoloza ukuthula, noma kunjalo, badelela "ubudlova basekhaya" futhi bacabanga ukuthi umphakathi wethu ungasondiswa "ukulawulwa kwezibhamu." Abanye bethu baphambene nokujeziswa okukhulu kodwa ukukhipha isisu. Abanye bethu baphikisana nokukhipha isisu kodwa ukujeziswa okukhulu.

Omunye akudingeki wazi okuningi noma acabangisise kakhulu ukuze abone ukuziphatha okungenakuziphatha okusekelwe kuso emabhizinisini ethu ahlukumezayo. Ukukhipha isisu-njenge-birth-control kulungiswa ngokuthi "ilungelo," elingase lizivelele kuphela ngokuphika wonke amalungelo omunye umuntu, okuyinto enhle kunazo zonke izinhloso zempi. Isijeziso esiyinhloko sigxila sonke esilinganisweni esifanayo sokubambisana okukhulu, lapho isenzo sobudlova siphindiselwa esinye isenzo sobudlova.

Lokho okushiwo yilezi zizathu zokungabi nandaba yiqiniso-eliqiniswe ngumlando wama-feuds, akekho umlando wempi-lobudlova buveza ubudlova. Izenzo zobudlova ezenziwe "ubulungiswa" noma ekuqinisekiseni "amalungelo" noma ekuvikeleni "ukuthula" akuqedi ubudlova. Bahlela futhi baqondise ukuqhubeka kwayo.

Inkolelo-ze eyingozi kunazo zonke izinhlangothi zobudlova ngumqondo wokuthi ukugunyaza udlame kungavimbela noma kulawulwe udlame olungenakuvunyelwa. Kodwa uma ubudlova "bubulungisa" esimweni esisodwa njengoba kunqunywe uhulumeni, kungani kungase kube "okulungile" kwesinye isenzakalo, njengoba kunqunywa umuntu? Umphakathi ongalungisa kanjani isijeziso sempi kanye nempi kungavimbela ukulungiswa kwawo ekungenwe ekubulaweni nasebuphekula? Uma uhulumeni ebona ukuthi ezinye izimbangela zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kulungiswe ukubulawa kwezingane, zingalindela kanjani ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwengqondo yayo ekusakazeni izakhamuzi zakhona-noma ezinganeni zakhamuzi zayo?

Uma sinikela kulezi zizathu ezincane zokungazi ukuthi ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke bunjani, sikhiqiza, ngokungaqiniseki, ukungaboni kahle okukhulu. Yini engaba yinto engavamile kakhulu, ekuqaleni, kunomqondo wethu wokuthukuthela okuphakeme ngokumelene nezinye izizwe ngokukhiqiza izikhali ezifanayo esizikhiqizayo? Umehluko, njengoba abaholi bethu bethi, ukuthi sizosebenzisa lezi zikhali ngokuhlakanipha, kanti izitha zethu zizisebenzise kabi-isisombululo esivumelana kakhulu nesiphakamiso sesithunzi esincane kakhulu: sizozisebenzisa ngokuzithandayo, kanti izitha zethu uzozisebenzisa ezithandweni zabo.

Noma kufanele sithi, okungenani, ukuthi inkinga yobuhle empini injengoba yinto engacacile, engaqondakali, futhi ephazamisayo njengoba u-Abraham Lincoln ethola ukuthi uyinkinga yomthandazo empini: "Bobabili [iNyakatho neNingizimu] bafunda iBhayibheli elifanayo, futhi bathandaze kuNkulunkulu ofanayo, futhi ngamunye ucela usizo lwakhe ngokumelene nomunye ... Imithandazo yabo bobabili ayikwazanga ukuphendulwa - lokho kungaphendulwa ngokugcwele. "

Izimpi zaseMelika zamuva nje, sezibe "zingaphandle" futhi "zinganiselwe," ziye zalwa ngaphansi kokucabangela ukuthi okudingekayo noma okungekho umhlatshelo womuntu siqu. Ezimpi "zezinye izizwe," asihlangatshezi ngokuqondile umonakalo esiwenzayo phezu kwesitha. Sizwa futhi sibone lo monakalo obikiwe ezindabeni, kodwa asiphazamiseki. Lezi zimpi ezinqunyiwe, "ezinye izizwe" zidinga ukuthi abanye abantu bethu abasha kufanele babulawe noma bakhubazeke, nokuthi ezinye imindeni kufanele zibuhlungu, kodwa lezi "zingozi" zisakazwa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu bethu njengoba zingabonakali.

Uma kungenjalo, asizizwa sizibandakanye. Sikhokha intela ukusekela impi, kodwa lokho akuyona into emisha, ngoba sikhokhela intela yempi ngesikhathi sokuthula. Asinaso ukusweleka, asihlupheki, asikhuthazi ukulinganiselwa. Sithola, siboleke, sichitha, futhi siyidla ngesikhathi sokulwa njengesikhathi sokuthula.

Futhi-ke akukho mhlatshelo okudingekayo kulezo zintandokazi ezinkulu zezomnotho manje ezisungula umnotho wethu. Ayikho inhlangano edingekayo ukuba ihambise kunoma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa noma ukudela idola. Ngokuphambene nalokho, impi yindlela yokwelapha okukhulu-konke kanye nethuba lomnotho wethu wenkampani, ohlala futhi okhuthazayo empini. Impi yaqeda ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-1930s, futhi sigcine umnotho wezempi-umnotho, omunye angase athi, ngokuhlukumezeka okuvamile-kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukunikela ngawo umcebo omkhulu wezomnotho kanye nemvelo, kubandakanya, njengabahlukunyeziwe ababalimi, abalimi kanye nesigaba sokusebenza sezimboni.

Futhi izindleko ezinkulu zibandakanya ekulungiseni kwethu empini, kodwa izindleko "zingaphandle" njenge "ukulahlekelwa okulungile." Futhi bheka sibona indlela intuthuko empini, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nentuthuko emnothweni wezimboni zifana nomunye nomunye- noma, kaningi, zifana nje.

Amazwe angamaRoma, okusho ukuthi abaxolisi abaningi bezimpi, ngaso sonke isikhathi asho izinkulumo zabo zomphakathi izibalo noma ukubalwa kwempi. Ngakho ngokuhlupheka kwalo eMpini Yomphakathi, iNyakatho kuthiwa "ikhokhele" ukukhululwa kwezigqila nokulondolozwa kweNyunyana. Ngakho-ke singakhuluma ngokukhululeka kwethu njengokuthi "kuthengiwe" ngokuchitha kwegazi labanikazi bomhlaba. Ngiyazi ngokugcwele iqiniso emazwini anjalo. Ngiyazi ukuthi ngingomunye wabaningi abaye bazuza emihlatshelweni ebuhlungu eyenziwe abanye abantu, futhi angithandi ukungabi nabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingu-patriot ngokwami ​​futhi ngiyazi ukuthi isikhathi singase sifike kunoma ubani kithi lapho kufanele senze imihlatshelo ejulile ngenxa yenkululeko-into eqinisekisiwe yizinhlawulo zikaGandhi neNkosi.

Kodwa namanje ngiyaxolisa ngaleli hlobo lokuphendula. Ngesinye sezizathu, kwenzeka ngempela ngabaphilayo ngenxa yabafileyo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqaphele ukwamukela kalula, noma ukubonga kalula, imihlatshelo eyenziwe ngabanye, ikakhulukazi uma singenzi lutho. Ngesinye isizathu, nakuba abaholi bethu empini bahlale becabanga ukuthi kukhona intengo eyamukelekayo, akukaze kube nezinga elichazwe ngaphambilini lokuvuma. Inani elamukelekayo, ekugcineni, yilokho okukhokhelwe.

Kulula ukubona ukufana phakathi kwalokhu kubalwa kwemali yempi kanye nokubalwa kwethu okujwayelekile "kwentengo yentuthuko." Kubonakala sengathi sivumelanisiwe ukuthi noma yikuphi okuye kwaba (noma kuzoba) okukhokhelwe lokho okuthiwa inqubekela phambili kuyamukeleka intengo. Uma leyo ntengo ibandakanya ukunciphisa ubumfihlo kanye nokwanda kobumfihlo bukahulumeni, yiba njalo. Uma kusho ukunciphisa okukhulu kwenani lamabhizinisi amancane kanye nokubhujiswa okubonakalayo kwabantu basepulazini, makube njalo. Uma kusho ukubhujiswa kwezindawo ezigcwele ngama industries extractive, yiba njalo. Uma kusho ukuthi abantu abambalwa nje kufanele babe nemillion yezigidi zemfuyo kunabo bonke abampofu emhlabeni, ngakho-ke kufanele kube njalo.

Kodwa masibe nesibindi sokuvuma ukuthi lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "umnotho" noma "imakethe yamahhala" kuyahlukaniswa kancane kancane kusuka empini. Cishe ingxenye yeshumi leminyaka elidlule, sikhathazekile ngokunqotshwa kwezwe ngamaKhomishane wezizwe. Manje ngokukhathazeka okuncane (kuze kube manje) sibona ukunqotshwa kwezwe emhlabeni yi-capitalist international.

Yize izindlela zayo zezombangazwe zinamandla (kuze kube manje) kunezobukhomanisi, lo mbuso wobuningi obusanda kumhlaba wonke ungabonakalisa ngisho nokubhubhisa kakhulu amasiko abantu nemiphakathi, inkululeko kanye nemvelo. Ukuthambekela kwayo kufana nokubusa nokulawula okuphelele. Ukubhekana nalokhu kunqoba, okuqinisekisiwe nokugunyazwa yizivumelwano ezintsha zokuhweba zomhlaba wonke, akukho ndawo futhi akukho mphakathi emhlabeni ongase uzibheke ephephile kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphanga. Abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele bayaqaphela ukuthi kunjalo, futhi bathi ukunqoba umhlaba kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kungalungile, isikhathi.

Benza okungaphezu kwalokho. Bathi ukunqotshwa kwendawo nakho akulungile, futhi nomaphi lapho kwenzeka khona abantu bendawo bajoyina ndawonye ukuphikisa. Ngaphesheya kwezwe lami laseKentucky lokhu kuphikisana kuyaqhubeka-kusukela entshonalanga, lapho abantu abadingisiwe bezwe phakathi kwamaLwandle bazama ukugcina izwe labo elivela ezweni lazo kusukela ekuqothulweni kwezikhundla, empumalanga, lapho abantu bomdabu basezintabeni basalokhu behluleka khona ukuze balondoloze umhlaba wabo ekubhujisweni ngamabhizinisi engekho.

Ukuze ube nomnotho onempi, lokho kuhlose ukunqoba futhi okubhubhisa cishe konke okuxhomeke kukho, ukungabi naluphi uhlobo empilweni yemvelo noma emiphakathini yabantu, kuyinto engenangqondo ngokwanele. Kuyinto engacabangi nakakhulu ukuthi lo mnotho, ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi unamanye amazwe nezimboni zethu nezinhlelo zethu zempi, kulesinye isici ngokuqondile ngokuphambene nenhloso yethu yokuzivikela yokuvikela izwe.

Kubonakala kunengqondo kuphela, okuwukuphela komzimba, ukucabanga ukuthi uhlelo olukhulu lokulungela ukuvikela izwe kufanele luqale ngokusekelwe esimweni sokuzimela komnotho kazwelonke nakwezinye izindawo. Isizwe esinqume ukuzivikela kanye nenkululeko yaso kufanele sikulungele, futhi silungiselele ngaso sonke isikhathi, siphile ezivela kuzo kanye nemisebenzi kanye namakhono abantu bakithi. Kodwa akusikho okwenzayo e-United States namuhla. Lokho esikwenzayo kubangele indlela yokulahleka kakhulu engokwemvelo nemithombo yomuntu yesizwe.

Njengamanje, lapho sibhekene nokunciphisa imithombo yamandla emithombo yamanzi, asikho nhlobo inqubomgomo yamandla, noma ingabe kulondolozwe noma ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo ehlukile ephephile nehlanzekile. Njengamanje, inqubomgomo yethu yamandla nje ukusebenzisa konke esinakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kubhekene nesibalo esakhulayo esidinga ukondliwa, asinayo inqubomgomo yokulondolozwa komhlaba futhi akukho mgomo wenkokhelo kuphela kubakhiqizi bokuqala bokudla. Inqubomgomo yethu yezolimo ukusebenzisa yonke into esinayo, kuyilapho sithembele ekudleni kokudla, amandla, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenza.

Lokho yizibonelo ezimbili nje zokunganakwa kwethu ngokujwayelekile ngezidingo zethu. Ngakho-ke sichaza ngokuphikisana okuyingozi phakathi kwezwe lethu lokulwa nobuzwe kanye nobuhlobo bethu bemikhakha yamazwe ngamazwe "yamahhala". Siphunyuka kanjani kulobu buqili?

Angicabangi ukuthi kukhona impendulo elula. Ngokusobala, singaba yize singenangqondo uma sibheka kangcono izinto. Singaba yingqondo encane uma sisekela izinqubomgomo zethu zomphakathi ekuchazeni ngobuqotho izidingo zethu kanye nesimo sethu esiyinkimbinkimbi, kunokuba sibe nezincazelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezifiso zethu. Singaba yingqondo encane uma abaholi bethu bezobheka ngokuthembeka izindlela ezingase ziqinisekiswe ezenzweni zobudlova.

Izinto ezinjalo zilula ukusho, kodwa silahlekile, ngandlela-thile ngamasiko futhi ngandlela-thile ngemvelo, ukuxazulula izinkinga zethu ngobudlova, ngisho nokujabulela ukwenza njalo. Kodwa okwamanje sonke kufanele okungenani sikholelwe ukuthi ilungelo lethu lokuphila, ukukhululeka, nokuba nokuthula akuqinisekisiwe nanoma yisiphi isenzo sobudlova. Kungagcinwa kuphela ngokuzimisela kwethu ukuthi bonke abanye abantu kufanele baphile, bakhululeke, futhi babe nokuthula-nangokuzimisela kwethu ukusebenzisa noma ukunikeza izimpilo zethu ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke. Ukuntuleka ukuzimisela okunjalo kungukuthi sizinikezele ekungeneni kwethu; futhi nokho, uma unjengawe, awuqiniseki ukuthi ungakwazi kangakanani.

Nansi omunye umbuzo engangiwuholele kuwo, owodwa ukuthi inselele yempi yanamuhla isiphezu kwethu: Bangaki ukushona kwezingane zabanye ngokuqhuma kwamabhomu noma kwindlala yilapho sizimisele ukwamukela ukuze sikhululeke, sibe namandla, futhi (kuthiwa) ngokuthula? Kulowo mbuzo ngiphendula: Akukho. Sicela, akekho izingane. Ungabulali noma iyiphi ingane ngenzuzo yami.

Uma lokho kuyimpendulo yakho futhi, kufanele wazi ukuthi asiphumanga, kude nayo. Ngoba ngokuqinisekile kufanele sizizwe ngokwethu ngokuphathelene neminye imibuzo ephuthumayo, yomuntu siqu, futhi esabisayo. Kodwa mhlawumbe nathi sizizwa ngokwethu siqala ukukhululeka, ekugcineni sibhekene nenselele enkulu kunazo zonke esibekwe phambi kwethu, umbono obanzi kakhulu wokuqhubeka komuntu, iseluleko esihle kakhulu, nokulalela okuncane:
"Thanda izitha zakho, ubusise labo abakuqalekisayo, wenze okuhle kulabo abakuzondayo, futhi ubathandazele labo abasebenzisa kabi futhi bakuhlupha; Ukuze nibe ngabantwana bakaYihlo osemazulwini; ngokuba wenza ilanga lakhe livuke kwababi nabalungileyo, bese ethumela imvula kwabaqotho nabangalungile. "

UWendell Berry, imbongi, isazi sefilosofi, kanye nomlondolozi wezilondolozi, amapulazi eKentucky.