NguDavid Swanson
Ungaxolelwa ngokucabanga ukuthi imithetho iyizinto ezibucayi. Uma wephula umthetho, ungavalelwa ekhejini amashumi eminyaka. Lokho akulona iqiniso kubathengisi bezikhali abakhulu njengohulumeni wase-US.
Eminyakeni emibili emva kokudalwa kweArms Trade Treaty, i Izindaba ukuthi kwehluleka eYemen. Ngicindezelwe kanzima ukubona ukuthi kungani kungenjalo, kuze kube manje, ehluleka yonke indawo. Abathengisi bezikhali baqhubeka bephethe izikhali ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ngokungathi akukho lutho olushintshile.
Lapha (ukuhlonipha i-akhawunti yedatha ye-Amazon ye-CIA) eyisihluthulelo umbhalo wesivumelwano:
“. . . I-State Party ngeke igunyaze noma yikuphi ukudluliswa kwezikhali ezivamile. . . uma inolwazi ngesikhathi sokugunyazwa ukuthi izingalo noma izinto zizosetshenziswa ekomishini yokuqothulwa kohlanga, ubugebengu obenziwa kubantu, ukwephulwa okunamandla kweMihlangano yeGeneva yango-1949, ukuhlaselwa okubhekiswe ezintweni ezingekho emphakathini noma kubantu abavikelwe kanjalo, noma enye impi ubugebengu njengoba kuchazwa yizivumelwano zomhlaba wonke okuyiPhathi. . . . ”
Umthengisi wezikhali odumile, uhulumeni wase-US, akasigunyazisanga isivumelwano se-Arms Trade Treaty. Umthengisi obeka endaweni yesibili ngezinsimbi zokufa, iRussia, naye akanalo. Kanjalo neChina. Impela iFrance, i-United Kingdom, ne-Germany bayigunyazisile, kepha kubonakala sengathi abanankinga yokukuziba. Baye baqinisekisa ngisho nomhlangano ngamabhomu eqoqo kodwa, okungenani esimweni sase-UK, ungayinaki naleyo. (I-US imise okwesikhashana ukuthengisa kwayo ngamabhomu eqoqo, kepha ayisivumelananga lesi sivumelwano.)
Futhi ezinye izizwe ze-87 ziye zavuma i-Arms Trade Treaty, futhi azikho izikhali eziphawulekayo ezibhekene nesilinganiso se-6 ephezulu, kodwa eziningi zazo ziphula isivumelwano ngokuzindlela zabo ezincane.
I-US inemithetho efana kakhulu ezincwadini zayo kakade futhi inesikhathi eside. Ukungazinaki, noma ukusebenzisa ilungelo lokuzikhandla, sekuye kwaba isimiso. I-United States ikude kakhulu futhi ingumthengisi omkhulu wezikhali, umnikezi wezikhali, umkhiqizi wezikhali, umthengi wezikhali, umkhululi wezikhali emazweni ampofu, nomkhululi wezikhali eMiddle East. Ithengisa noma inikeza izikhali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezwe njengokungathi akukho mingcele esetshenzisiwe. Noma kunjalo, lapha kukhona imithetho yase-United States cishe cishe enhle ngokwanele ukuba ifake odongeni:
“Alukho usizo oluzonikezwa ngaphansi lo Mthetho noma i-Arms Control Export Control Act kunoma yiliphi iyunithi yamandla okuphepha kwelinye izwe uma uNobhala Wombuso enolwazi oluthembekile ukuthi leyunithi yenzile ukwephulwa ngokweqile kwamalungelo abantu. . . .
“. . . Emalini enikezwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela, ayikho neyodwa engasetshenziselwa noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa, okokusebenza, noma olunye usizo lweyunithi yamabutho ezokuphepha angaphandle uma uNobhala Wezokuvikela enolwazi oluthembekile lokuthi lolu phiko lwenze ukwephula okukhulu kwabantu amalungelo. ”
Futhi kukhona lena:
“Imikhawulo equkethwe ku lesi sigaba faka isicelo maqondana nezwe uma uNobhala Wombuso enquma ukuthi uhulumeni walelo zwe usehlinzeke kaninginingi ukweseka izenzo zobushokobezi bamazwe omhlaba. . . . ”
Lona kungenzeka ukuthi lilotshiwe ngosizo lensangu yezokwelapha:
“Asikho [isikhali] esizodayiswa noma siqashiswe nguHulumeni wase-United States ngaphansi lesi sahluko kunoma yiliphi izwe noma inhlangano yomhlaba wonke. . . ngaphandle -
(1) uMongameli uthola ukuthi le mpahla. . . kulelo zwe noma inhlangano yomhlaba wonke kuzoqinisa ukuphepha kwe-United States futhi kukhuthaze ukuthula emhlabeni. . . . ”
Lokhu kungafika njengezindaba ezishaqisayo, kepha akukho okuthengiswayo kwezikhali okwenziwe yi-United States noma esinye isizwe kuze kube manje emlandweni womhlaba okukhuthaze ukuthula komhlaba. Akukho okunciphisile - kunalokho, konke kukhuphukile - ubuphekula. Zonke zenze ukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu. Zonke zidluliselwe ngolwazi lokuthi zizosetshenziselwa ukulwa nezakhamizi futhi kwephula imithetho yamazwe omhlaba. Nayi eminye yale mithetho:
The I-Hague Convention ye-1899:
“. . . Amandla okusayina avuma ukusebenzisa imizamo yawo yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokuthula kokungezwani kwamazwe. Uma kunokungaboni ngaso linye okukhulu noma ukungqubuzana, ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwezikhali, Amandla okusayinda avuma ukuthi anikeze usizo, ngokuvumelana nezimo, emahhovisi amahle noma ekulamuleni uMbuso owodwa noma amaningi anobungani. ”
The I-Kellogg-Briand Pact ye-1928:
"Amaqembu Aphikisana Ngokweqile avuma ukuthi ukuxazululwa noma ukuxazululwa kwazo zonke izingxabano noma izingxabano zanoma imuphi uhlobo noma imvelaphi engavela phakathi kwazo, ngeke kuze kufunwe ngaphandle kwendlela ye-pacific."
“Onke amaLungu azolungisa izingxabano zawo zomhlaba wonke ngezindlela ezinokuthula ngendlela yokuthi ukuthula nokuphepha komhlaba wonke, kanye nobulungiswa, kungabi sengozini. Onke amaLungu ayogwema ebudlelwaneni bawo bamazwe omhlaba ukwesatshiswa noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulwa nobuqotho bendawo noma ukuzimela kwezepolitiki kwanoma yimuphi umbuso. . . . ”
Izwe laseMelika limise okwesikhashana ezinye zezikhali ezithengiselwa iSaudi Arabia, ngenkathi liqhubeka nezinye futhi liqhubeka nokulwa ngamandla liseSaudi Arabia nabantu baseYemen. Lokhu akukho ukwephulwa komthetho nokuziphatha okuncane kunokuthengiswa kwezikhali zase-US e-Iraq noma eSouth Korea noma (izipho) kwa-Israyeli noma e-United States uqobo. Akunanani lokuphindwaphindwa kommeli kabusha kwamagama asetshenzisiwe, incazelo ekhethiwe “yobushokobezi,” noma ukunciphisa lokho okubalwa "njengelungelo lomuntu" okungakuguqula lokho.
Yize kunjalo abeba ezitolo baya ejele ngenkathi abathengisi bezikhali behamba bekhululekile. Azikho izizwe ezibulala abantu ezixazulula noma ezilwela ukuxazulula izingxabano zazo ngendlela ye-pacific njengoba nje wonke umuntu osebenzisa i-heroin eyisakhamuzi esiyisibonelo, nokho izikhali - njengezidakamizwa - zihlala zigeleza.
INkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezobugebengu iyazincisha ilungelo lokushushisa ubugebengu bempi (kuphela “amacala ezimpi”) noma ukuphonsela inselelo amandla amakhulu e-UN (okwenzeka ngabadayisi bezikhali abakhulu emhlabeni) noma ukushushisa amacala abantu abangewona amalungu e-ICC abawenzile izindawo zabangewona amalungu. Kepha lapho uBarack Obama ebulala abantu ePhilippines (ilungu), i-ICC ithule du. Futhi e-Afghanistan (elinye ilungu) kusikisela ukuthi ngelinye ilanga kungabona kufanelekile ukuvula ukushushiswa.
Ngokusobala impendulo yalesi sikhombiso ayikho ukwephula umthetho. Nazi ezinye izimpendulo eziyingxenye:
Tshela i-ICC ukushushisa zonke izigebengu ngokulinganayo.
Yakha ingcindezi yokuhlukaniswa kwezikhali ezidayisa izikhali.
Tshela umongameli olandelayo wase-US ukuthi ngeke sisalwela ezinye izimpi.
Joyina ukunyakaza ukubuyisela impi ngokuziphatha okuhlakaniphile.
