NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Juni 1, i-2020
Impi yaseVietnam idlala indima enkulu kakhulu emlandweni ekuqondeni okujwayelekile kwesakhamuzi sase-US esivamile kunalokho okwenziwa uhulumeni wase-US e-Indonesia ngo-1965-1966. Kodwa uma ufunda Indlela yaseJakarta, incwadi entsha kaVincent Bevins, kuyodingeka uzibuze ukuthi isiphi isisekelo sokuziphatha esingaba khona salelo qiniso.
Phakathi nempi yaseVietnam ingxenye encane yabalimala yayingamalungu ebutho lezempi lase-U.S. Phakathi nokuketulwa kwe-Indonesia, amaphesenti angu-zero abafa kwakungamalungu ebutho lezempi lase-U.S. Impi yaseVietnam kungenzeka ukuthi yabulala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-3.8, singabali labo ababezofa kamuva ngenxa yobuthi bemvelo noma ukuzibulala okubangelwa impi, futhi singabala iLaos noma iCambodia. Ukuketulwa kwe-Indonesia kungenzeka kubulale abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-1. Kodwa ake sibheke kancane.
Impi yaseVietnam yaba ukwehluleka kwebutho lase-U.S. Ukuketulwa e-Indonesia kwaba yimpumelelo. Owokuqala washintsha kancane emhlabeni. Lesi sakamuva sasibucayi ekucekeleni phansi ukunyakaza okungahlangene kohulumeni bezwe lesithathu, nasekusunguleni inqubomgomo “yokunyamalala” buthule nokuhlukumeza nokubulala inqwaba yezakhamizi ezincike kwesobunxele emhlabeni wonke. Leyo nqubomgomo yathathwa izikhulu zase-U.S. kusukela e-Indonesia kuya eLatin America futhi yasetshenziswa ukusungula i-Operation Condor kanye nenethiwekhi ebanzi yomhlaba wonke yemisebenzi yokubulala eholwa yi-U.S. kanye nesekelwa yi-U.S..
Indlela yaseJakarta yasetshenziswa e-Argentina, eBolivia, eBrazil, eChile, eParaguay, nase-Uruguay ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980, kwaze kwafika inani labantu abangu-60,000 kuya ku-80,000 ababulawa. Ithuluzi elifanayo lathathwa layiswa eVietnam ngo-1968-1972 ngaphansi kwegama elithi Operation Phoenix (50,000 babulawa), i-Iraq 1963 kanye ne-1978 (i-5,000 yabulawa), i-Mexico 1965-1982 (i-1,300 yabulawa), i-Philippines 1972-1986 (i-3,250 yabulawa), iThailand 1973 (3,000 babulawa), Sudan 1971 (ngaphansi kuka-100 ababulewe), East Timor 1975-1999 (300,000 babulawa), Nicaragua 1979-1989 (50,000 babulawa), El Salvador 1979-1992 (75,000 Hons-1980), Honduras 1993 abulawa), eColombia 200-1985 (kwabulawa abangu-1995 3,000-5,000 1947), kanye nezinye izindawo lapho izindlela ezifanayo zase ziqalile kakade, njengeTaiwan 10,000 (abangu-1948 1950 babulawa), iNingizimu Korea 100,000-200,000 (abangu-1954 1996 kuya ku-200,000 1959 babulawa), eGuatemala 1970 (500 babulawa), futhi Venezuela 1,500-XNUMX (XNUMX-XNUMX babulawa).
Lezi izinombolo zika-Bevins, kodwa uhlu aluphelele, futhi umthelela ogcwele awunakuqondakala ngaphandle kokuqaphela izinga lokhu okwakwaziwa ngalo emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwase-United States, kanye nezinga lo mkhuba wokubulala owenza usongo nje lokuqhubeka nokubulala okubalulekile ekuthonyeni ohulumeni kuzinqubomgomo ezilimaza abantu babo - ingasaphathwa eyokucasuka kanye ne-blowback ekhiqizwayo. Ngisanda kuxoxisana noJohn Perkins, umbhali we Confessions of an Economic Hitman, ku I-Radio Nation Nation, ngencwadi yakhe entsha, futhi lapho ngimbuza ukuthi zingaki ukuketulwa umbuso okufeziwe ngaphandle kokuketula umbuso, ngokusongela nje, impendulo yakhe “yayingenakubalwa.”
Indlela yaseJakarta ikwenza kucace amaphuzu athile ayisisekelo okuthi imibono edumile yomlando iba yiphutha. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi ayizange inqotshwe, ubunxiwankulu abuzange busakazwe, umkhakha wethonya wase-U.S. awuzange ukhuliswe nje ngesibonelo noma ngisho nangokukhuthazwa kweHollywood okuthile okufiselekayo, kodwa futhi ngokuphawulekayo ngokubulala uquqaba lwamadoda, abesifazane, nezingane ezinesikhumba esimnyama ezimpofu. amazwe ngaphandle kokubulawa kwamasosha ase-US okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukuthi umuntu aqale ukunakekela. I-CIA eyimfihlo, egxekayo kanye nesobho lezinhlamvu zama-ejensi angaphendulile akufezanga lutho phakathi neminyaka edlule ngokuhlola nokuphenya - empeleni leyo mizamo yayihlala iphikisana nemibandela yayo. Amathuluzi agumbuqela ohulumeni futhi abeka izinqubomgomo zezinkampani futhi amunca inzuzo nezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezisebenzi ezishibhile kwakungewona nje amathuluzi enkulumo-ze futhi kwakungezona nje izaqathe zosizo kubashiqela abanonya, kodwa futhi, mhlawumbe kuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu: ucelemba, intambo, isibhamu, ibhomu, nocingo lukagesi.
Umkhankaso wokubulala e-Indonesia awuzange ube nomsuka womlingo ngaphandle kokuphikiswa, nakuba wawumusha ngezinga lawo kanye nempumelelo yawo. Futhi kwakungancikile esinqumweni esisodwa e-White House, nakuba ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka ku-JFK kuya ku-LBJ kwakubucayi. I-United States yayilungiselela amasosha ase-Indonesia e-United States iminyaka, futhi ihlomisa amasosha ase-Indonesia iminyaka. I-US yakhipha inxusa elinokuthula e-Indonesia yafaka oyedwa owayeyingxenye yokuketula umbuso ngesihluku eSouth Korea. I-CIA ibe nomholi wayo omusha wase-Indonesia okhethwe kusenesikhathi, kanye nohlu olude “lwamakhomanisi” okufanele abulawe. Baba njalo. UBevins uphawula ukuthi izikhulu zase-U.S. zase zinikeze izinhlu ezifanayo zokubulala eGuatemala 1954 nase-Iraq 1963. Ngiyasola ukuthi iSouth Korea 1949-1950 ingase ibe kulolo hlu futhi.
Ukuketulwa e-Indonesia kwavikela futhi kwakhulisa inzuzo yezinkampani zikawoyela zase-U.S., izinkampani zezimayini, abanikazi bamasimu nezinye izinkampani. Njengoba igazi laligobhoza, imithombo yezindaba yase-U.S. yabika ukuthi abaseMpumalanga basemuva babeziqeda ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngokungenanjongo izimpilo ababengenazo ukubaluleka okukhulu (futhi akekho omunye okufanele abaluleke kakhulu). Eqinisweni umgqugquzeli oyinhloko wodlame kanye nomshoshozeli omkhulu ekuqhubekeni nokukhula kwakunguhulumeni wase-US. Iqembu lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni lamakhomanisi labhujiswa. Umsunguli wenhlangano Yezwe Lesithathu wasuswa. Futhi umbuso ophambene namakhomanisi ophambene nophiko lwesokudla wasungulwa futhi wasetshenziswa njengesibonelo kwezinye izindawo.
Nakuba manje sesazi ngocwaningo olwenziwa ngu-Erica Chenoweth ukuthi imikhankaso engenalo udlame emelene nobushiqela nokuhlala kwamanye amazwe isethubeni elikhulu lokuphumelela futhi leyo mpumelelo ihlala isikhathi eside kunempumelelo yemikhankaso enodlame, ulwazi lwale ndlela lwaphazanyiswa ukuketulwa kwe-Indonesia. Emhlabeni jikelele, “kufundwe isifundo esihlukile,” okungukuthi abashisekeli base-Indonesia bekufanele ngabe bahlomile futhi babe nobudlova. Lesi sifundo silethe usizi olungapheli kubantu abahlukahlukene amashumi eminyaka.
Incwadi kaBevins ithembekile ngokumangazayo futhi ayinakho ukuchema kwe-U.S.-centric (noma ukuchema kwe-U.S. kulolo daba). Kukhona okuhlukile, futhi kungabikezelwa: IMpi Yezwe II. NgokukaBevins, amasosha ase-United States alwa eMpini Yezwe II ukuze akhulule iziboshwa emakamu okufa, futhi ayinqoba impi. Amandla ale nganekwane ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokubulawa kwabantu abaningi u-Bevins aphikisa ngokusobala ukuthi akufanele athathwe kancane. Uhulumeni wase-US ngaphambi nangesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II wenqaba ukukhipha labo ababesongelwa amaNazi, wenqaba kaningi ukuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo sezombusazwe noma sezempi ukuze amise lokho kushaqisa, futhi akazange ahlobanise impi nemizamo yokusindisa izisulu zasekamu lejele kuze kube yilapho impi isiphelile. - impi eyanqotshwa kakhulu yiSoviet Union.
