Nge-Independent Global News, democracynow.org, Februwari 10, i-2022
I-African Union igxeka igagasi lokuketula umbuso e-Afrika, lapho amasosha ethathe izintambo ezinyangeni ezingu-18 ezedlule eMali, Chad, Guinea, Sudan futhi, kamuva nje, ngoJanuwari, eBurkina Faso. Eziningana zaziholwa izikhulu eziqeqeshwe yi-US njengengxenye yokukhula kwebutho lezempi lase-US esifundeni ngaphansi kwesicathulo sokulwa nobushokobezi, okuyithonya elisha lombuso elihlanganisa umlando wobukoloniyali baseFrance, kusho uBrittany Meché, umsizi kaprofesa eWilliams College. Okunye ukuketula umbuso kuhlangatshezwane nomgubho emigwaqweni, okukhombisa ukuvukela umbuso sekuphenduke indlela yokugcina kubantu abangagculisekile ngohulumeni abangabalaleli. "Phakathi kwempi eholwa yi-US yobushokobezi kanye nokugxila komphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe 'kwezokuphepha,' lena yingqikithi egxilisa, uma kungewona amalungelo, izixazululo zezempi ezinkingeni zezombusazwe," kunezela uSamar Al-Bulushi, umhleli we-Afrika. Izwe.
Okulotshiweyo
Lokhu kubhaliwe okusheshayo. Ikhophi kungenzeka ukuthi ayikho ekugcineni kwayo.
AMY GOODMAN: Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuNcwaba, 2020, amasosha eMali aketula uMongameli u-Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, nokuqubule igagasi lokuketulwa kwamasosha e-Afrika yonkana. Ngo-Ephreli odlule, umkhandlu wamasosha e-Chad wathatha izintambo zombuso kulandela ukushona kukaMengameli waseChad osenesikhathi eside u-Idriss Déby. Kwathi ngoMeyi 24, 2021, iMali yabona ukuketulwa umbuso kwayo kwesibili onyakeni. NgoSepthemba 5, amasosha aseGuinea athumba umongameli wezwe futhi ahlakaza uhulumeni waseGuinea kanye nomthethosisekelo. Kwathi ngomhla zingama-25 kuMfumfu, amasosha aseSudan athatha amandla afaka uNdunankulu u-Abdalla Hamdok esitokisini sasendlini, okwaqeda ukucindezela eSudan ekubusweni kwabantu. Ekugcineni, emasontweni amabili edlule, ngoJanuwari 23, abaholi bebutho laseBurkina Faso, beholwa umkhuzi oqeqeshwe yi-US, basusa umongameli wezwe, bamisa umthethosisekelo futhi bahlakaza iphalamende. Lokho kuwukuketulwa umbuso okuyisithupha emazweni amahlanu ase-Afrika esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka nesigamu.
Ngempelasonto, i-African Union igxeke izigameko zakamuva zokuketula umbuso. Lona nguMongameli waseGhana uNana Akufo-Addo.
UMONGAMELI NANA AKUFO-ADDO: Ukuvela kabusha kokuketulwa umbuso endaweni yethu kwephula ngokuqondile izimiso zethu zentando yeningi futhi kumelela usongo ekuthuleni, ekuvikelekeni nasekuzinzeni eNtshonalanga Afrika.
AMY GOODMAN: I-African Union imise amazwe amane kulawa: iMali, iGuinea, iSudan kanye, muva nje, iBurkina Faso. Ukuketulwa umbuso okuningi kuye kwaholwa yizikhulu zezempi ezithole ukuqeqeshwa kwe-US, labo base-US [sic] izikhulu. The Intercept muva nje kubika Izikhulu eziqeqeshwe yi-US zizame okungenani ukuketula umbuso okungenani eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi zaphumelela okungenani eziyisishiyagalombili, emazweni amahlanu aseNtshonalanga Afrika kusukela ngo-2008, okuhlanganisa neBurkina Faso izikhathi ezintathu; iGuinea, iMali izikhathi ezintathu; I-Mauritania neGambia.
Ukuze sikhulume kabanzi ngaleli gagasi lokuketula umbuso e-Afrika yonkana, sihlanganiswe izivakashi ezimbili. USamar Al-Bulushi uyisazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo e-University of California, e-Irvine, egxile kwezamaphoyisa, impi kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimpi yobushokobezi eMpumalanga Afrika. Incwadi yakhe ezayo inesihloko Ukwenza Impi Njengokwenza Umhlaba. U-Brittany Meché ungumsizi kaprofesa wezifundo zezemvelo e-Williams College, lapho egxile khona ezingxabanweni nasekushintsheni kwemvelo eNtshonalanga Afrika Sahel.
Brittany, ake siqale ngawe, Solwazi Meché. Uma ungakhuluma ngalesi sifunda sase-Afrika nokuthi kungani ukholelwa ukuthi babhekene nalesi sibalo sokuketula umbuso noma ukuzama ukuketulwa umbuso?
UBRITTANY MECHÉ: Ngiyabonga, Amy. Kumnandi ukuba lapha.
Ngakho-ke, okunye kokuphawula engifuna ukukunikeza ukuthi ngokuvamile uma lezi zinhlobo zezinto zenzeka, kulula ukuhlela ukubeka uhlaka lokugwema kukho konke lokhu kugumbuqela. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukusho nje ukuthi iNtshonalanga Afrika, noma izwekazi lase-Afrika libhala ngokukhulu, liyindawo nje lapho ukuketulwa umbuso kwenzeka khona, esikhundleni sokubuza imibuzo enzima ngempela mayelana nakho kokubili okuguquguqukayo kwangaphakathi kodwa nokuguquguquka kwangaphandle okusiza kulokhu kuketula umbuso.
Ngakho-ke, mayelana nokuguquguquka kwangaphakathi, lokho kungaba yizinto ezifana nenani labantu elilahlekelwa ukholo kohulumeni babo ukuthi baphendule ezidingweni eziyisisekelo, uhlobo lokungathandi okujwayelekile kanye nomuzwa wokuthi ohulumeni abakwazi ukuphendula emiphakathini, kodwa namandla angaphandle. . Ngakho-ke, sike sakhuluma kancane ngezindlela abaphathi bamakhomanda kokunye kwalokhu kuketula umbuso, ikakhulukazi ukucabanga ngeMali neBurkina Faso, abaqeqeshwa ngayo yi-US, kanti kwezinye izimo neFrance. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle emkhakheni wezokuphepha lwenze lukhuni imikhakha ethile yombuso kwalimaza ukubusa kwentando yeningi.
UJUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi, Solwazi Meché, ukhulume neFrance, futhi. Amazwe amaningana kulawa ayeyingxenye yombuso wamakoloni wakudala waseFrance e-Afrika, futhi iFrance ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje mayelana nezempi yawo e-Afrika. Ungakwazi yini ukukhuluma ngalo mthelela, njengoba i-United States iqala ukuba nethonya elikhulayo e-Afrika futhi njengoba iFrance ihlehla, mayelana nokuzinza noma ukungazinzi kweningi lalaba hulumeni?
UBRITTANY MECHÉ: Yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngempela ukuqonda iSahel yase-Afrika yangaleso sikhathi ngaphandle kokuqonda umthelela ongalingani iFrance enawo womabili njengamandla obukoloni bangaphambili kodwa futhi njengesizinda esinamandla somnotho esingalingani emazweni, ngokuyisisekelo enomthelela kwezomnotho, ukumba izinsiza emazweni aseNtshonalanga. I-African Sahel, kodwa futhi ekubekeni i-ajenda, ikakhulukazi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, egxile ngempela ekuqiniseni amasosha, ukuqinisa amaphoyisa, ukuqinisa imisebenzi yokulwa nobuphekula esifundeni sonke, nezindlela, futhi, lokhu kuqinisa ngempumelelo ibutho lezokuphepha.
Kodwa futhi ngicabanga, ikakhulukazi ukucabanga ngethonya lase-US, ukuthi i-US, ekuzameni ukuhlela uhlobo lweshashalazi entsha yempi yamaphekula eNtshonalanga Afrika Sahel, nayo ibe nomthelela kweminye yale mithelela engemihle thina. 'ngibone esifundeni sonke. Futhi ngakho-ke ukusebenzisana kwawo womabili amandla obukoloni bangaphambili kanye nalokho okuye kwachazwa izishoshovu phansi njengohlobo lobukhona obusha bombuso yi-United States, ngicabanga ukuthi zombili lezi zinto ziphazamisa ngempumelelo isifunda, ngaphansi kohlobo lwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuphepha. Kodwa esikubonile nje ukwandisa ukungazinzi, kwanda ukungavikeleki.
UJUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi mayelana nalokhu kuntengantenga kwesifunda, kuthiwani ngodaba, ngokusobala, oseludonse ukunaka kwe-United States ngokwandayo endaweni, yokwanda kwezihlubuki zamaSulumane, noma ngabe i-al-Qaeda noma i-ISIS, esifundeni?
UBRITTANY MECHÉ: Yebo, ngakho-ke, njengoba nje uhlobo lwamanethiwekhi obushokobezi emhlabeni wonke lusebenza e-West African Sahel, ngakho-ke i-al-Qaeda e-Islamic Maghreb kodwa futhi namahlumela e-ISIL, ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukucabanga ngodlame olwenzeka kulo lonke elase-Sahel njengeqiniso. izingxabano zendawo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba bengena kwamanye alawa manethiwekhi omhlaba, izingxabano zendawo, lapho imiphakathi yendawo inomuzwa wokuthi bobabili ohulumeni bezifunda abakwazi ukuphendula ezidingweni zabo kodwa futhi bakhulisa kokubili ukuncintisana phezu nomuzwa wokubusa. kanye nezindlela zokuziphendulela, kodwa futhi uhlobo lokungathandi okuvamile ngezindlela abantu mhlawumbe ababona ngazo ukuvukela ngezikhali, ukuphikiswa okuhlonyiwe, njengenye yezindlela ezimbalwa ezisele ukuze kufakwe izimangalo, benza izimangalo kohulumeni ababona bengekho ngempela futhi bengaphenduli.
AMY GOODMAN: USolwazi Meché, okwesikhashana sifuna ukukubuza ngamazwe athile, kodwa bengifuna ukuphendukela kuprofesa Samar Al-Bulushi, isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo e-University of California, e-Irvine, ogxile kwezobuphoyisa, impi kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi impi ukwesaba eMpumalanga Afrika, umhleli obambe iqhaza ekushicilelweni I-Afrika Izwe kanye nozakwethu eQuincy Institute. Uma ungasinika isithombe esiphelele sale ndawo uma kukhulunywa ngezempi, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuzibandakanya kwe-US mayelana nokuqeqesha izikhulu ezihililekile kulokhu kuketula umbuso? Ngisho, kuyamangalisa ngempela. Ezinyangeni ezingu-18 ezedlule, yini, sibone lesi sibalo sokuketula umbuso. Esikhathini esingengakanani eminyakeni engu-20 edlule sibone lesi sibalo sokuketulwa umbuso e-Afrika yonkana ngalesi sikhathi.
SAMAR AL-BULUSHI: Ngiyabonga, Amy. Kuhle ukuba nawe ohlelweni ekuseni.
Ngicabanga ukuthi uqinisile impela: Sidinga ukubuza mayelana nengqikithi yepolitiki ebanzi eye yaqinisa lezi zikhulu zezempi ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo ezinjena. Phakathi kwempi eholwa yi-US yobushokobezi kanye nokulungiswa komphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kabanzi ngokuthi, quote-unquote, "ukuphepha," lena umongo ogxilisa, uma kungewona amalungelo, izixazululo zezempi ezinkingeni zezombusazwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunokuthambekela eziteshini zezindaba ezivamile ezibika mayelana nokuketula umbuso kwakamuva ukubeka abadlali bangaphandle ngaphandle kohlaka lokuhlaziya, kodwa uma ucabangela indima ekhulayo yomyalo wezempi wase-US e-Afrika, owaziwa ngenye indlela ngokuthi i-AFRICOM, kuba kucace ukuthi kungaba yiphutha ukuhumusha izehlakalo kulawa mazwe njengomphumela wokungezwani kwezepolitiki kwangaphakathi kuphela.
Kubalaleli abangazijwayele, i-AFRICOM yasungulwa ngo-2007. Manje inezikhungo zezempi ezingaba ngu-29 ezaziwayo ezifundazweni ezingu-15 ezwenikazi lonke. Futhi amazwe amaningi, njengoba ushilo, ake aketulwa umbuso noma azama ukuketula umbuso angamadlelandawonye abalulekile e-US empini yobushokobezi, futhi abaholi abaningi balokhu kuketulwa umbuso bathole ukuqeqeshwa embuthweni wamasosha ase-US.
Manje, inhlanganisela yokuqeqeshwa kanye nosizo lwezezimali, okuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi eziningi zalezi, i-quote-unquote, "izifunda zozakwethu" zivumela amasosha ase-US ukuthi asebenze emhlabathini wawo, kusho ukuthi lezi zifundazwe zase-Afrika zikwazile ukwandisa kakhulu izingqalasizinda zokuphepha. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi ezimotweni zamaphoyisa ezihlomile, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, ama-drones nemicibisholo kunyukile. Futhi nakuba impi yenkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi ibeka phambili ukuhleleka nokuzinza, impi yanamuhla ichazwa ukulungela impi njalo. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-20 edlule, amazwe ambalwa ase-Afrika ayenezitha zangaphandle, kodwa impi yobushokobezi isihlele kabusha izibalo zesifunda mayelana nezokuphepha, futhi iminyaka yokuqeqeshwa yi-AFRICOM ikhiqize isizukulwane esisha sabalingisi bezokuphepha bobabili abagxile emibonweni nabahlomele impi. .
Futhi singacabanga ngezindlela lokhu okungena kuzo ngaphakathi, akunjalo? Ngisho noma beqeqeshelwe ukulwa okungase kube khona ngaphandle, singase sihumushe lokhu kuvukela umbuso njengokuthi - uyazi, njengokujikela ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lohlaka kanye nokuqondiswa kwempi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-US kanye namadlelandawonye ayo bathembele kakhulu kweziningi zalezi zifundazwe ekusebenzeni kwezokuphepha ezwenikazi, abaningi balaba baholi bavamise ukukwazi ukuhlanganisa amandla abo ngendlela evikeleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwangaphandle, ingasaphathwa eyokugxeka.
Futhi ngingaze ngiqhubekele phambili ngiphakamise ukuthi amazwe engisebenzisana nawo afana neKenya, ajoyine - eKenya, ukujoyina impi yobushokobezi empeleni kubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni iphrofayili yayo yezokuxhumana. Kubonakala sengathi kuphambene, kodwa iKenya ikwazile ukuzibeka njenge-quote-unquote, "umholi" empini yokwesaba eMpumalanga Afrika. Futhi ngandlela thize, ukulwela iphrojekthi yokulwa nobushokobezi akukhona nje ukufinyelela kosizo lwangaphandle, kodwa ngokulinganayo mayelana nokuthi amazwe ase-Afrika angaqinisekisa kanjani ukuhambisana kwawo njengabadlali bomhlaba wonke emhlabeni namuhla.
Iphuzu lokugcina engifuna ukuliveza elokuthi ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi singanciphisi lezi ntuthuko ngenxa yemiklamo yombuso kuphela, ngoba amandla kazwelonke nawesifunda abalulekile futhi adinga ukunakwa kwethu, ikakhulukazi endabeni yaseSudan. , lapho izifundazwe zaseGulf njengamanje zingaba nethonya elikhulu kune-United States. Ngakho-ke sidinga nje ukubona ubungozi obuzayo, vele, ngohlaziyo olubanzi, olushanelayo, njengalokhu engikunikeza khona lapha, uma sikhuluma ngezimo zezepolitiki ezihluke kakhulu.
UJUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi, Solwazi Bulushi, mayelana - usho inani elikhulu losizo lwezempi olusuka e-United States lwaya kulawa mazwe. Amanye alawa amanye amazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ungakhuluma ngomthelela lokho okunawo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwesizwe kanye neqhaza elikhulu elidlalwa amasosha kulawa mazwe, njengomthombo wokuqashwa noma wemali engenayo emikhakheni yalabo bantu abayingxenye noma abambisene namasosha?
SAMAR AL-BULUSHI: Yebo, umbuzo omuhle kakhulu lowo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapha ukuthi uhlobo losizo oluye lwathunyelwa ezwenikazi aligcini nje kwamasosha kanye nesizinda sezempi. Futhi esikubonayo uma siqala ukubhekisisa ukuthi indlela yokuvikeleka kanye nendlela yezempi yazo zonke izinkinga zezenhlalo nezombusazwe ithathe ngempumelelo ingxenye enkulu yemboni yonke yabaxhasi e-Afrika jikelele. Manje, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuba nzima kakhulu enhlanganweni yomphakathi, isibonelo, ukuthola isibonelelo sanoma yini enye ngaphandle kokuthile okuhlobene nokuvikeleka. Futhi kube khona imibhalo ethile eminyakeni yamuva nje ekhombisa imiphumela yalolu hlobo lwamakholoni embonini yosizo kubantu abaningi ezwenikazi lonke, ngendlela yokuthi abakwazi ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali ezindabeni ezidingeka kakhulu, uyazi, noma ngabe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, noma ngabe yimfundo, nalolo hlobo lwento.
Manje, ngifuna ukusho lapha ukuthi endabeni yaseSomalia, siyabona ukuthi kukhona - I-African Union ithumele amasosha okugcina ukuthula eSomalia ngemuva kokungenelela kwe-Ethiopia, ukungenelela kwe-Ethiopia esekelwe e-US eSomalia ngo-2006. Futhi singaqala ukubona - uma silandelela uxhaso olusetshenziselwe ukusekela umsebenzi wokugcina ukuthula eSomalia, sibona izinga inani elikhulayo lamazwe ase-Afrika elithembela ngalo kakhulu ekuxhasweni kwezempi. Ngokungeziwe kuxhaso oluza ngqo kohulumeni babo bezempi ngezinjongo zokuqeqesha, baya ngokuya bethembela - amasosha abo aya ngokuya ethembela emalini evela kuzinhlangano ezifana ne-European Union, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze akhokhele amaholo awo. Futhi okugqamayo ngempela lapha ukuthi amasosha okugcina ukuthula eSomalia athola amaholo avame ukuphinda aphindwe ka-10 kunalawo awathola emazweni akubo lapho nje, uyazi, etshalwe ngendlela evamile ekhaya. Ngakho-ke singabona ukuthi mangaki kulawa mazwe - futhi eSomalia, yiBurundi, Djibouti, Uganda, Kenya kanye ne-Ethiopia - asethembele kakhulu emnothweni wezepolitiki owakhiwe yimpi. Kulungile? Sibona uhlobo oluphuthumayo lwezisebenzi zamasosha ezifudukayo ezibe nomthelela wokuvikela kanye nokunciphisa ukubhekwa komphakathi kanye nesibopho sohulumeni abafana ne-United States - akunjalo? - obekungenjalo kuzobe kuthumela amasosha ayo phambili.
AMY GOODMAN: USolwazi Brittany Meché, bengizibuza — unguchwepheshe e-Sahel, futhi sizokukhombisa imephu yesifunda sase-Sahel e-Afrika. Uma ukwazi ukukhuluma ngokubaluleka kwayo nje, bese ugxila ikakhulukazi eBurkina Faso? Ngisho ukuthi, amaqiniso alapho, wena, ngo-2013, wahlangana namasosha akhethekile ase-US ayeqeqesha amasosha eBurkina Faso. Kusemuva nje ekuketulweni kombuso yidlanzana lapho owaqeqeshwa khona yiMelika, iMelika ithela ngaphezu kwezigidigidi zamarandi lokho okubizwa ngosizo lwezokuphepha. Ungakhuluma ngesimo lapho nokuthi utholeni ekukhulumeni nala mabutho?
UBRITTANY MECHÉ: Impela. Ngakho-ke, ngifuna ukunikeza uhlobo lwamazwana ohlaka olujwayelekile mayelana ne-Sahel, evamise ukususwa njengenye yezifunda ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni kodwa empeleni edlale indima ebalulekile ohlotsheni lomlando womhlaba, uhlobo lokucabanga ngayo. maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kanye nokuvela kosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa futhi uyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile njengomhlinzeki oyinhloko we-uranium, kodwa futhi abe uhlobo oluhlosiwe lwemisebenzi yezempi eqhubekayo.
Kodwa ukukhuluma kancane ngeBurkina Faso, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukubuyisela emuva esikhathini sika-2014, lapho owayengumholi wangaleso sikhathi u-Blaise Compaoré akhishwa esikhundleni soguquko olwaludumile ngesikhathi ezama ukwelula ukubusa kwakhe ngokubhala kabusha uMthethosisekelo. Futhi leso sikhathi kwaba uhlobo oluthile lwesikhathi esingase sibe khona, umzuzu wohlobo oluthile lombono woguquko mayelana nokuthi iBurkina Faso ingaba yini ngemva kokuphela kokubusa kuka-Compaoré weminyaka engama-27.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2015, ngahlangana neqembu lamasosha akhethekile ase-US ayeqhuba lezi zinhlobo zokuqeqesha ukulwa nobushokobezi nokuphepha ezweni. Futhi ngibuze ngokungananazi ukuthi ngabe bacabanga ukuthi, uma kubhekwa lesi sikhathi soguquko lwentando yeningi, uma ngabe lezi zinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wezokuphepha zizobukela phansi ngempela le nqubo yentando yeningi. Futhi nganikezwa zonke izinhlobo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yalokho amasosha ase-US okwakumelwe akwenze eSahel kwakuwukwenza amasosha ezokuphepha abe ngochwepheshe. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi, uma ngibheka emuva kuleyo nhlolokhono nokubona osekwenzekile kamuva, kokubili ukuzama ukuketula umbuso okwenzeka esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka ngemva kokuba ngenze leyo nhlolokhono futhi manje ukuketulwa umbuso okuyimpumelelo okwenzekile, ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu akuwona umbuzo omncane mayelana nokwenza umsebenzi wobungcweti. kanye nombuzo wokuthi kwenzekani lapho ukwakhiwa kwempi kuba okwenza umhlaba wonke, ukuthatha isihloko sencwadi kaSamar, kodwa uma uqinisa umkhakha othile wombuso, ubukela phansi ezinye izici zaleso sifundazwe, ubuyisela imali kude nezinto ezifana ne Umnyango Wezolimo, uMnyango Wezempilo, kuMnyango Wezokuvikela. Akumangalisi ukuthi uhlobo lwendoda enamandla egqoke umfaniswano luba uhlobo lomphumela okungenzeka kakhulu walolo hlobo lokuqina.
Ngifuna futhi ukubalula eminye yemibiko esike sayibona yabantu bebungaza lezi zigameko zokuketula umbuso. Ngakho, sakubona eBurkina Faso, eMali. Sayibona naseGuinea. Futhi angikufuni lokhu - ngingakunikeza lokhu hhayi njengohlobo lwemizwa emelene nentando yeningi efaka le miphakathi, kodwa, futhi, lolu hlobo lombono wokuthi uma ohulumeni bezakhamizi behlulekile ukuphendula izikhalazo. wemiphakathi, bese kuba umholi, uhlobo lomholi onamandla, othi, "Ngizokuvikela," uba uhlobo lwesixazululo esikhangayo. Kodwa ngingaphetha ngokuthi kukhona isiko eliqinile, kuyo yonke iSahel kodwa eBurkina Faso ikakhulukazi, lesenzo soguquko, lokucabanga kwenguquko, lokufuna izimpilo ezingcono zezepolitiki, ukuze kube nezimpilo ezingcono zenhlalo nomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi yilokho engiyethemba, ukuthi lokhu kuketula umbuso akukunyanyi lokho, nokuthi kukhona uhlobo lokubuyela kokuthile okufana nokubusa kwentando yeningi kulelozwe.
AMY GOODMAN: Ngifuna ukunibonga kakhulu nobabili ngokuba nathi. Ingxoxo esizoqhubeka nokuba nayo. UBrittany Meché unguprofesa eWilliams College, kanti uSamar Al-Bulushi unguprofesa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine.
Okulandelayo, siya eMinneapolis, lapho ababhikishi bangene khona emigwaqweni kusukela ngoLwesithathu olwedlule, ngemuva kokuba amaphoyisa adubule kabuhlungu u-Amir Locke oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Ubelele kusofa ngesikhathi begasela entathakusa bengangqongqozanga. Abazali bakhe bathi wabulawa. Izishoshovu zithi amaphoyisa azama ukuvala okwenzekile ngempela. Hlala nathi.
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AMY GOODMAN: “Amandla, Isibindi Nokuhlakanipha” ngu-India.Arie. NgoLwesihlanu, owawina indondo ye-Grammy Award izikhathi ezine ujoyine abanye abaculi abakhiphe umculo wabo kwaSpotify bephikisana nokuphawula okucwasa ngokwebala okwenziwe ngumsakazi we-podcast uJoe Rogan, kanye nokugqugquzela kukaRogan ulwazi olungaqondile nge-COVID-19. U-Arie uhlanganise ividiyo ka-Rogan ethi izikhathi ezingapheli ze-N.
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