Kumabonakude, sithole izihloko ezingaphezu kwe-1,100 ezithole ukusekelwa kwe-Pentagon - ezingama-900 kuzo kusukela ngo-2005, ukusuka ku-'Flight 93' kuya ku-'Ice Road Truckers' kanye 'ne-Army Wives'.
Ibhalwe nguMathewu Alford
Uhulumeni wase-US kanye Hollywood bebelokhu beseduze. IWashington DC sekuyisikhathi eside ingumthombo we amacebo athakazelisayo kubenzi befilimu futhi i-LA ibe ngumhlinzeki ophanayo we ubukhazikhazi kanye ne-glitz esigabeni sepolitiki.
Kodwa zincike kangakanani lezi zikhungo ezimbili zethonya laseMelika? Ukuhlolisiswa kwemibhalo ebifihliwe ngaphambilini kuveza ukuthi impendulo ithi: kakhulu.
We manje ingakhombisa ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwezokuphepha kwezwe lase-US kanye neHollywood bujule kakhulu futhi bungokwepolitiki ukwedlula noma ubani ake avuma.
Kuyindaba yomlando womphakathi ukuthi i-Pentagon ibe nehhovisi lokuxhumanisa ukuzijabulisa kusukela ngo-1948. I-Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) yasungula isikhundla esifanayo ku-1996. Nakuba kwakwaziwa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi bacela izinguquko zombhalo ngokushintshanisa iseluleko, imvume sebenzisa izindawo, nezinto zokusebenza ezifana nezithwali zezindiza, ngayinye ibonakala inezindima ezingenzi lutho, futhi ikakhulukazi izindima ze-apolitical.
Amafayela esiwatholile, ikakhulukazi ngoMthetho Wenkululeko Yolwazi Wase-US, abonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1911 no-2017, amafilimu afakiwe angaphezu kuka-800 athola ukwesekwa eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela Kahulumeni WaseMelika (i-DoD), inani eliphakeme kakhulu kune izilinganiso zangaphambilini ziyakhomba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-franchise we-blockbuster afana Transformers, Iron Man, Futhi I-Terminator.
Kumabonakude, sithole izihloko ezingaphezu kwe-1,100 zithole ukwesekwa kwePentagon - ezingama-900 kuzo kusukela ngo-2005, I-Flight 93 kuya I-Ice Road Truckers kuya Amakhosikazi aseMpi.
Uma sifaka iziqephu ngazinye zemibukiso eqhubeka isikhathi eside njenge 24, Homeland, Futhi NCIS, kanye nomthelela wezinye izinhlangano ezinkulu njenge-FBI kanye ne-White House, singasungula ngokungananazi okokuqala ngqa ukuthi izwe lezokuphepha lisekele izinkulungwane zamahora okuzijabulisa.
Ngokohlangothi lwayo, i-CIA isize ezinhlelweni zamafilimu nezethelevishini ezingama-60 kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1947. Lesi yisibalo esiphansi kakhulu kune-DoD's kodwa indima yayo yize kunjalo ibibalulekile.
I-CIA yenza umzamo omkhulu ekwenqabeni izethulo zokuba khona kwayo phakathi nawo-1940s kanye nama-1950s. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi yayingekho ngokuphelele esikweni lesinema kanye nethelevishini kuze kube isithombe esidlulayo seplaque efihlwe kancane ku-Alfred Hitchcock's. Enyakatho Ngenyakatho-ntshonalanga ngo-1959, njengesazi-mlando uSimon Willmetts kwembulwe ngonyaka odlule.
Ngokushesha i-CIA yabekezelela ukuwohloka kokusekelwa komphakathi, kuyilapho iHollywood ibeka le nhlangano njenge-villain ezithombeni ezixakile njenge Izinsuku ezintathu zeCondor futhi Ukubuka kweParallax ngawo-1970 kuya ngawo-1980.
Ngenkathi i-CIA isungula ihhovisi lokuxhumanisa ezokuzijabulisa ngo-1996, yenza isikhathi esilahlekile, igcizelela kakhulu ifilimu i-Al Pacino. I-Recruit kanye nefilimu yokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden I-Zero Emnyama Emashumi amathathu. Amamemo ayimfihlo aputshuziwe eshicilelwe nguzakwethu uTricia Jenkins ngo-2016, namanye amamemo ashicilelwe ngo-2013 ngabezindaba abavamile, abonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ngamunye wale mikhiqizo wawuthonywe kakhulu izikhulu zikahulumeni. Kokubili kwandise noma kwakhuphula izinsongo zomhlaba wangempela futhi kwadambisa ububi bukahulumeni.
Olunye lwezinguquko ezimangaza kakhulu, nokho, saluthola engxoxweni engashicilelwe mayelana namahlaya Ukuhlangabezana Abazali. I-CIA ivumile ukuthi ibuze ukuthi umlingiswa kaRobert De Niro akanalo uhlu olusabisayo lwezincwadi zokuhlushwa ze-ejensi.
Akufanele futhi sibheke izinkonzo zomshoshaphansi njengezingenzi lutho, ezingenangqondo noma ezingasebenzi phakathi neminyaka ye-counterculture noma imiphumela yako. Babesakwazi ukuphazamisa isithombe sikaMarlon Brando mayelana ne I-Iran-Contra scandal (lapho i-US ithengisele i-Iran izikhali ngokungemthetho) ngokusungula inkampani yangaphambili ephethwe nguColonel Oliver North ukuze ukweqa uBrando ngamalungelo, kusho intatheli uNicholas Shou muva nje.
Ukusikwa komqondisi (CIA).
Umbuso wezokuphepha kazwelonke unomthelela omkhulu, kwesinye isikhathi omncane, kulokho iHollywood ekudlulisayo ngokwepolitiki. Vuliwe Hulk, i-DoD icele ukuguqulwa kweskripthi “okukhulu kakhulu”, ngokuya ngamanothi ombhalo esiwathole ngeNkululeko Yolwazi. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa amasosha ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezesabekayo ezakha "i-monster" kanye nokushintsha igama lekhodi yokusebenza ukuze kuthathwe i-Hulk kusukela "esandleni se-ranch" kuya "kumuntu othukuthele". I-Ranch Hand bekuyigama lohlelo lwangempela lwempi yamakhemikhali phakathi nempi yaseVietnam.
Ekwenzeni i-alien movie Oxhumana naye, i-Pentagon "ixoxisane ngokusekela umphakathi cishe zonke izingxenye zezempi", ngokusho kwedatha egciniwe esiyitholile. Kususe isigcawu embhalweni wokuqala lapho amasosha akhathazekile ngokuthi impucuko yezinye izizwe izobhubhisa Umhlaba “ngomshini wosuku lwembubhiso”, umbono ochithwe umlingiswa ka-Jodie Foster njengokuthi “i-paranoia ngemva nje kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi”.
Iqhaza lombuso wezokuphepha kuzwelonke ekubumbeni ukuzijabulisa kwesikrini liye labukelwa phansi futhi ukuhlolwa kwakho kwagxila isikhathi eside izandla ezimbalwa ngokuphawulekayo. Izincwadi zamuva nje ziye zahlehla kodwa kancane kancane nangokwesikhashana. Impumelelo yangaphambili yenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, lapho osomlando bakhonjiwe imizamo eyimpumelelo ngeminyaka yawo-1950 yomuntu osesikhundleni esiphezulu sefilimu yokuthuthukisa ukulandisa okuvuna othintana naye we-CIA owaziwa kuphela ngokuthi “u-Owen”.
Amadokhumenti amasha e-FOI anikeza umqondo ongcono kakhulu wesilinganiso esikhulu semisebenzi yezwe embonini yezokuzijabulisa, esethula eduze. izifundo eziningi zamacala amasha. Kodwa namanje asikawazi umthelela othile kahulumeni engxenyeni enkulu yamafilimu nemibukiso. I-American Navy's I-Marine Corps yodwa yavuma kithi ukuthi kunamabhokisi angu-90 wezinto ezifanele endaweni yayo yomlando. Uhulumeni ubonakale ecophelela kakhulu ukugwema ukubhala phansi imininingwane yezinguquko zangempela ezenziwe emibhalweni ekhulwini lama-21.
Izikhulu zombuso zichaze iWashington DC neHollywood njengeziyiyo “kuvela ku-DNA efanayo” kanye nenhloko-dolobha njengoba injalo "I-Hollywood yabantu ababi". Leyo DNA embi ishumeke kude nakude. Kubonakala sengathi amadolobha amabili asemaceleni ahlukene e-United States asondelene kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga.
U-Matthew Alford ungumfundi ofundisa inkulumo-ze kanye nethiyori e-University of Bath. Lesi siqeshana savela ekuqaleni The ingxoxo
