IZINDAZI ZINGAKHUMBI NGOKUKHENZEKA

Umqondo wokuthi izimpi zikhishwa ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwabantu kungase kungabonakali okokuqala ngisho nokufanele ukuphendula. Izimpi zibulala abantu. Yini engabasiza abantu ngalokho? Kodwa bheka uhlobo lwezinkolelo ezithengisa ngempumelelo izimpi ezintsha:

"Le mpikiswano yaqala ngo-Aug. 2, lapho umbusi we-Iraq ehlasela umakhelwane omncane nomsizi. I-Kuwait, ilungu le-Arab League kanye nelungu leZizwe Ezihlangene, lachotshozwa, abantu bayo bahlukunyezwa. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezedlule, uSaddam Hussein waqala le mpi enonya ngokumelene neKaiit; kulobu busuku, impi ihlangene. "

Ukhulume kanje uMongameli Bush uMdala ngesikhathi eqala iMpi YeGulf ngo-1991. Akazange athi ufuna ukubulala abantu. Uthe wayefuna ukukhulula izisulu ezingenakubalwa kwabacindezeli babo, umqondo ozobhekwa njengomuntu ongashiywanga ezombusazwe zasekhaya, kodwa umqondo obonakala udala ukwesekwa kwangempela izimpi. Futhi nangu uMongameli Clinton okhuluma ngeYugoslavia eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva:

"Ngesikhathi ngilalela amabutho ethu ehlomile ukuba silwe, sinezinhloso ezintathu ezicacile: ukusiza abantu baseKosovo, izisulu zezinye izinyathelo ezinonya kakhulu eYurophu kusukela eMpini Yezwe Yesibili, ukubuyela emakhaya abo ngokuphepha nokuzibusa ; ukufuna amabutho aseSerbia aphethwe yilezo zihluku ukushiya iKosovo; futhi ukuthumela i-international security force, ne-NATO engqenqemeni yayo, ukuvikela bonke abantu balawo mhlaba onenkathazo, amaSerbia nama-Albani ngokufanayo. "

Bheka futhi ngombhalo osetshenziselwa ukugcina ngempumelelo izimpi ezihamba iminyaka:

"Ngeke sishiye abantu base-Iraq."
- UNobhala Wombuso uColin Powell, August 13, 2003.

"I-United States ngeke iyilahle i-Iraq."
- UMengameli George W. Bush, Mashi, 21, 2006.

Uma ngingena endlini yakho, ngishaya amafasitela, ngiphakamisa ifenisha futhi ngibulala isigamu somndeni wakho, ingabe ngiyazibophezela ukuhlala futhi ngihlale ubusuku? Kungabe kube ngukuhlukumeza futhi kungenandaba nami ukuba 'ngiyeke' wena, ngisho nalapho ungikhuthaza ukuba ngishiye? Noma ingabe kungumsebenzi wami, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuba ngisuke ngokushesha ngize ngiye esiteshini samaphoyisa esiseduze? Lapho izimpi zase-Afghanistan ne-Iraq seziqalile, ingxabano yaqala efana nalesi. Njengoba ubona, lezi zindlela ezimbili zihlukene ngamamayela amaningi, naphezu kokubili kokuhlelwa njengobuntu. Omunye uthi kufanele siphume ngaphandle kokuphana, enye okufanele sishiye ngaphandle kwehlazo nenhlonipho. Yikuphi okulungile?

Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq, kusho uNobhala weNkohlakalo uColin Powell etshela uMengameli Bush ukuthi uzoba ngumnikazi oziqhenya ngabantu abayizigidi ezingu-25. Uzoba nawo wonke amathemba, izifiso, nezinkinga zabo. Uzoba ngowakho konke. "Ngokusho kukaBob Woodward," uPowell noSekela likaNobhala kaHulumeni uRichard Armitage babiza lokhu kubusa kwePottery Barn: Uyiphule, unayo. "USeninkulu uJohn Kerry ucacise ukubusa lapho eqhuba umongameli, futhi kwakungokwemvelo futhi kuyamukelwa kabanzi njengezombusazwe baseRepublican and Democrats eWashington, DC

I-Pottery Barn iyisitolo esingenayo imithetho enjalo, okungenani hhayi ngezingozi. Akukho emthethweni emazweni amaningi ezweni lethu ukuthi libe nomthetho onjalo, ngaphandle kwamacala okungahloniphi okukhulu nokubhujiswa ngamabomu. Le ncazelo, eqinisweni, ivumelane nokuhlasela kwe-Iraq kuya ku-T. Imfundiso 'yokuthuthumela nokwesaba,' yokuqothula ukubhujiswa okunamandla okukhulu ukuthi isitha siphelile ngenxa yokwesaba nokungabi nasize sekuyisikhathi eside sesibonakalisiwe singenathemba futhi singenangqondo njengoba kuzwakala . Kwakungasebenzi eMpi Yezwe II noma kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Abantu baseMelika bahamba nge-parachute eJapane emva kwezibhamu zenuzi babengakhothameli; babedlwenguliwe. Abantu bebelokhu balwa futhi njalo bazokwenza, njengoba nje kungenzeka. Kodwa ukushaqeka nokwesaba kuklanyelwe ukufaka ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwengqalasizinda, ukuxhumana, ukuthutha, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nokuhlinzeka, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi, njalonjalo. Ngamanye amazwi: ukufakwa okungekho emthethweni kokuhlupheka okukhulu kubantu bonke. Uma lokho kungabhubhi ngamabomu, Angazi ukuthi yini.

Ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq kwahloswe futhi ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa komnotho," "ukuguqulwa kobuso." Umshaqashi wasuswa endaweni yesehlakalo, ekugcineni wathunjwa, futhi kamuva wabulawa ngemuva kwesilingo esibucayi esasigweme ubufakazi bokuthi ubugebengu be-US bubucayi emacaleni akhe. Abantu abaningi base-Iraq bajabule ngokususwa kukaSaddam Hussein, kodwa ngokushesha baqala ukufuna ukuhoxiswa kwezempi zase-United States ezweni lakubo. Ingabe lokhu kungabongi? "Ngiyabonga ngokufaka umshiqelali wethu. Ungavumeli i-cookie ibambe kuwe embongolo endleleni yakho yokuphuma! "Hmm. Lokho kwenza kube sengathi sengathi i-United States ifuna ukuhlala, futhi njengokungathi ama-Iraqi asinikeze umusa wokusivumela ukuba sihlale. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ngokuhlala ngokungenqikazi ukufeza umsebenzi wethu wokuziphatha wobunikazi. Ikuphi?

Isigaba: OWNING PEOPLE

Umuntu uphatha kanjani ukuthi abe ngumnikazi wabantu? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uPowell, umAfrika waseMelika, abanye babo okhokho babo ababengabagqila eJamaica, batshele umengameli ukuthi uzoba ngabantu bakhe, abantu abanobumnyama abanobumnyama abanoMelika abaningi ababenokubandlulula. UPowell wayephikisana nokuhlasela, noma okungenani isixwayiso salokho okwakuzobandakanya. Kodwa ingabe ukuphatha abantu kufanele kubandakanyeke? Uma i-United States kanye neqhaza layo lamaqabunga amakhiwane amancane aphuma kwamanye amazwe lase liphuma e-Iraq lapho uGeorge W. Bush etshela ukuthi "umsebenzi ufezeke" esitokisini sezindiza esikhungweni sezindiza eSorton Harbor ngoMeyi 1, 2003 , hhayi ukuxosha amabutho ase-Iraqi, hhayi ukuvimbela amadolobha nezindawo zokuhlala, hhayi ukushayisana kwezinhlanga, hhayi ukuvimbela i-Iraqis ekusebenzeni ukulungisa umonakalo, futhi hhayi ukuxoshwa izigidi zama-Iraqi emakhaya abo, ngakho-ke umphumela kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange ube ekahle, kodwa cishe ngokuqinisekile bekuyobandakanya usizi oluncane kunalokho okwenziwe empeleni, ngokulandela umthetho wokugcina amabhaka.

Noma kuthiwani uma iUnited States ihalalisele i-Iraq ngokulwa nokulwa kwayo, okwakushiwo uhulumeni wase-United States ngokugcwele? Kuthiwani uma sisususe amasosha ethu endaweni, sichitha izindawo ezingekho-fly, futhi siphelile izigwegwe zomnotho, uNobhala WezeMbuso uMadeleine Albright wayekhulume ku-1996 kulolu shicilelo ohlelweni lwethelevishini 60 Amaminithi:

"LESLEY STAHL: Sizwile ukuthi izingane eziyizigidi eziyizigidi zafa. Ngisho ukuthi, yizingane ezingaphezu kokushona e-Hiroshima. Futhi, niyazi, ingabe intengo ewufanele?

ALBRIGHT: Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa intengo - sicabanga ukuthi intengo ibalulekile. "

Kwakungaba? Kuningi okwenzekile ukuthi impi yayisadingeka ku-2003? Lezo zingane zazingeke zisindiswe iminyaka eminye eyisikhombisa nemiphumela yezombangazwe efanayo? Kuthiwani uma i-United States isebenze ne-Iraq ehlongozwe phansi ekugqugquzeleni iMpumalanga Ephakathi echithwa phansi, kuhlanganise nazo zonke izizwe zayo endaweni engenazikhali zenuzi, ikhuthaza u-Israyeli ukuba aqede amandla akhe enuzi esikhundleni sokukhuthaza i-Iran ukuba izame ukuthola eyodwa? UGeorge W. Bush wayevumile i-Iran, i-Iraq neNorth Korea ukuba ibe "isisindo sobubi," bahlasele i-Iraq engasetshenziswanga, bengayinaki i-North Korea ehlomile, base beqala ukusongela i-Iran. Ukube wawuyi-Iran, ngabe ngabe wawufunani?

Kuthiwani uma i-United States isinikeze usizo lwezomnotho e-Iraq, e-Iran nakwezinye izizwe esifundeni, futhi yahola umzamo wokubahlinzekela (noma okungenani izigwegwe ezithintekayo ezivimbela ukwakhiwa) kwemimoya yomoya, amapaneli elanga, nokusimamisa ingqalasizinda yamandla, ngaleyo ndlela uletha ugesi kubantu abaningi kunokuba abantu abambalwa? Le phrojekthi ayikwazanga ukubiza noma yikuphi okufana nezigidigidi zamaRandi ezichithekile empini phakathi kwe-2003 ne-2010. Ngezindleko ezincane ezengeziwe, singase senze uhlelo olukhulu lokushintshanisa abafundi phakathi kwezikole zase-Iraq, i-Iranian nase-US. Akukho okudambisa impi njengezibopho zobungane nomndeni. Kungani indlela enjalo ingeke ibe yilezo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuziphatha okujulile nokuziphatha njengokumemezela ubunikazi bezwe lomunye umuntu ngenxa yokuthi sizoyibhuqa?

Ingxenye yokungavumelani, ngicabanga, ivela phezu kokuhluleka ukucabanga ukuthi ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kubonakala kanjani. Uma sicabanga njengochungechunge oluhlanzekile nolungenabungozi lwe-blips kumdlalo wevidiyo, lapho "amabhomu ahlakaniphile" ethuthukisa iBaghdad ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa" ngokukhipha abenzi bokubi bawo, bese uqhubekela esiteji esilandelayo sokufeza imisebenzi yethu njengabaphathi bendawo entsha Kalula nakakhulu. Uma, esikhundleni salokho, sicabanga ukuthi ukubulala nokulimala kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala okwenzekile ngenkathi iBaghdad ibhomu, khona-ke imicabango yethu iphendukela ekuxoliseni nasezikhawulweni njengento yokuqala yokuqala, futhi siqala ukubuza ukuthi sinelungelo yini noma ukuma ukuziphatha njengabanikazi bezinto ezisele. Eqinisweni, ukushaya ummbila ePottery Barn bekuyoholela ekukhokeleni kwethu umonakalo nokuxolisa, hhayi ukubheja ukushaywa kwezimbiza eziningi.

Isigaba: GENEROSITY RACIST

Omunye umthombo omkhulu wokungqubuzana phakathi kwamapro-anti-potterybarners, ngicabanga ukuthi, wehla emandleni enamandla neqhamuka okukhulunywa ngawo esahlukweni sokuqala: ubuhlanga. Khumbula uMongameli McKinley ukuphakamisa ukulawula iPhilippines ngoba abampofu basePhilippines babengenakukwazi ukwenza ngokwabo? UWilliam Howard Taft, uMbusi Omkhulu waseMelika wasePhilippines, wathi amaPhilippines "abazalwane bethu abantsundu." EVietnam, lapho iV Vietcong ibonakala izimisele ukudela ukuphila kwabo abaningi ngaphandle kokuzinikela, kwaba ubufakazi bokuthi bafaka kancane ukubaluleka kokuphila, okwaba ngubufakazi bemvelo yabo embi, okwaba yizizathu zokubulala ngisho nangaphezulu kwazo.

Uma sibeka eceleni umbuso wokugcina amabumbi okwesikhashana futhi ucabange, esikhundleni salokho, ngomthetho wegolide, sithola uhlobo oluhlukile kakhulu lwesiqondiso. "Yenza kwabanye njengoba uthanda ukuba bakwenze kuwe." Uma esinye isizwe sihlasela izwe lethu, futhi umphumela waba ngokushesha; uma kungaqondakali ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lukahulumeni, uma lukhona, oluzovela; uma lesi sizwe sasengozini yokuqhekeka; uma kungenzeka kube nempi yombango noma i-anarchy; futhi uma kungekho lutho oluqinisekile, yini into yokuqala esingayifuna ukuba isosha elizohlasela lizokwenza? Kulungile: thola isihogo ezweni lethu! Futhi empeleni yilokho iningi labantu base-Iraq e-polls amaningi litshele i-United States ukuthi yenze iminyaka. UGeorge McGovern noWilliam Polk babhala ku-2006:

"Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abaningi base-Iraq bayacabanga ukuthi i-United States ngeke ihoxise ngaphandle kokuba iphoqelelwe ukwenza kanjalo. Lo mzwa mhlawumbe uchaza ukuthi kungani i-USA Today / CNN / Gallup ikhetha ukuthi ama-Iraq ayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi abheka i-America hhayi 'njengomkhululi' kodwa njengomuntu ohlala kuyo, kanti amaphesenti angu-88 amaSulumane amaSulumane awakhuthaza ukuhlasela kwamabutho aseMelika. "

Yiqiniso, lawo mathiphu kanye nezombangazwe abazuzayo emsebenzini bafuna ukuwuqhubeka uqhubeka. Kodwa ngisho nangaphakathi kukahulumeni wezintambo, iPhalamende lase-Iraq yenqabe ukuvuma isivumelwano ukuthi abaPresidents Bush noMaliki bakhulume ku-2008 ukuze bandise umsebenzi iminyaka emithathu, ngaphandle kokuba abantu banikezwe ithuba lokuvota noma phansi ngaphansi kokubonisana. Lokho kuvota kamuva kwaphikiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngoba wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi umphumela wawuyoba yini. Ukunikeza abantu ngaphandle komusa wezinhliziyo zethu kuyinto eyodwa, ngiyakholwa, kodwa ukwenza ngokumelene nentando yabo kuyinto ehlukile. Futhi ubani owake wakhetha ngokuzithandela ukuba abe ngumnikazi?

Isigaba: INGABE SIKHULU?

Ingabe ukuphana ngempela kuyisisusa esilandela izimpi zethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuqaliswa kwazo noma ukukhuliswa kwazo? Uma isizwe sinikezela kwezinye izizwe, kubonakala sengathi kungaba njalo ngendlela engaphezu kweyodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlola uhlu lwezizwe ezibekwe yizinhlangano ezinikeza abanye futhi uhlu lwezizwe ezibekwa yizindleko zabo zempi, akukho ukulungiswa. Uhlu lwamanye amazwe angama-amabili ashebile kakhulu, alinganiselwe ngokwekunikezwa kwamanye amazwe, i-United States iseduze naphezulu, futhi inqwaba enkulu ye "usizo" esiyinike kwamanye amazwe empeleni iyisikhali. Uma ukupha okuyimfihlo kuhlanganiswa nokunikezwa komphakathi, i-United States ihamba kancane kancane ohlwini. Uma imali abafuduki abasanda kuyithumela emindenini yabo ifakiwe, i-United States ingase iphakamise kancane, nakuba lokho kubonakala sengathi kunjani ukupha okuhlukile kakhulu.

Uma ubheka izizwe eziphezulu ngokwemali yokusetshenziswa kwempi ngomuntu ngamunye, akukho nezwe elicebile elivela eYurophu, e-Asia, noma eNyakatho Melika elenza noma yikuphi eduze kwehlu, ngaphandle kwe-United States. Izwe lethu lifika ngolweshumi nanye, kanye nezwe le-10 ngaphezulu kwalo ekusetshenzisweni kwempi ngomuntu ngamunye kusukela eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika, noma e-Asia ephakathi. I-Greece ifika ku-23rd, eNingizimu Korea i-36th, nase-United Kingdom 42nd, nazo zonke ezinye izizwe zaseYurophu nase-Asia ziqhubeka phansi ohlwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-United States ingumthengisi ophezulu kakhulu wokuthengiswa kwezingalo zangasese, neRussia iwukuphela kwezwe ezweni eliza kude kakhulu nalo.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kumazwe amakhulu acebile i-22, amaningi ayo anikezela okunye ukusizwa kwamanye amazwe kunasese e-United States, i-20 ayizange iqalise noma yiziphi izimpi ezizukulwaneni, uma zikhona, futhi ikakhulukazi zithathe izindima ezincane ezilawulwa yi-US amaqembu empi; elinye lamanye amazwe amabili, eNingizimu Korea, libandakanya ukuxabana neNyakatho Korea ne-US imvume; futhi izwe lokugcina, e-United Kingdom, lilandela ngokuyinhloko ukuhola kwe-US.

Impucuko yabahedeni yayihlala ibhekwa njengomsebenzi ophanayo (ngaphandle kwabezizwe). Isiphetho sokubonakaliswa kwakukholakala ukuthi sikhombisa uthando lukaNkulunkulu. Ngokusho kwesazi semvelaphi yabantu uClark Wissler, “lapho iqembu lingena esixazululweni esisha senkinga yalo ebalulekile yamasiko, liyashisekela ukusabalalisa lowo mbono phesheya, futhi lishukumiseleka ukuba liqale inkathi yokunqoba ukuze liphoqelele ukuqashelwa kokufaneleka kwalo. ” Ukubhebhetheka? Ukubhebhetheka? Kukuphi lapho esizwile khona okuthile ngokusabalalisa isixazululo esibalulekile? O, yebo, ngiyakhumbula:

"Futhi indlela yesibili yokunqoba amaphekula ukusabalalisa inkululeko. Uyabona, indlela engcono yokunqoba umphakathi ongenalo ithemba, umphakathi lapho abantu bethukuthele khona ukuthi bazimisele ukuba abazibulala, ukusakaza inkululeko, ukusakaza intando yeningi. "- UMongameli George W. U-Bush, uJuni 8, i-2005.

Lokhu akusiyo umqondo oyisiphukuphuku ngoba uBush ukhuluma ngokunganqikazi futhi ubiza igama elithi "abazibulala." Kuyinto eyisiphukuphuku ngoba inkululeko nentando yeningi ayikwazi ukufakwa ngesihluthulelo ngombutho wangaphandle ongacabangi kakhulu ngabantu abasanda kukhululeka ukuthi uzimisele babulala ngokungenangqondo. Inkululeko yentando yeningi edingekayo kusengaphambili ukuba ihlale eqotho e-United States ayiyona uhulumeni omele, kodwa kunalokho uhlobo oluthile olungavamile lokuxuba nokucindezela. Inkululeko yentando yeningi eyenziwe ukuze kuboniswe emhlabeni ukuthi indlela yethu iyindlela engcono kakhulu engenakwenzeka ukudala uhulumeni,, kanye nabantu.

Umlawuli wase-US uStanley McChrystal uchaze umzamo ohleliwe kodwa ohlulekile wokudala uhulumeni ku-Marjah, Afghanistan, ku-2010; uthe uzoletha isigqoko esithathwe ngesandla kanye nesethi sabasebenzi bangaphandle "njengohulumeni ebhokisini." Ngeke yini ufuna ukuthi ibutho langaphandle lilethe elinye lalawo dolobha?

Ngamaphesenti angu-86 wamaMelika ngo-February 2010 CNN poll ethi uhulumeni wethu uphukile, ingabe sinolwazi, singalokothi sikhumbule igunya, ukubeka isibonelo sikahulumeni komunye umuntu? Futhi uma senza kanjalo, ingabe ibutho lempi lalizoba yilapho okuzokwenza khona?

Isigaba: UTHINI UKUBA UFANELE UFANELE UKUQALA?

Ukubheka okuhlangenwe nakho okudlule, ukudala isizwe esisha ngokubamba iqhaza kuvame ukuhluleka. Sivame ukubiza lo msebenzi "ukwakha isizwe" nakuba ngokuvamile kungakhethi isizwe. Ngo-May 2003, izazi ezimbili eCarnegie Endowment for International Peace zakhishwa ucwaningo lwemizamo yaseMelika eyedlule ekwakheni isizwe, ukuhlola - ngokulandelana kwesikhathi - Cuba, ePanama, eCuba futhi, eNicaragua, eHaiti, eCuba futhi, iDominican Republic, West EJalimane, eJapane, iDominican Republic futhi, eNingizimu neVietnam, eCambodia, eGrenada, ePanama futhi, eHaiti futhi nase-Afghanistan. Kule mizamo ye-16 ekwakhiweni kwesizwe, kwabane kuphela, abalobi baphetha ngokuthi, kwakuyintando yeningi eqhubekayo uma nje iminyaka engu-10 ngemuva kokuphuma kwamandla e-US.

Ngokuthi "ukuhamba" kwamabutho ase-US, abalobi besifundo sangenhla babesho ngokucacile ukunciphisa, njengoba amabutho ase-US engakaze ahambe empeleni. Amazwe amabili kulawo amane ayebhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi ahlukunyezwa eJapane naseJalimane. Abanye ababili babengamakhelwane base-US - iGrenada encane nePanama. Lokho okuthiwa ukwakha isizwe ePanama kubhekwa ukuthi kuthathe iminyaka engu-23. Ukulinganisa isikhathi esifanayo kuzokwenza imisebenzi yase-Afghanistan ne-Iraq ibe yi-2024 ne-2026 ngokulandelana.

Ngalokothi, abalobi abatholile, banombuso wokuzimela osekelwa yi-United States, njengalabo ase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, benze ushintsho ngentando yeningi. Abalobi balolu cwaningo, uMinxin Pei noSarra Kasper, bathole nokuthi ukudala izintandokazi ezihlala njalo kwakungakaze kube umgomo oyinhloko:

"Inhloso eyinhloko yemizamo yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwezizwe zase-US kwakuyizinhlelo eziningi. Emizamweni yayo yokuqala, iWashington yanquma ukufaka esikhundleni noma ukusekela umbuso ezweni langaphandle ukuze livikele ukuvikeleka kwalo okuyisisekelo kanye nezithakazelo zomnotho, hhayi ukwakha intando yeningi. Kamuva kuphela imibono yezombangazwe yaseMelika kanye nesidingo sayo sokusekela asekhaya ukwakha isizwe kubangela ukuba uzame ukubusa ukubusa ngentando yeningi ezindaweni ezibhekiswe kuzo. "

Ucabanga ukuthi isabelo sokuthula singase sithandane nempi? Ngokuqinisekile i-Pentagon eyakhiwe i-RAND Corporation kumele ihlelwe yinto enhle ngenxa yempi. Noma kunjalo isifundo se-RAND semisebenzi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-2010, isifundo esenzelwe i-US Marine Corps, sathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-90 wokuvukela ohulumeni abuthakathaka, njenge-Afghanistan, aphumelela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwakheka kwesizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunqunywe noma kwasuswa kwamanye amazwe, kwehluleka.

Eqinisweni, njengoba nje abasekeli bezempi besitshela ukuba siqhubekele phambili futhi "sihlale esikoleni" e-Afghanistan ku-2009 no-2010, izazi ezivela ngaphesheya kwezombangazwe ziyavuma ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo akunakufeza lutho, kuncane kakhulu ukunikeza izinzuzo ezikhulu kuma-Afghans . Inxusa lethu, uKarl Eikenberry, liphikisana nokukhula kwezintambo ezinamanzi. Izikhulu eziningi zangaphambili ezisezempi kanti i-CIA yavuma ukuhoxiswa. UMathewu Hoh, isithunywa sezulu sase-US esiphezulu esifundazweni saseZabul nomphathi wangasolwandle, washiya futhi wayesekela ukuhoxiswa. U-Ann Wright owayengu-diplomat owayekade esiza ukuvula kabusha i-ambassy e-Afghanistan e-2001. Umeluleki wezokuPhepha kaZwelonke wacabanga ukuthi amanye amabutho "azogwinya." Iningi labantu baseMelika liphikisana nempi, futhi ukuphikisana kwakunamandla ngisho nakakhulu phakathi kwabantu base-Afghan, ikakhulukazi eKandahar, lapho inhlolovo ebanjwe yi-US Army ithola ukuthi i-94 Amaphesenti aseKandaharis ayefuna ukuxoxisana, hhayi ukushaya, kanti amaphesenti angu-85 athi babheka amaTaliban ngokuthi "abafowethu base Afghan".

Usihlalo weKomiti Yezobudlelwane Zangaphandle ZaseSénate, futhi u-John Kerry uthe ukuhlaselwa kukaMarja, okwakungumzamo wokuzama ukuhlasela eKandahar, kwahluleka kakhulu. U-Kerry uphinde wathi ukubulawa kwabakwaTaliban eKandahar kwase kuqalile lapho i-United States yamemezela ukuhlasela okuzayo. Wabe esebuza, ingabe ukuhlaselwa kungayeka ukubulala? UKerry nabalingani bakhe, ngaphambi nje kokulahla enye imali eyi-$ 33.5 billion ku-Afghanistan ekukhuphukeni kwe-2010, bakhombise ukuthi ubuphekula buye banda emhlabeni wonke ngesikhathi "Impi Yonke Yezwe Ngesibindi." Ukukhula kwe-2009 e-Afghanistan kwakulandelwe ukwanda kwephesenti lika-87 ubudlova, ngokwePentagon.

Impi yayisungulwe, noma kunalokho ivuselelwe kusukela eVietnam izinsuku, isu lama-Iraq iminyaka emine empini leyo eyayisetshenziselwa nase-Afghanistan, isu senhliziyo ebizwa ngokuthi Counter-Burgency. Ephepha, lokhu kwakudinga ukutshala izimali ze-80 emikhankasweni yomphakathi "ekuthandeni izinhliziyo nezingqondo" kanye namaphesenti angu-20 emisebenzini yempi. Kodwa kulawo mazwe womabili, leli qhinga lalisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhuluma, hhayi iqiniso. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangempela emisebenzini engeyona yezempi e-Afghanistan akuzange kwenzeke amaphesenti angu-5, futhi umuntu ophethe, uRichard Holbrooke, uchaze ukuthi umsebenzi wezombusazwe "uyisekela ezempi."

Esikhundleni sokuthi "ukusabalalisa inkululeko" ngamabhomu nezibhamu, bekungeke kwenzeke yini ngokusabalalisa ulwazi? Uma ukufunda kuholela ekuthuthukiseni intando yeningi, kungani ungafaki imfundo? Kungani ungahlinzeki ngemali yezempilo kanye nezikole zezingane, esikhundleni sokuqeda isikhumba kubantwana abane-phosphorus emhlophe? I-Nobel Peace Laureate, uShirin Ebadi, uhlongoze, ngemuva kukaSeptemba 11, 2001, ubuphekula, ukuthi esikhundleni sokuqhuma amabhomu e-Afghanistan, i-United States ingakwazi ukwakha izikole e-Afghanistan, ngalinye elibizwa ngokuthi lihloniphe umuntu obulawe eWorld Trade Center, ngaleyo ndlela yakha ukwazisa ngosizo oluvulekile nokuqonda umonakalo owenziwe ngodlame. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabangani ngale ndlela, kunzima ukuphikisana ukuthi bekungeke kube nokuphana futhi mhlawumbe kuvumelane nesimiso sokuthanda izitha zomuntu.

Isigaba: NGOKUKHETHA NGOKUSIZA NGOKUNYE

Ubuzenzisi bokusebenza ngokukhululekile mhlawumbe kubonakala kakhulu lapho kwenziwa egameni lokuqeda imisebenzi yangaphambilini. Ngesikhathi iJapan lishaya amaKoloniya aseYurophu ezizweni zase-Asia kuphela ukuba zizitholele yona, noma lapho i-United States ikhulula iCuba noma iPhilippines ukuze ilawule lawo mazwe ngokwawo, umehluko phakathi kwezwi nesenzo okwenziwe ngawe. Kuzo zombili lezi zibonelo, iJapane ne-United States zanikezela impucuko, isiko, ubuchwepheshe, ubuholi, nokuqondisa, kodwa bazinikela emgqonyeni wesibhamu ukuthi ngabe ubani obafuna noma cha. Futhi uma umuntu enza, kahle, indaba yabo yaqala ukudlala ekhaya. Ngesikhathi amaMelika ezwa izindaba zobuhlanga zaseJalimane eBelgium naseFrance ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, amaJalimane ayefunda ama-akhawunti atholakala ukuthi amaFrench awakuthande kangakanani abahlali bawo baseJalimane abanomusa. Futhi awukwazi yini ukuthembela eNew York Times ukuthola i-Iraq noma i-Afghan ekhathazekile ukuthi abaseMelika bangase bashiye maduzane?

Noma yikuphi umsebenzi kumele usebenze namanye amaqembu amancane wabantu, futhi ngokuqinisekile bazosekela umsebenzi. Kodwa lowo ohlala naye akufanele aphathe iphutha lokusekela okunjalo ngemibono eminingi, njengoba i-United States iye yayisijwayele ukwenza kusukela okungenani i-1899. Futhi kufanele "ubuso bomdabu" emisebenzini yangaphandle kulindeleke ukuba bakhohlise abantu:

"AbaseBrithani, njengabaseMelika,. . . bekholelwa ukuthi amasosha omdabu angeke athandeke kunabanye amazwe. Leso siphakamiso siyi. . . okubuhlungu: uma amabutho omdabu abonakala njengamapayipi angaphandle, angase aphikisana nakakhulu kunezinye izizwe. "

Amasosha aboMdabu nawo angahle angathembeki kangako enjongweni yabahlali futhi angaqeqeshwa kangako ezindleleni zombutho wamasosha. Lokhu kungekudala kuholela ekusoliseni abantu abafanayo abafanelekile esihlasele izwe labo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwethu ukulishiya. Manje "banodlame, abakwazi ukusebenza, futhi abathembekile," njengoba iMcKinley White House iveze abasePhilippines, futhi njengoba iBush kanye ne-Obama White Houses ziveza ama-Iraq nama-Afghani.

Esizweni esithintekayo sinezigaba zayo zangaphakathi, amaqembu amancane angase asabe ukhathazeka ezandleni zabaningi kufanele umsebenzi wokuphela kwamanye amazwe uphele. Leyo nkinga yimbangela yezikhathi ezizayo zokulalela iseluleko sePowells esizayo futhi hhayi ukuhlasela endaweni yokuqala. Kungesizathu sokungabikho ukuhlukana kwangaphakathi, njengabantu abahlala njalo bevame ukwenza, bathanda kakhulu ukuthi abantu babulalane ngaphandle kokuthi bahlangane namanye amazwe. Futhi kuyisizathu sokukhuthaza ukukhulumisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nomthelela omuhle esizweni ngenkathi uhoxisa futhi ukhokha ukukhokhelwa.

Kodwa-ke, udlame olwesabekayo lwe-post-occupation alukho, ngokuvamile, impikiswano ekholisayo yokwandisa umsebenzi. Okokuqala, ingxabano yokuhlala unomphela. Ngolunye uhlangothi, ubuningi bobudlova oboniswa emuva esizweni sobukhosi njengempi yombango namanje kuvame ukulwa nodlame olubhekiswe kubanikazi nabahlanganyeli babo. Lapho umsebenzi uphela, kanjalo nobudlova obuningi. Lokhu kuboniswe e-Iraq njengoba amabutho aye anciphisa ukutholakala kwawo; udlame luye lwahla ngokufanele. Iningi lobudlova baseBasra laphela lapho amabutho aseBrithani ekhona ayeka ukuzulazula ukulawula udlame. Uhlelo lokuxoshwa e-Iraq ukuthi uGeorge McGovern noWilliam Polk (owayengumengameli wenkantolo kanye nenzalo kaMongameli wangaphambili Polk, ngokulandelana) eshicilelwe ku-2006 iphakamisa ibhuloho lesikhashana ukuze liqede ukuzimela, iseluleko esingakhishwa:

"Uhulumeni wase-Iraq uzoba ohlakaniphile ukucela izinsizakalo zesikhashana zamazwe ngamazwe emaphoyiseni ezweni ngesikhathi futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi sokumiswa kweMelika. Amandla anjalo kufanele abe ngumsebenzi wesikhashana kuphela, ngosuku oluqinile olusungulwe kusengaphambili lokuhoxiswa. Ukulinganisa kwethu ukuthi i-Iraq izoyidinga cishe iminyaka emibili ngemuva kokuba ukuhoxiswa kweMelika kuqediwe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi amandla angancipha kodwa kancane kancane anciphise, kokubili abasebenzi kanye nokuthunyelwa. Imisebenzi yayo yayiyobe yenzeke ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha komphakathi. . . . Ngeke kube nesidingo samathangi noma izikhali noma izindiza ezihlaselayo. . . . Ngeke uzame. . . ukulwa nalabo abahlubukayo. Ngempela, emva kokuxoshwa kwamabutho ajwayelekile aseMelika naseBrithani kanye namasosha angaphandle ase-25,000, ukuvukela umbuso, okuhloselwe ukufeza leyo njongo, bekuzolahlekelwa ukusekelwa komphakathi. . . . Kwabe sekuthi abakwa-gunmen babeke phansi izikhali zabo noma bahlonishwe obala njengabaqashi. Lo mphumela ube yinto yokuhlukunyezwa e-Algeria, eKenya, e-Ireland (eire) nakwezinye izindawo. "

Isigaba: COPS OF WORLD BENEVOLENCE SOCIETY

Akukhona nje ukuqhubeka kwezimpi ezifanelekile njengokupha. Ukuqala ukulwa nemibimbi emibi ekuvikeleni ubulungiswa, yize kuyilapho kuphefumulela okungaphansi kwezingelosi ezingabasekeli bezempi, ngokuvamile kuboniswa njengento engenakuzithoba nokungenasiphelo. "Ugcina umhlaba uphephile ngenxa yentando yeningi. Bhalisa futhi Msize, "funda i-poster yase-US World War I, egcwalisa umyalo kaMongameli Wilson ukuthi iKomidi Lolwazi Loluntu linikeza" ubulungiswa obuphelele bemibono yaseMelika "kanye" nokuzidela ngokuphelele eMelika. "Lapho uMengameli uFranklin Roosevelt etshela iCongress ukudala ukulungiswa kwezempi nokuvumela "ukuboleka" kwezikhali eBrithani ngaphambi kokuba i-United States ingene eMpini Yezwe II, waqhathanisa uhlelo lwakhe lokubolekisa ukuqothula i-hose kumakhelwane onobulilo.

Khona-ke, ehlobo lika-1941, uRoosevelt wayezenza sengathi udoba futhi empeleni wahlangana noNdunankulu uChurchill ogwini lwaseNewfoundland. I-FDR ibuyele eWashington, DC, ichaza umkhosi ohamba phambili ngesikhathi yena noChurchill behlabelele "Amaphoyisa AmaKristu Aqhubekayo." I-FDR noChurchill bakhipha isitatimende esihlangene esenziwe ngaphandle kwabantu noma izishayamthetho ezweni lonke elibeka izimiso ezenziwa ngazo zombili izizwe zabaholi zizolilwa empini futhi zizame umhlaba emva kwalokho, naphezu kokuthi i-United States yayisempi. Lesi sitatimende, esabizwa ngokuthi i-Atlantic Charter, sacaca ukuthi iBrithani ne-United States bafuna ukuthula, inkululeko, ubulungiswa, nokuvumelana futhi bengenandaba nanoma yini embusweni wokwakha. Lezi zinkulumo ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yezigidi ezingazibandakanya nobudlova obuyingozi.

Kuze kube sekungeneni kweMpi Yezwe II, i-United States yanikela ngokukhululekile imishini yokufa eBrithani. Ukulandela lesi simodeli, kokubili izikhali kanye namasosha athunyelwe eKorea kanye nezenzo ezalandela sekukhulunywe amashumi eminyaka ngokuthi "usizo lwezempi." Ngakho umqondo wokuthi impi eyenza omunye umuntu wenzelwa ulimi olusetshenziselwa ukulibiza. Impi yaseKorea, njenge-"action action" yamaphoyisa e-UN, yachazwa hhayi nje kuphela njengezinsizakalo, kodwa futhi njengoba umphakathi womhlaba uqasha umphathiswa wokumisa ukuthula, njengoba nje abantu baseMelika bebengayenza edolobheni laseNtshonalanga. Kodwa ukuba iphoyisa lomhlaba alinqobe labo abakholelwa ukuthi lihlose kahle kodwa abazange bacabange ukuthi izwe lifanelwe umusa. Futhi akazange anqobe labo abakubona njengesizathu sokuthi nje sekusasa ukulwa nempi. Isizukulwane ngemva kwempi yaseKorea, uPhil Ochs wayehlabelela:

Woza, uphume endleleni, bafana

Ngokushesha, phuma endleleni

Ungcono ukubuka lokho okushoyo, bafana

Kuhle ukubuka lokho okushoyo

Siye saqhakaziza esitokisini sakho futhi sibophekile kudoti lakho

Futhi izibhamu zethu zilambile futhi izinyembezi zethu zifushane

Ngakho ulethe amadodakazi akho azungeze echwebeni

'Yingakho singamaCops of the World, abafana

SingamaCops of the World

Ngama-1961, amaphoyisa e-Vietnam ayeseVietnam, kodwa abameleli bakaMengameli uKennedy babecabanga ukuthi kukhona amaphoyisa amaningi okudingekayo futhi azi ukuthi umphakathi kanye nomengameli bebengamelana nokuthumela. Okokuqala, awukwazanga ukugcina isithombe sakho njengezithunywa zomhlaba uma uthumele emandleni amakhulu ukuze uphakamise umbuso ongathandeki. Okufanele ngikwenze? Okufanele ngikwenze? URalph Stavins, u-coauthor we-akhawunti enkulu ye-Vietnam War planning, ulandisa ukuthi uGeneral Maxwell Taylor noWalt W. Rostow,

". . . wazibuza ukuthi i-United States ingahamba kanjani empini ngenkathi ibonakala ukugcina ukuthula. Ngesikhathi bezindla ngalombuzo, iVietnam yahlaselwa yikhukhula ngokuzumayo. Kwakungathi uNkulunkulu wenza isimangaliso. Amasosha aseMelika, asebenza ngezinhloso zokusiza abantu, angathunyelwa ukulondoloza iVietnam hhayi iView Cong, kodwa kusukela ezikhukhuleni. "

Ngesizathu esifanayo sokuthi uSmedley Butler uphakamise ukuvimbela imikhumbi yezempi yase-US engaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-200 e-United States, omunye angase asikisele ukuvimbela impi yase-US ukulwa nezimpi. Amaphoyisa athunyelwe ukusiza inhlekelele anendlela yokudala izinhlekelele ezintsha. Usizo lwase-US luvame ukusola, ngisho noma izakhamuzi zase-US zihloselwe kahle, ngoba ziza ngendlela yokulwa nokulwa nokuhlomisa ukuhlinzeka usizo. Noma nini lapho kuneziphepho eHaiti, akekho ongakwazi ukutshela ukuthi i-United States inikeze abasebenzi basezidingo noma ibeka umthetho wezempi. Ezinhlekeleleni eziningi emhlabeni wonke ama-cops of the world awafiki neze, ephakamisa ukuthi lapho bafika khona injongo kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi yihlanzekile ngokuphelele.

Ku-1995 ama-cops of the world akhubekile eYugoslavia ngenxa yobuhle bezinhliziyo zabo. UMengameli Clinton wachaza:

"Indima yaseMelika ngeke ibe ngokulwa nempi. Kuyoba ngokusiza abantu baseBosnia ukuba bavikele isivumelwano sabo sokuthula. . . . Ekufezeni le nhloso, sizobe nethuba lokusiza ukuyeka ukubulawa kwabantu abamsulwa, ikakhulukazi izingane. . . . "

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, kunzima ukubona ukuthi abaseBosnia bazinzile kanjani ukuthula kwabo. I-US namanye amabutho angaphandle akakaze ashiye, futhi indawo ilawulwa yiHhovisi elimele lase-European of Representative High.

Isigaba: UKUHLELA AMALUNGELO ABAKHAYA

Abesifazane bathola amalungelo e-Afghanistan kuma-1970s, ngaphambi kokuba i-United States ifune iSoviet Union ukuba ihlasele futhi ihlomise ukuthanda kuka-Osama bin Laden ukulwa. Kube khona izindaba ezincane kubesifazane kusukela. I-Revolutionary Association ye-Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) yasungulwa ku-1977 njengenhlangano ezimele yezombangazwe / zenhlalakahle yabesifazane base-Afghan ekusekeleni amalungelo abantu kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle. Ku-2010, i-RAWA ikhiphe isitatimende esichaza ngokumangalela kweMelika ngokuhlala e-Afghanistan ngenxa yabesifazane bayo:

"[I-United States nezinhlangano zayo] zanikeza amandla amaphekula amabi kakhulu eNyakatho Alliance kanye namapopu aseRussia ayengaphambili - i-Khalqis neParitz - futhi ngokuthembela kubo, i-US imise uhulumeni wamapropathi kubantu base-Afghan. Futhi esikhundleni sokuqothula indalo yayo yaseTaliban ne-Al-Qaeda, i-United States ne-NATO baqhubeka bebulala abantu bethu abangenacala nabampofu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nabantwana, emidlalweni yabo enonya. "

Ngokombono wabaholi abaningi besifazane e-Afghanistan, ukuhlasela nokusebenza akuzange kubangele amalungelo abesifazane, futhi baye bafeza lowo mphumela ngezindleko zokuqhuma amabhomu, ukudubula nokuhlukumeza izinkulungwane zabesifazane. Akuwona umphumela wesigungu ongenalutho futhi ongalindelekile. Yilokho okushiwo impi, futhi kwakubikezelwe ngokuphelele. Amandla amancane aseTaliban aphumelela e-Afghanistan ngoba abantu bayayisekela. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-United States ingayisekeli ngokuqondile ngqo.

Ngesikhathi salokhu kubhala, izinyanga eziningi futhi cishe iminyaka, okungenani yesibili ngobukhulu futhi mhlawumbe umthombo omkhulu wemali yeTaliban kwaba ngabakhokhi bentela base-US. Sivimbela abantu ukuthi sinikeze isisindo sabasotsha, kanti uhulumeni wethu ukhonza njengomxhasi wezimali omkhulu. I-WARLORD, INC .: Ukuphanga noKwahlukana Phakathi kwe-US Supply Chain e-Afghanistan, umbiko we-2010 ovela kwi-Majority Staff yeKomidi elincane lezokuPhepha koMnyango wezokuPhepha koMphakathi naseNdlu yamaZwe ase-US. Lo mbiko ubhalela ama-Taliban amafa ukuze kube nokuphepha okuphephile kwezimpahla zase-US, okungafani kakhulu kunenzuzo yeTaliban ku-opium, omunye umenzi omkhulu wemali. Sekuyisikhathi eside sekuyaziwa yizikhulu eziphezulu zase-United States, futhi azi ukuthi ama-Afghani, kuhlanganise nalabo abalwa nabaseTaliban, bavame ukungena ngemvume ukuze bathole ukuqeqeshwa futhi bakhokhele emotweni yase-US bese behamba, futhi kwezinye izikhathi babhalise ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Lokhu akumelwe kungaziwa kumaMelika asekela impi. Ngeke ukwazi ukusekela impi lapho uxhasa khona izinhlangothi zombili, kufaka hlangana nalokho okumele uvikele abesifazane base-Afghanistan.

Isigaba: INGABE ISIKHATHI SOKUPHILA KWESIKHATHI?

USenator Barack Obama umkhankaso wehhovisi likaMongameli ku-2007 no-2008 esiteshini esabiza ukuthi kukhuliswe impi e-Afghanistan. Wenza lokho nje nje ngemva kokuthatha ihhovisi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ahlele noma iyiphi inqubo yokwenza e-Afghanistan. Ukuthumela nje amabutho amaningi kwakuphela kuphela. Kodwa owakhethwayo u-Obama wagxila ekuphikeleni enye impi - iMpi e-Iraq - futhi ethembise ukuyiqeda. Unqobe iDemocratic primaire ikakhulu ngoba wayenenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuthi akabe eseCongress ngesikhathi sokuvota ukugunyazwa kokuqala kwempi yase-Iraq. Ukuthi uvota ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze akhokhe imali engakaze ichazwe emithonjeni, njengoba izintatheli zilindeleke ukuthi zixhase izimpi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyavuma noma cha.

U-Obama akazange athembise ukuhoxiswa okusheshayo kwamabutho ase-Iraq. Eqinisweni, kwakukhona isikhathi lapho engakaze avumele umkhankaso ukuba ayeke ngaphandle kokumemezela ukuthi "Kumele sibe nokuqapha njengoba singenandaba nokungena." Kumele ukuba abeke umlomo kule nkulumo ngisho nalapho elele. Ngesikhathi sokhetho olufanayo iqembu labaDemokhrasi beCongress lanyathelisa lokho ababekubiza ngokuthi "Uhlelo olufanelekile lokuqeda iMpi e-Iraq." Isidingo sokuthi sinomthwalo wemfanelo futhi siqaphele sagxile ekucabangeni ukuthi ukuphelisa impi masinyane bekungeke kube nokuziphendulela nokungenandaba. Lo mbono wawunakekele ukugcina izimpi ze-Afghanistan ne-Iraq zihamba iminyaka kakade futhi zizosiza ukuba ziqhubeke iminyaka eminingi.

Kodwa izimpi kanye nemisebenzi ephelayo kuyadingeka futhi kulungile, hhayi kokungacabangeli nokuhlukumezeka. Futhi akudingeki ukuba kube "ukushiywa" kwezwe. Izikhulu zethu ezikhethiwe zithola kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa kunezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwempi ephathelene nabantu nohulumeni. Uma ubugebengu obuncane buqhubeka, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyiyeka, emva kwalokho sibheka izindlela zokulungisa izinto ngokufanele, kubandakanya ukuvimbela ubugebengu besikhathi esizayo kanye nokulungisa umonakalo. Uma ubugebengu obukhulu kunazo zonke esiyaziyo buyaqhubeka, akudingeki ukuba sihambe kancane ngokuyiqeda ngangokunokwenzeka. Kudingeka sikuqede ngokushesha. Lokho kuyinto enhle kunazo zonke esingayenza kubantu bezwe esilwa nabo. Sinezikweletu kubo lokho okuthandwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye. Siyazi ukuthi isizwe sabo singase sibe nezinkinga lapho amasosha ethu ehamba, futhi ukuthi sizosola ezinye zezinkinga. Kodwa siyazi nokuthi ngeke babe nethemba lokuphila okuhle uma nje umsebenzi uqhubeka. Isikhundla se-RAWA ekusebenzeni kwe-Afghanistan yukuthi isikhathi sokubamba umsebenzi sizobe sibi kakhulu uma umsebenzi uqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ngakho, okuqala kuqala ukuphela kwempi.

Impi ibulala abantu, futhi akukho okubi nakakhulu. Njengoba sizobona esahlukweni esi-8, impi ibulala izakhamuzi, yize ukubaluleka kokuhlukana kwezempi-komphakathi kubonakala kunciphile. Uma ngabe esinye isizwe sasihlala e-United States, ngokuqinisekile asiyikuvuma ukubulala labo baseMelika ababe balwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela balahlekelwa isimo sabo njengezakhamuzi. Impi ibulala izingane, ngaphezu kwakho konke, futhi ihlukumeza kakhulu izingane eziningi ezingayibulali noma ezilimazayo. Lokhu akuyona nezezindaba, kodwa kufanele kube njalo ukulungiswa kwezicelo ezivamile ukuthi izimpi ziye zahlanzwa futhi amabhomu "ahlakaniphile" okwanele ukubulala kuphela abantu abadinga ngempela ukubulawa.

E-1890 isosha lase-US utshele izingane zakhe ngempi ayeyoyingxenye ye-1838, impi ngokumelene namaNdiya aseCrorokee:

Kwesinye ikhaya kwakukhona umama obuthakathaka, cishe umfelokazi nezingane ezintathu ezincane, enye nje ingane. Lapho etshelwe ukuthi kufanele ahambe, uMama waqoqa izingane ezinyaweni zakhe, wathandaza ngomthandazo othobekile ngolimi lwakhe lwabantu, wambamba inja endala yomndeni ekhanda, watshela isidalwa esithembekile ukuthi siyazi ukuthi, isisu sithende emuva futhi siholele ingane isandla ngasinye saqala ekuthunjweni. Kodwa lo msebenzi wawukhulu kakhulu kuMama ongenalutho. Ukushaya kwesifo senhliziyo kwanciphisa ukuhlupheka kwakhe. Washaya futhi wafa nomntwana wakhe ngemuva kwakhe, kanti nezinye izingane zakhe ezimbili zibophezela ezandleni zakhe.

"U-Chief Junaluska owayesindise impilo kaMongameli [Andrew] Jackson empini ye-Horse Shoe wabona lesi sigameko, izinyembezi ziphuma emathunjini akhe futhi ziphakamisa ikhanda lakhe liphendukele ubuso bakhe ngasezulwini zathi, 'O Nkulunkulu wami, eyaziwa empini ye-Shoe Shoe engikwaziyo manje, umlando waseMelika wawuyobhalwa ngokuhlukile. "

Kuvidiyo ekhishwe ku-2010 nguRethink Afghanistan, i-Zaitullah Ghiasi Wardak ichaza ukuhlasela ebusuku ebusuku e-Afghanistan. Nansi inguqulo yesiNgisi:

"Ngiyindodana ka-Abdul Ghani Khan. Ngivela esifundazweni saseWardak, esifundeni saseChak, eKhan Khail Village. Cishe cishe i-3: I-00 ngabamaMelika bavimbe ikhaya lethu, bakhuphuka phezulu ophahleni ngamakiladi. . . . Bathatha laba abathathu ngaphandle, babopha izandla zabo, bafaka izikhwama ezimnyama phezu kwamakhanda abo. Bawaphatha kabi futhi bawashaya, wabatshela ukuba bahlale lapho futhi bangahambi.

"Ngalesi sikhathi, iqembu elilodwa lafika ekamelweni lezihambi. Umshana wami wathi: 'Lapho ngizwa umuntu engqongqozile ngancenga abaseMelika ukuthi: "Umkhulu wami usukhulile futhi unzima ukuzwa. Ngizohamba nawe futhi ngimkhiphe yena. "'Watshelwe futhi watshelwe ukuthi angashukuthi. Bese bephula umnyango wegumbi lezihambi. Ubaba wayelele kodwa wadutshulwa izikhathi ezingu-25 embhedeni wakhe. . . . Manje angiyazi, ubugebengu bukababa buyini? Futhi kwakuyini ingozi evela kuye? Wayeneminyaka engu-92 ubudala. "

Impi yayiyoba ububi obukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni ngisho noma ingabi nemali, isetshenzisiwe ngaphandle kwemithombo, ingashiyi umonakalo ongokwemvelo, wandisa ngaphezu kokunciphisa amalungelo abakhamuzi ekhaya, futhi noma ngabe yenze okuthile okuzuzisa. Yiqiniso, akekho kulezi zimo ezingenzeka.

Inkinga yezimpi akusiyo ukuthi amasosha awasho ngesibindi noma enenhloso enhle, noma ukuthi abazali babo abazange baphakamise kahle. U-Ambrose Bierce, owasinda empini ye-US Civil War ukubhala ngalokhu emashumini eminyaka kamuva ngobuqotho obuhlukumezayo nokungabi nokuthandana okwakungentsha ezindabeni zempi, kuchazwa ngokuthi "Ovulekile" kuDeveli's Dictionary kanje:

"Ekuqaleni leli gama lisho ukuhlonishwa ngokuzalwa futhi lasetshenziswe ngokufanele kubantu abaningi kakhulu. Manje kusho ukuhlonipha ngemvelo futhi kuthatha kancane ukuphumula. "

Ukuziqhenya kuyinto ehlekisayo, kodwa akuyona inembile. Ukuphana kungokoqobo, okuyiqiniso ukuthi kungani ama-propagandists empi ewuthanda ngamanga ngenxa yezimpi zabo. Abaningi baseMelika abancane basayina ukuthi bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini "Empi Yezwe Yokwesabisa" bakholelwa ukuthi bayokuvikela isizwe sabo esiphethweni esibucayi. Lokho kudinga ukuzimisela, isibindi, nokupha. Laba bantu abasha abakhohlisiwe, kanye nalabo abancane abafudukayo abanobe babhalisa izimpi zakamuva, abazange bathunyelwe njengamakhokhoni endabuko ukulwa nebutho emkhakheni. Bathunyelwa emazweni ahlala kuwo lapho izitha zawo ezazibhekwa zibukeka njengabantu bonke. Bathunyelwa ezweni laseSNAFU, lapho abaningi bengabuyeli khona.

I-SNAFU yiqiniso, isibalo sezempi sokuthi isimo sempi: Isimo Esivamile: Bonke Bathuthukile.