Ukusuka Empi Kuya Ekuthuleni: Umhlahlandlela Weminyaka Eyinkulungwane Ezayo

Ngu-Kent Shifferd

Amanothi alungiselelwe nguRuss Faure-Brac

            Kule ncwadi, uShifferd wenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlaziya impi futhi axoxe ngomlando wokunyakaza nokungahambisani nodlame. Esahlukweni 9, Ukuqeda Impi nokwakha uhlelo lokuthula oluphelele, ubeka ukuthi singasuka kanjani lapho sikhona namhlanje siye ezweni elinokuthula. Unemibono eminingi efana naleyo esencwadini yami, Ukuguquka Kuya Ekuthuleni, kodwa ungena emininingwaneni enkulu emibono yami.

Okulandelayo isifinyeto samaphuzu akhe aphambili.

A. Ukuphawula okuvamile

• Inselelo yencwadi yakhe yukuthi sinethuba elihle lokungavumeli impi eminyakeni eyikhulu elandelayo.

 

• Ukuqeda impi kuzodingeka sibe ne "Amasiko Wokuthula" asekelwe ezikhungweni zethu, amanani nezinkolelo zethu.

 

• Ukunyakaza okubanzi okubhekiswe ekuthuleni kuzokwenza abantu bayeke imikhuba endala, kodwa bekungabonakali.

 

• Ukuthula kufanele kugqokwe, kungasasebenzi, kuqiniswe, kuqine futhi kusebenze. Izingxenye zayo ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibuye zibuye zibuye zibuyele emuva ngakho-ke uhlelo luyaqiniswa futhi ukwehluleka kwengxenye eyodwa akuholeli ekuhlulekeni kohlelo. Ukwakha uhlelo lokuthula kuzokwenzeka emazingeni amaningi futhi kaningi ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa ngezindlela ezigqagqene.

 

• Izinhlelo zempi nezokuthula zihlangana ngokuqhubeka okuvela eStable War (impi yinto ejwayelekile) kuya eMpini Engazinzile (imikhuba yempi ihlala ngokuthula) kuya ku-Peace Unstable (izindinganiso zokuthula zihlangana nempi) kanye no-Peace Stable (ukuthula kuyinto evamile) . Namuhla sisesigabeni seStable War futhi sidinga ukuthuthela esigabeni sokuthula - uhlelo lokuthula lomhlaba wonke.

 

• Sinezingxenye eziningi zezinhlelo zokuthula; sidinga nje ukubeka izingxenye ndawonye.

 

• Ukuthula kungenzeka ngokushesha ngoba lapho izinhlelo zishintsha isigaba, zishintsha ngokushesha, njengokuthi amanzi ashintsha kanjani lapho iqhwa lokushisa liphuma ku-33 kuya ku-32.

 

• Okulandelayo yizici eziyinhloko ekuthutheleleni emphakathini wokuthula.

 

 

B. Isikhungo / Ukubusa / Isakhiwo Sezomthetho

 

1. I-Outlaw War

Shukumisela iNkantolo Yezobulungiswa Yomhlaba Wonke ukuthi inqabe zonke izinhlobo zempi, kubandakanya impi yombango. Omasipala, izifundazwe, amaqembu ezenkolo namaqembu ezakhamizi kuzodingeka ukuthi adlulise izinqumo ezeseka ushintsho olunje lokuletha ingcindezi enkantolo nakuMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wenhlangano Yezizwe. Ngemuva kwalokho i-General Assembly kufanele iphasise isimemezelo esifanayo futhi iguqule i-Charter yayo, ukuze ekugcineni ivunyelwe amazwe angamalungu. Abanye bangaphikisana nokuthi akusizi ukushaya umthetho ongeke uphoqelelwe ngokushesha, kepha inqubo kufanele iqale kwenye indawo.

 

1. I-Outlaw International Trade in Arms

Ukwenza isivumelwano esikusho ukuthi ukuhweba kwezikhali kuyisenzo sobugebengu, sibophezelwa yi-International Criminal Court futhi sihlolwe yizinhlangano zomphakathi ezikhona emhlabeni jikelele.

 

3. Qinisa iZizwe Ezihlangene

• Dala i-Standing International Police Force

INhlangano Yezizwe kufanele ichibiyele uMqulu wayo ukuze iguqule izinhlaka zayo zokugcina ukuthula ze-UN zibe ngamaphoyisa asebenza unomphela. Kuzoba khona "i-Emergency Peace Force" yamasosha ayi-10,00 kuya kwayi-15,000 aqeqeshwe ekuphenduleni isimo esibucayi, athunyelwa emahoreni angama-48 ukucisha "imililo" ngaphambi kokuthi iphume emandleni. Umbutho ojwayelekile wokugcina ukuthula we-UN Blue Helmet ungasetshenziswa, uma kunesidingo, isikhathi eside.

 

• Ukwandisa Ubulungu eMkhandlwini wezokuPhepha

Faka amalungu unomphela avela eningizimu yomhlaba kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha (amalungu akhona yi-US, France, England, China neRussia). Futhi engeza iJapan neJalimane, amandla amakhulu manje asethole ku-WWII. Qeda amandla e-veto yelungu elilodwa ngokusebenza ngamandla angaphezu kwama-75-80% wamalungu avotayo.

 

• Engeza umzimba wesithathu

Engeza iPhalamende Lomhlaba, okhethwe izakhamuzi zezizwe ezihlukahlukene, ezenza njengebhodi lezeluleko ku-General Assembly noMkhandlu wezokuPhepha.

 

• Dala i-Agent Management Agent

I-CMA izobe ikhona kwi-Secretariat ye-UN ukuqapha umhlaba nokubika ngezindlela ezijwayelekile eziholela ekuxabaneni esikhathini esizayo (Ingabe i-CIA yenza lokhu manje?).

 

• Yamukela Amandla Okukhokhisa

I-UN kufanele ibe namandla okukhokhisa imali yokwenza imisebenzi yayo emisha. Intela emincane yokuthengiselana okumbalwa kwamazwe omhlaba njengocingo, ukuposa, ukuhamba ngendiza kwamazwe omhlaba noma i-imeyili kuzothuthukisa isabelomali se-UN futhi kukhulule amazwe ambalwa acebile ekubeni ngabaxhasi bawo abakhulu.

 

1.  Engeza Ukubikezelwa Kwezingxabano Nezinhlaka Zokubambisana

Engeza izinkomba zokubikezela izingxabano kanye nezinhlaka zokubambisana nezinye izakhiwo zokubusa zesifunda, njengase-European Union, i-Organisation of States States, i-African Union kanye nezinkantolo ezihlukahlukene zesifunda.

 

1. Izimpawu Zomhlaba Wonke

Onke amandla amakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-US, kufanele asayine izivumelwano ezikhona zomhlaba wonke ezilawula udweshu. Dala izivumelwano ezintsha zokuvimbela izikhali emkhathini, ukuqeda izikhali zenuzi bese umisa unomphela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezi-fissile.

 

1. Yamukela "Ukuvikela Okungekho Okukhuthaza"

Dala ukuma okungasongeli ekuvikeleni kwethu izwe. Lokho kusho ukuhoxa ezisekelweni zamasosha nasemachwebeni emhlabeni jikelele bese ugcizelela izikhali zokuzivikela (okusho ukuthi, akukho micibisholo ebanga elide namabhomu, akukho ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi ende) Hlanganisa izingxoxo zomhlaba wonke mayelana nokuncishiswa kwamasosha. Funa okokumisa okweminyaka eyishumi ngezikhali ezintsha bese kuthi kancane kancane, ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhali kube yisivumelwano, ukuqeda amakilasi nezinombolo zezikhali. Sika ukudluliselwa kwezingalo kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke kuzodinga isinyathelo esikhulu esiyingxenye yomphakathi womhlaba wonke ukugqugquzela uhulumeni ukuba enze izinyathelo eziningi, ngoba ngamunye ngeke abe nokuzama ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala noma ngisho nokuhamba nhlobo.

 

1. Qalisa Isevisi Yesevisi

Qala imfuneko yesevisi yendawo yonke ezohlinzeka ukuqeqesha abantu abadala abakwazi ukuzivikela, amasu okumboza, amaciksi, kanye nomlando wokuzivikela ongaphelele.

 

1. Dala uMnyango Wokuthula weKhabinethi

UMnyango Wokuthula uzosiza umongameli ngokugxila kwezinye izindlela zokuhlukunyezwa kwezempi ezinkingeni ezingase zibe nezingxabano, ukuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula njengamacala okulwa nobugebengu kunokuba kube yimpi yempi.

 

1. Qala International "Arm-armament"

Ukugwema ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi, amazwe azotshala imali ekuqeqesheni labo abasebenza embonini yezikhali, abazimisele ngezimboni ezintsha njengamandla asimeme. Bazophinde batshale izimali zokuqala kulezo zimboni, kancane kancane banciphise umnotho kude nokuncika kwizivumelwano zempi. IBonn International Center for Conversion ingenye yezinhlangano eziningi ezisebenza odabeni lokuguqulwa kwemboni yezokuvikela.

[I-Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) yinhlangano ezimele, engenzi inzuzo ezinikezele ekuthuthukiseni ukuthula nentuthuko ngokusebenzisa inguquko ephumelelayo nenempumelelo yezinhlaka ezihlobene nezempi, izimpahla, imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo. I-BICC ihlela ucwaningo lwazo ezihlokweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: izingalo, ukwakha ukuthula nokuxabana. Izisebenzi zayo zomhlaba wonke nazo zihilelekile emsebenzini wokubonisana, ukuhlinzeka ngohulumeni, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kwamanye amazwe nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele ngezincomo zenqubomgomo, imisebenzi yokuqeqesha kanye nomsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi.

 

10. Hlanganisa Amadolobha Namazwe

Amadolobha nezifundazwe zizomemezela izindawo zamahhala, njengezindawo eziningi ezikhona ezingenazo izikhali zenuzi, izindawo ezingenazikhali nezindawo zokuthula. Bazosungula neminyango yabo yokuthula; beka izingqungquthela, beletha izakhamizi kanye nochwepheshe ndawonye ukuze baqonde udlame futhi bahlele amasu ngaphambi kokubunciphisa ezindaweni zabo; sandise izinhlelo zedolobha; futhi unikeze abaqeqeshi bezikole zomphakathi ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana nokulungisa izingxabano.

 

I-11. Nweba Imfundo Yokuthula YaseNyuvesi

Nweba ukunyakaza kwezemfundo ukuthula kakade esikoleni naseyunivesithi.

 

12. Vimbela Ukuqashwa Kwezempi

Vimbela ukuqoqa amasosha nokukhipha izinhlelo ze-ROTC ezikoleni nasemayunivesithi.

 

C. Indima yezinhlangano ezizimele

Izinkulungwane zezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zamazwe omhlaba (NGO's) zisebenzela ukuthula, ubulungiswa kanye nentuthuko, nokwakha umphakathi womphakathi womhlaba okokuqala ngqa emlandweni. Lezi zinhlangano zandisa ukubambisana kwezakhamizi ngokweqa imingcele yakudala futhi engasebenzi kangako yezizwe. Umhlaba osuselwe kwisakhamuzi uqala ukuba khona ngokushesha.

 

D. Ukwenza Ubudlova, Ukuqeqesha, Ukwenza Izakhamizi

Amanye ama-NGO aphumelela kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuthula nasekulawuleni udlame kube “ukuhambisana nezinhlangano,” njenge-Peace Brigades International neNonviolent Peaceforce. Banokuthula okukhulu komhlaba wonke kwezakhamizi eziqeqeshelwe ukungabi nodlame eziya ezindaweni ezinengxabano ukuvimbela ukufa nokuvikela amalungelo abantu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuleke amaqembu amaqembu endawo afune ukuxazululwa ngokuthula kwezingxabano zawo. Babheka ukuqedwa kwemililo futhi bavikele ukuphepha kwabantu abangewona impi.

 

E. Amathangi Wokucabanga

Enye ingxenye yesiko elithuthukayo lokuthula ngamathangi okucabanga agxile ocwaningweni lokuthula nenqubomgomo yokuthula, njengeStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Akukaze kuqondiswe amandla angaka engqondo ekuqondeni izimbangela nezimo zokuthula kubo bonke ubukhulu bayo.

[Note: Isungulwe ku-1966, i-SIPRI iyisikhungo esizimele samazwe aphesheya eSweden, esinabasebenzi abacwaningi be-40 nabasizi bezocwaningo abazinikezele ekucwaningeni ekungqubuzaneni, ukulawulwa kwezingalo nokulwa nezidakamizwa. I-SIPRI igcina ulwazi olubanzi lwezindleko zempi, izimboni ezikhiqiza izikhali, ukuthunyelwa kwezingalo, amakhemikhali kanye nempi yezilwane, izivumelwano zokulawulwa kwamandla ezizwe, amazwe, izinkambiso zokulawula izikhali, izinkambiso zonyaka zokulawula izikhali ezinkulu, ukuhamba kwempi kanye nokuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi.

Ku-2012 SIPRI eNyakatho Melika yavulwa eWashington DC ukuqinisa ucwaningo eNyakatho Melika mayelana nokulwa, izikhali, ukulawulwa kwamandla nokulwa nezidakamizwa.]

 

F. Abaholi Bezenkolo

Abaholi bezenkolo bazoba ngabadlali ababalulekile ekwakheni isiko lokuthula. Izinkolo ezinkulu kufanele zigcizelele izimfundiso zokuthula ngaphakathi kwamasiko azo futhi ziyeke ukuhlonipha nokuhlonipha izimfundiso zakudala ngodlame. Eminye imibhalo kuzofanele inganakwa noma iqondwe njengeyesikhathi esihluke kakhulu nezidingo zokunikezela ezingasasebenzi. Amasonto obuKristu azodinga ukusuka kude nempi engcwele kanye nemfundiso yempi nje. AmaSulumane azodinga ukubeka ukugcizelelwa kwe-jihad emzabalazweni wangaphakathi wokulunga futhi ayeke, wona, imfundiso yokulwela impi.

 

G. Okunye 

• Faka esikhundleni se-GDP ngolunye uhla lwezinqubekela phambili, njenge-Indicator Yeqiniso Yenqubekelaphambili (GPI).
• Ukuguqula i-World Trade Organisation ngakho-ke ngeke kwenzeke okuthiwa izivumelwano zokuhweba zamahhala ezifana ne-Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) ezedlula imithetho kazwelonke evikela imvelo kanye namalungelo abasebenzi.
• Izizwe ezinenhlanhla kufanele zikhiqize ukudla esikhundleni sezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvula imingcele yazo kwababaleki abalambileyo.
• I-US kufanele ifake isandla ekuqedeni ubumpofu obukhulu. Njengoba uhlelo lwempi luqala phansi futhi kuncane ukusetshenziswa kwezempi, imali eningi izotholakala ngentuthuko esimeme ezifundeni ezihluphekayo zomhlaba, idale isidingo esincane sezabelomali zamasosha endaweni enhle yokuphendula.