Impi, Ukuthula nabamakheli bakaMongameli

NgoMedea uBenjamin noNicolas JS Davies, uMashi 27, 2019

Eminyakeni engamashumi amane nanhlanu emva kokuba iCongress idlulise uMthetho weMpi Amandla ngemuva kweMpi YeVietnam, sekugcineni wasisebenzisa okokuqala, ukuzama ukuqeda impi yase-US-Saudi kubantu baseYemen nokubuyisa igunya layo lomthethosisekelo mayelana nemibuzo yempi nokuthula. Lokhu akukayimisi impi okwamanje, futhi uMongameli Trump usabise ngokuvotela umthethosivivinywa. Kepha ukudlula kwayo kuCongress, kanye nempikiswano okuyivezile, kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sendlela ebucayi eya kunqubomgomo yezempi yaseMelika engaphansi kwezempi e-Yemen nangaphaya kwayo.

Ngesikhathi i-United States ibandakanyekile empini kulo lonke umlando wayo, kusukela i-9 / 11 ihlasele isosha lase-US liye lahlanganyela uchungechunge lwezimpi ezidonse cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Abaningi bababiza ngokuthi “izimpi ezingapheli.” Esinye sezifundo eziyisisekelo sonke esizifundile kulokhu ukuthi kulula ukuqala izimpi kunokuziyeka. Ngakho-ke, njengoba sesibonile lesi simo sempi njengohlobo "olujwayelekile olusha," umphakathi waseMelika uhlakaniphile, ufuna okungaphansi ukungenela kwezempi kanye nokuqapha okungaphezulu kwebandla.

Izwe lonke lihlakaniphile ngezimpi zethu, futhi. Thatha icala laseVenezuela, lapho umphathi we-Trump khona iphikelela ukuthi ukhetho lwempi "lusetafuleni." Nakuba abanye bomakhelwane baseVenzuela behlanganyela nemizamo yase-US yokudiliza uhulumeni waseVenezuela, akekho owenzayo amabutho abo ahlomile.

Okufanayo kusebenza kwezinye izinkinga zesifunda. I-Iraq yenqaba ukukhonza njengesiteji se-US-Israel-Saudi impi e-Iran. Amaqembu aseNtshonalanga aseNtshonalanga ase-US aphikisana nokuxoshwa kukaTrump unilateral esivumelwaneni sase-Iran futhi ufuna ukubandakanyeka ngokuthula, hhayi impi, ne-Iran. INingizimu Korea izinikezele enkulumweni yokuthula neNyakatho Korea, naphezu kokungavumelani kokuxoxisana kukaTrump noSihlalo weNyakatho Korea uKim Jung Un.

Ngakho-ke yiliphi ithemba elikhona lokuthi omunye umbukiso wamaDemokhrasi afuna isikhundla sikamongameli ngo-2020 angaba "yilowo ozobamba ukuthula" wangempela? Ngabe enye yazo ingaqeda lezi zimpi futhi ivimbele ezintsha? Buyela emuva empini ebandayo yeCold War kanye nezingalo neRussia neChina? Nciphisa amasosha ase-US nesabelomali sawo esidla konke? Gqugquzela ubumbano nokuzibophezela emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba?

Selokhu abaphathi bakaBush / Cheney baqala “Izimpi Ezinde” zanamuhla, omongameli abasha bamaqembu womabili balengise izikhalazo zokuthula ngesikhathi semikhankaso yabo yokhetho. Kepha no-Obama noTrump abake bazama ngokuqinile ukuqeda izimpi zethu "ezingapheli" noma ukusebenzisa imali yethu eseqile kwezempi.

Ukuphikiswa kuka-Obama empini ye-Iraq nezithembiso ezingacacile zokuqondisa okusha kwakwanele ukumnqoba isikhundla sikaMengameli I-Nobel Peace Prize, kodwa hhayi ukusiletha ukuthula. Ekupheleni, wachitha okuningi empini kunoBush futhi wehla amabhomu amaningi emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise a ukunyuka kweshumi ezitelekeni ze-CIA drone. Ukuqamba okukhulu kuka-Obama kwakuyimfundiso yezimpi ezicashile nezingummeleli ezanciphisa ukulimala kwabantu baseMelika futhi zaqeda ukuphikisana kwasekhaya nempi, kepha zaletha udlame nezingxabano ezintsha eLibya, eSyria naseYemen. Ukukhula kuka-Obama e-Afghanistan, “ithuna lamakhosi” elaliyizinganekwane, kwaguqula leyo mpi yaba yimpi ende kunazo zonke e-US selokhu Ukunqoba kwe-US waseMelika America (1783-1924).

Ukukhethwa kukaTrump nakho kwaphakanyiswa izithembiso zamanga zokuthula, kanye namabutho ampi asanda kukhululwa amavoti abalulekile emazweni ase-Pennsylvania, eMichigan naseWisconsin. Kodwa uTump wazungezela masinyane nabaphathi kanye nama-neocons, yandisa izimpi e-Iraq, eSiriya, Somalia nase-Afghanistan, futhi uye wasekela ngokugcwele impi eholwa yi-Saudi e-Yemen. Abacebisi bakhe base-hawkish baye baqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinyathelo zase-US zokuthula eSiriya, e-Afghanistan noma eKorea ziyaqhubeka zifanekisela, kanti imizamo yase-United States yokuhlupha i-Iran neVenezuela isongela umhlaba ngezimpi ezintsha. Isikhalazo sikaTrump, "Asinqobe futhi," ukhuluma ngehhovisi lakhe likaMongameli, esho ngokumangalisa ukuthi usafuna impi angayinqoba.

Yize singeke sikuqinisekise ukuthi abazongenela ukhetho bazonamathela kwizethembiso zabo zomkhankaso, kubalulekile ukubheka lesi sitshalo esisha sabazongenela ukhetho lukamongameli futhi sihlole imibono yabo – futhi, lapho kungenzeka khona, amarekhodi okuvota – ezindabeni zempi nokuthula. Yimaphi amathemba wokuthula angaletha ngamunye wabo e-White House?

UBernie Sanders

USenator Sanders unalo irekhodi elikhulu lokuvotela kwanoma yiliphi umuntu omele ukhetho mayelana nempi nokuthula, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwempi. Ukuphikisa isabelomali esiphezulu se-Pentagon, uvotele i-3 kuphela ku-19 izikweletu zemali yezempi kusukela ngo-2013. Ngalesi silinganiso, akekho omunye umuntu ozongenela ukhetho, okubandakanya uTulsi Gabbard. Kwamanye amavoti ngempi nokuthula, uSanders uvote njengoba kuceliwe yi-Peace Action I-84% yesikhathi kusuka ku-2011 kuya ku-2016, naphezu kwamavoti athile wama-hawkish ku-Iran kusuka ku-2011-2013.

Okunye okuphikisana okukhulu nokuphikisana kukaSanders nokusetshenziswa kwezimali ezingenakulawulwa kwempi kuye kwaba nguye ukweseka ngohlelo lwezikhali olubiza kakhulu nolusaphaza umhlaba: indiza yempi eyi-F-35 yamabhiliyoni. USanders akagcinanga ngokweseka i-F-35, waphokophela – yize babephikisana nendawo - ukuthola lezi zindiza zokulwa zimiswe esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBurlington seVermont National Guard.

Ngokumisa impi e-Yemen, uSanders ube yiqhawe. Ngonyaka owedlule, yena no-Senators Murphy no-Lee baye bahola umzamo omkhulu wokulondoloza isikweletu sakhe sempi seMpiya e-Yemen ngokusebenzisa iSenate. ICongressman Ro Khanna, uSanders oyikhethile njengomunye wezihlalo zakhe ze-4, uye wahola umzamo ofanayo eNdlu.

Umkhankaso we-Sanders '2016 wagcizelela iziphakamiso zakhe ezithandwayo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo nezomnotho, kodwa wagxekwa njengokukhanya komgomo wangaphandle. Ngaphandle kweChiding Clinton ngokuba "Kakhulu ekushintsheni kombuso," wabonakala engenqikazi ukuphikisana naye ngenqubomgomo yangaphandle, naphezu kwerekhodi lakhe le-hawkish. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenkathi egijimela umongameli, uhlale ehlanganisa i-Military-Industrial Complex phakathi kwezintshisekelo ezithintekayo izinguquko zakhe zezombangazwe, futhi irekhodi lakhe lokuvota lihlehlisela inkulumo yakhe.

USanders usekela ukuhoxa kweMelika e-Afghanistan naseSyria futhi uphikisana nezinsongo zaseMelika zokulwa neVenezuela. Kodwa inkulumo yakhe yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kwesinye isikhathi idonsela phansi abaholi bamazwe ngezindlela ezinganikezi ukuxhasa izinqubomgomo "zenguquko yombuso" aphikisana nazo - njengalapho ejoyina iqembu labezombusazwe baseMelika ababiza uColonel Gaddafi waseLibya ngokuthi “Isigebengu nombulali,” Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama-thugs ase-US empeleni abulawe uGaddafi.

Vula Izimfihlo ibonisa ukuthi ama-Sanders angena ku-$ 366,000 "embonini yokuzivikela" ngesikhathi somkhankaso wakhe we-2016, kodwa kuphela i-$ 17,134 yomkhankaso wokubuyisela kabusha we-2018 Senate.

Ngakho-ke umbuzo wethu kuSanders uthi, "Yimuphi uBernie esingambona eWhite House?" Ngabe nguyena onakho ukucaciseleka nesibindi sokuvota "Cha" kuma-84% wezindleko zokusebenzisa amasosha eSenate, noma lowo osekela ama-boondoggles amasosha afana ne-F-35 futhi angakwazi ukumelana nokuphindaphinda ama-smears okuvuvukala abaholi bamanye amazwe ? Kubalulekile ukuthi uSanders aqoke abeluleki bezinqubomgomo zezangaphandle abanenqubekela phambili emkhankasweni wakhe, bese kubaphathi bakhe, ukugcwalisa ulwazi lwakhe olukhulu nentshisekelo yenqubomgomo yasekhaya.

Tulsi Gabbard

Ngenkathi iningi labazongenela ukhetho liyibalekela inqubomgomo yezangaphandle, iCongressmember Gabbard yenze inqubomgomo yezangaphandle - ikakhulukazi impi yokuqeda - eyinhloko yomkhankaso wayo.

Wayengumxhwele ngempela kuMashi 10 wakhe I-CNN Hall Town, bekhuluma ngokwethembeka ngezimpi zase-US kunanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lobumongameli emlandweni wakamuva. UGabbard uthembisa ukuqeda izimpi ezingenangqondo njengaleyo ayibona eyisikhulu se-National Guard e-Iraq. Usho ngokungangabazeki ukuthi uphikisana nokungenelela kohulumeni baseMelika, kanye neMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nokuncintisana ngezikhali neRussia, futhi usekela ukujoyina isivumelwano senuzi sase-Iran. Wayephinde abe ngu-cosponsor wasekuqaleni we-Congressman Ro Khanna's Yemen War Powers bill.

Kodwa irekhodi langempela lokuvotela likaGabbard mayelana nezindaba zempi nokuthula, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwempi, akuyona into efana noSanders. Uvotele i-19 ye-29 izikweletu zemali yezempi eminyakeni eyi-6 eyedlule, futhi unayo kuphela I-51% I-Action Action irekhodi lokuvota. Amavoti amanengi ama-Peace Action ambalwa ngokumelene nawo amavoti ukukhokhela ngokugcwele imitjho yeenarha eziphikisanayo, okubandakanya imikhosi ye-cruise-tipped cruise (ku-2014, 2015 ne-2016); i-11th US indiza-othwala (ku-2013 no-2015); kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lwe-missile ka-Obama olulwa no-anti-ballistic, olwenzela i-New Cold War kanye nohlanga lwempi manje elihlambalayo.

I-Gabbard ivotele okungenani kabili (ku-2015 no-2016) ukuthi ingabhubhisi i-2001 kabi kabi Ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa kweMpi Yezempi, futhi wavota kathathu ukuthi angakhawuleli ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zePentagon slush. Ngo-2016, wavota ngokumelene nesichibiyelo sokunciphisa isabelomali sezempi ngo-1% kuphela. UGabard uthole ama- $ 8,192 ku- "Ukuvikela" imboni iminikelo yomkhankaso wakhe wokubuyisela kabusha we-2018.

I-Gabbard isakholelwa ekutheni impi isetshenziselwa ukulwa nobugebengu, naphezu kwalokho izifundo kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuphakela umjikelezo wokuzivuselela wodlame ezinhlangothini zombili.

Usengumbutho wezempi yena futhi wamukela lokho akubiza ngokuthi “ingqondo yezempi.” Uqede i-CNN Town Hall yakhe ngokuthi ukuba yi-Commander-in-Chief yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuba ngumongameli. NjengaseSanders, kufanele sibuze, "Yimuphi uTulsi esingambona eWhite House?" Ngabe kunguMajor onombono wezempi, ongakwazi ukuziletha ukuphuca ozakwabo amasosha amasistimu amasha ezikhali noma ukusikwa okungu-1% ezigidigidini zamadola ezindlekweni zempi azivotele? Noma kungaba ngumakadebona obone izinto ezesabekayo zempi futhi ezimisele ukuletha amasosha ekhaya futhi angaphinde awathumele ukuyobulala nokubulawa empini engapheli yokuguqula izimpi?

Elizabeth Warren

U-Elizabeth Warren wenza idumela lakhe ngezinselelo zakhe ezinesibindi sokungalingani kwezomnotho nokuzibandakanya kwezwe lethu, futhi kancane kancane waqala ukugxila emiphakathini yakhe yezwe. I-website yakhe yomkhankaso ithi isekela "ukusika isabelomali esiphezulu sokuzivikela nokuqeda izinkontileka zabasebenzi bezokuvikela emgomweni wethu wezempi." Kodwa, njengoGabard, uvotele ukuvuma ngaphezulu kokubili kwezintathu " ukusetshenziswa kwempi izikweletu ezize ngaphambi kwakhe eSenate.

Iwebhusayithi yakhe ibuye ithi, "Isikhathi sokuletha amasosha emakhaya," nokuthi uyakweseka "ukutshala kabusha izingxoxo." Uphumele obala evumela i-US ukujoyina i- Iran isivumelwano sesiyuclear futhi uye wabuye wahlongoza umthetho ozovimbela i-United States ukuthi isebenzise izikhali zenuzi njengendlela yokukhetha isiteleka sokuqala, ethi ufuna "ukunciphisa amathuba okuhlukumeza amandla enyukliya."

imidlalo Ikhodi yokuthula yokuvota yokuthula ufana ncamashi noSanders 'ngesikhathi esifushane ehleli eSenate, futhi wayengomunye wamaSenator okuqala amahlanu ukubheka umthethosivivinywa wakhe weYemen War Powers ngoMashi 2018. UWarren wathatha u- $ 34,729 ku Imbonini yezokuvikela iminikelo yomkhankaso wakhe we-2018 Senate reelection.

Ngokuphathelene no-Israyeli, uSenator wathukuthelisa izikhulu zakhe eziningi lapho e-2014 kusekelwe Ukuhlasela kuka-Israyeli eGaza okwashiya i-2,000 yafa, futhi yabekwa icala lokulimala kwamaHamas. Kusukela manje uthathe isikhundla esibucayi kakhulu. Yena ephikisanayo umthethosivivinywa wokwenza ubugebengu ukuduba u-Israyeli futhi wagxeka ukusebenzisa kuka-Israyeli amandla okubulala ngokumelene nababhikishi abanokuthula eGaza ngo-2018.

UWarren ulandela lapho uSanders eholele khona ezindabeni kusuka ekunakekelweni kwezempilo komhlaba wonke kuya ekuphikiseni ukungalingani kanye nezinkampani, izintshisekelo ze-plutocratic, futhi uyamlandela nase-Yemen nakwezinye izindaba zempi nezokuthula. Kepha njengakuGabbard, amavoti kaWarren okuvuma ama-68% we izikweletu zemali yezempi ubonisa ukungabi nokukholelwa ekubhekaneni nesithiyo esivumayo: "Ukunciphisa izinkontileka zokuvikela emgomweni wethu wezempi."

Kamala Harris

USenator Harris wamemezela ukhetho lwakhe kumengameli inkulumo ende e-Oakland, CA, lapho ekhuluma khona ngezinkinga eziningi, kodwa ehluleka ukukhuluma ngezimpi zase-US noma ukusetshenziswa kwempi. Ukubhekisela kwakhe kuphela kwenqubomgomo yangaphandle kwakuyisitatimende esingacacile mayelana "nezindinganiso zentando yeningi," "izigunyazo" kanye "nokwanda kwenuzi zenu," kungekho nhlobo ukuthi i-US ibambe iqhaza kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akanandaba nomgomo wangaphandle noma wezempi, noma wesaba ukukhuluma ngezikhundla zakhe, ikakhulukazi edolobheni lakubo enhliziyweni kaBarbara Lee eqhubekayo yesifundazwe.

Enye indaba uHarris ayelokhu ekhuluma ngayo kwezinye izilungiselelo ukusekela kwakhe okungenamthetho ku-Israyeli. Watshela i Inkomfa ye-AIPAC ngo-2017, "Ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami ukuqinisekisa ukwesekwa okubanzi nokuhlangene kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zokuphepha kuka-Israyeli nelungelo lokuzivikela." Ukhombise ukuthi uzokuyisa kude kangakanani lokho kwesekelwa kwa-Israyeli ngenkathi uMongameli u-Obama ekugcineni evumela i-US ukuthi ijoyine isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN esigxeka izindawo ezingekho emthethweni zase-Israel ePalestine eyakhiwe "njengokuphula okusobala" umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. UHarris, uBooker noKlobuchar babephakathi kwamaSenator angama-30 eDemocratic (kanye nama-Republican) angama-47 cosponsored umthethosivivinywa ukuvimbela ama-US amadokodo ku-UN mayelana nesinqumo.

Ebhekene nocindezelo lwangaphakathi ku-#SkipAIPAC ku-2019, uHarris wajoyina iningi lalabo abanye abakhethi bomongameli abakhethe ukukhuluma ku-AIPAC's 2019. Uphinde usekele ukujoyina isivumelwano se nyukliya.

Ngesikhathi sakhe esifushane eSenate, uHarris uvotele abayisithupha kwabayisishiyagalombili izikweletu zemali yezempi, kepha wenza i-cosponsor futhi wavotela umthethosivivinywa weSanders 'Yemen War Power. UHarris akazange afune ukuphinde akhethwe kabusha e-2018, kepha uthathe u- $ 26,424 Imbonini yezokuvikela iminikelo emjikelezweni wokhetho lwe-2018.

UKirsten Gillibrand

Ngemuva kweSenator Sanders, uSenin Gillibrand unomlando wesibili ohamba phambili ekuphikeleni ababalekile ukusetshenziswa kwempi, ukuvota ngokumelene no-47% wezindleko zokusebenzisa amasosha kusukela ngo-2013 Ikhodi yokuthula yokuvota yokuthula ingama-80%, ancishiswe ikakhulukazi ngamavoti afanayo e-Iran njengamaSanders kusuka ngo-2011 kuya ku-2013. Akukho lutho kuwebhusayithi yomkhankaso kaGillibrand mayelana nezimpi noma ukusetshenziswa kwempi, yize esebenza eKomidini Lezinsizakalo Zempi. Uthathe u- $ 104,685 ungene "Ukuvikela" imboni iminikelo yomkhankaso wakhe wokubuyisela kabusha i-2018, ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi esinye isenenja esisebenzela umengameli.

U-Gillibrand wayengumphathi we-cosponsor wokuqala we-Billers 'Yemen War Wow Bill. Ubuye wasekela ukuhoxiswa ngokugcwele kwe-Afghanistan kusukela okungenani i-2011, lapho esebenza khona ibhajethi yokuhoxiswa kanye noSenator Barbara Boxer futhi wabhala incwadi yabanyunyana uGates noClinton, ecela ukuzibophezela okuqinile ukuthi amabutho ase-US ayengeke "angakapheli i-2014."

UGillibrand waxhasa umthetho i-Anti-Israel Boycott Act ngonyaka ka-2017 kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wahoxisa ubukhosi bakhe lapho ecindezelwa ngabaphikisi abasemazingeni aphansi kanye ne-ACLU, futhi wavota ngokumelene ne-S.1, eyayihlanganisa nezinhlinzeko ezifanayo, ngoJanuwari 2019. Ukhulume kahle ngokuxoxisana kukaTrump neNyakatho Korea. Ekuqaleni wayeyiBlue Dog Democrat evela emaphandleni asenyakatho neNew York eNdlu, usenenkululeko enkulu njengeSenator yezwe laseNew York futhi manje, njengomuntu ozongenela ukhetho lukamongameli.

I-Cory Booker

I-Senator Booker ivotele i-16 ngaphandle kwe-19 izikweletu zemali yezempi eSenethi. Ubuye azichaze ngokuthi "ungummeli oqinile wobudlelwano obuqinisiwe ne-Israel," futhi waxhasa umthetho-mthetho weSenate elahla isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ngokumelene nezindawo zase-Israel ngo-2016. Wayengu-cosponsor wokuqala womthethosivivinywa owabeka unswinyo olusha e-Iran Disemba 2013, ngaphambi kokugcina ukuvotela isivumelwano senuzi ngo-2015.

Njengo-Warren, Booker wayengomunye wabasebenzi bokuqala abahlanu be-Cosponsors ye-Sanders 'Yemen War Wow Bill, futhi une-86% Ikhodi yokuthula yokuvota yokuthula. Kepha yize esebenza kwiKomidi Lezangaphandle, akazange athathe isikhundla somphakathi yokuphelisa izimpi zaseMelika noma ukunciphisa irekhodi layo lokusetshenziswa kwempi. Irekhodi lakhe lokuvotela u-84% wezindleko zokusebenzisa amasosha lisikisela ukuthi ngeke enze ukusikeka okukhulu. IBooker ibingafuni ukuphinde ikhethwe kabusha ngo-2018, kepha ithole ama- $ 50,078 ku- "Ukuvikela" imboni iminikelo yomjikelezo wokhetho lwe-2018.

Amy Klobuchar

USenator Klobuchar uyimpungushe engaphenduli kangako yamasenenja kulo mjaho. Uvotele bonke ngaphandle koyedwa, noma u-95%, we izikweletu zemali yezempi kusukela ngo-2013. Uvote kuphela njengoba eceliwe yi-Peace Action I-69% yesikhathi, aphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamaseneta alwela umongameli. UKlobuchar wasekela ukushintshwa kombuso oholwa yi-US-NATO eLibya ngo-2011, kanti nezitatimende zakhe zomphakathi ziphakamisa ukuthi isimo sakhe esikhulu sokusetshenziswa kwamasosha aseMelika noma yikuphi ukuthi nabalingani baseMelika babambe iqhaza, njengaseLibya.

NgoJanuwari 2019, uKlobuchar nguyena kuphela owayengamele ukhetho lukaMongameli owavotela i-S.1, umthethosivivinywa wokugunyaza futhi usizo lwezempi lwase-US kwa-Israyeli olwalufaka phakathi ne-anti-BDS ilungiselelo lokuvumela uhulumeni wase-US kanye nohulumeni basekhaya ukuthi bahlukane nezinkampani ezaduba u-Israyeli. Nguyena kuphela okhethwe ukuba ngumongameli weDemocratic Alliance eSenate ongazange akhokhe umthethosivivinywa weSanders 'Yemen War Powers ngo-2018, kodwa wenza i-cosponsor wayivotela ngo-2019. UKlobuchar wathola ama- $ 17,704 ku "Ukuvikela" imboni iminikelo yomkhankaso wakhe wokubuyisela kabusha we-2018.

Beto O'Rourke

Owayengumongameli we-Congressmember O'Rourke uvotele i-20 ngaphandle kwe-29 izikweletu zemali yezempi (69%) kusukela ku-2013, futhi ibe ne-84% Ikhodi yokuthula yokuvota yokuthula. Iningi lamavoti i-Peace Action ebalwe ngokumelene naye kwakungamavoti aphikisana nokusikeka okuthile kwisabelomali samasosha. NjengoTulsi Gabbard, wavotela umuntu ophethe izindiza eziyishumi nanye ngo-11, futhi waphikisana no-2015% osikiwe kwisabelomali samasosha ngo-1. Wavota ngokumelene nokunciphisa inani lamasosha ase-US eYurophu ngo-2016 futhi wavota kabili ngokumelene nokubeka imikhawulo ku isikhwama se-Navy slush fund. U-O'Rourke wayeyilungu leKomidi Lezinsizakalo Zezindlu, futhi wathatha u- $ 2013 ku- "Ukuvikela" imboni kumkhankaso wakhe weSénate, ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi omunye ukhetho lomongameli weDemokhrasi.

Naphezu kokubambisana okubonakalayo nemibutho yezempi-yezimboni, okuyizinto eziningi kulo lonke elaseTexas, i-O'Rourke ayizange igcizelele inqubomgomo yangaphandle noma yempi eSenate yakhe noma imikhankaso yomongameli, ephakamisa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto engathanda ukuyibeka phansi. E-Congress, wayeyilungu leNhlangano yeNew Democrat Coalition eyenza ukuthi izinyathelo zithuthuke njengezithakazelo zezithakazelo zeputocratic and corporate.

UJohn Delaney

I-Congressmember Delaney yangaphambili ihlinzeka ngenye indlela ku-Senator Klobuchar ekupheleni kwe-hawkish ye-spectrum, ngemuva kokuvotela i-25 ngaphandle kwe-28 izikweletu zemali yezempi kusukela ku-2013, futhi uthola i-53% Ikhodi yokuthula yokuvota yokuthula. Uthathe u- $ 23,500 kusuka Izintshisekelo "Zokuvikela" ngenxa yomkhankaso wakhe wokugcina weCongress, futhi, njengo-O'Rourke no-Inslee, wayeyilungu leNhlangano yeNew Democrat Coalition.

Jay Inslee

UJay Inslee, uMbusi waseWashington State, wakhonza kuCongress kusuka ngo-1993-1995 nokusuka ngo-1999-2012. U-Inslee wayengumphikisi omkhulu wempi yase-US e-Iraq, futhi wethula umthethosivivinywa wokumangalela u-Attorney General u-Alberto Gonzalez ngokuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa ngamasosha ase-US. Njengo-O'Rourke noDelaney, u-Inslee wayeyilungu leNew Democrat Coalition yama-Democrats ezinkampani, kodwa futhi wayeyizwi eliqinile lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Emkhankasweni wakhe wokukhetha kabusha we-2010, uthathe u- $ 27,250 ku- "Ukuvikela" imboni iminikelo. Umkhankaso we-Inslee ugxile kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwesimo sezulu, futhi iwebhusayithi yakhe yomkhankaso kuze kube manje awukhulumi ngenqubomgomo yangaphandle noma yezempi nhlobo.

UMarianne Williamson no-Andrew Yang

Laba bantu ababili abavela ngaphandle kwezwe kwezombusazwe baletha imibono evuselelayo emncintiswaneni womongameli. Uthisha ongokomoya UWillion uyakholelwa, “Indlela yezwe lethu yokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha ayisasebenzi. Asinakuthembela emandleni anonya ukuze asuse izitha zomhlaba wonke. ” Uyabona ukuthi, ngokuphambene nalokho, inqubomgomo yezempi yezempi yaseMelika yakha izitha, futhi isabelomali sethu esikhulu samasosha “simane sandisa (ama) sikhwama sezakhiwo zezimboni zezempi.” Uyabhala, "Ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza ukuthula nomakhelwane bakho ukwenza ukuthula nomakhelwane bakho."

UWillion uphakamisa uhlelo lwe-10 noma lwe-20 lweminyaka yokuguqula umnotho wethu wezempi "umnotho wokuhlala ngesikhathi sokuthula." "Kusukela ekutshalweni okukhulu kwemvelo ekuthuthukiseni amandla ahlanzekile, ekuvuseleleni izakhiwo zethu namabhuloho, ekwakhiweni kwezikole ezintsha kanye ukudala isisekelo sokukhiqiza okuluhlaza, "kubhala," yisikhathi sokukhulula le nkampani enamandla yaseMelika ekusebenzeni ngokukhuthaza impilo kunokufa. "

Usomabhizinisi u-Andrew UYang uyathembisa "ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali yethu kwezempi," "ukwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-US ibandakanyeke ekuzibandakanyeni namanye amazwe ngaphandle kwenhloso ecacile," kanye "nokutshala kabusha izingxoxo." Ukholelwa ukuthi isabelomali esiningi samasosha "sigxile ekuvikeleni izinsongo ezivela emashumini eminyaka adlule ngokungafani nezinsongo zango-2020." Kepha uzichaza zonke lezi zinkinga ngokuya “ngezinsongo” zakwamanye amazwe nezimpendulo zamasosha aseMelika kubo, ehluleka ukubona ukuthi impi yase-US uqobo iyingozi enkulu komakhelwane bethu abaningi.

UJulian Castro, uPete Buttigieg noJohn Hickenlooper

Noma uJulian Castro, Pete Buttigieg noJohn Hickenlooper bakhulume inqubomgomo yangaphandle noma yezempi kumawebhusayithi wabo omkhankaso nhlobo.

Isiphetho

I-United States ibisempini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17, futhi sisebenzisa iningi lemali yethu engenayo yentela ukukhokhela lezi zimpi namandla nezikhali zokuzihola. Kungaba wubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi labo abazongenela ukhetho lukamongameli abangenalutho noma abangasho lutho ngalesi simo bazophuma nohlelo oluhle lokuhlehlisa izifundo uma sesibanikeze e-White House. Kuyakhathaza kakhulu ukuthi uGillibrand no-O'Rourke, laba bantu ababili ababhekwe kakhulu yizakhiwo zezimboni zezimboni zezimali zomkhankaso e2018, bathule ngokwesaba kule mibuzo ephuthumayo.

Kepha nabazongenela ukhetho abafunga ukubhekana nale nkinga yezempi benza lokhu ngezindlela ezishiya imibuzo engaphenduleki. Akekho noyedwa kubo osho ukuthi bazoyinciphisa malini isabelomali sezempi esenza lezi zimpi zenzeke - futhi ngaleyo ndlela cishe zingenakugwemeka.

Ku-1989, ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, izikhulu zangaphambili zePentagon uRobert McNamara noLarry Korb batshela iKomiti Yezezimali zeSenate ukuthi isabelomali sezempi sase-US singasindiswa ngokuphepha uthathe yi-50% phezu kweminyaka elandelayo ye-10. Kusobala ukuthi akuzange kwenzeke, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwethu kwezempi ngaphansi kweBush II, Obama noTrump uye waphuma ukunyakaza okukhulu kweNcintiswano yempi yeCold War.

Imikhankaso kaMongameli yizikhathi ezibalulekile zokuphakamisa lezi zinkinga. Sikhuthazwa kakhulu isinqumo sika-Tulsi Gabbard sesibindi sokuxazulula inkinga yempi nokulwa kwezempi enhliziyweni yomkhankaso wakhe wokuba ngumongameli. Sibonga uBernie Sanders ngokuvota kwakhe ngokumelene nesabelomali sezempi esasicashile unyaka nonyaka, kanye nokukhomba isakhiwo sezempi nezimboni njengelinye lamaqembu anentshisekelo amakhulu okumele abhekane nawo ekuvukeleni kwakhe kwezepolitiki. Simshayela ihlombe u-Elizabeth Warren ngokulahla “ukuklinywa kosonkontileka bezokuvikela kumgomo wethu wezempi.” Futhi samukela uMarianne Williamson, Andrew Yang namanye amazwi okuqala kule mpikiswano.

Kodwa sidinga ukuzwa ingxabano enkulu kakhulu mayelana nempi nokuthula kulo mkhankaso, ngezinhlelo eziqondile ezivela kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Lo mjikelezo ononya wezimpi zase-US, ukulwa kwamabutho kanye nokuchitha imali kwempi yezempi, kudonsa izinto zethu ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kubhidliza ukubambisana kwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi izingozi ezikhona zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kwezikhali zenuzi, okungekho izwe elikwazi ukuzixazulula ngokwabo.

Sibheka le mpikiswano ikakhulukazi ngoba silila izigidi zabantu ezibulawa yizimpi zezwe lethu futhi sifuna ukubulawa. Uma unezinye izinto eziza kuqala, siyaqonda futhi siyazihlonipha lokho. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi futhi sibhekane ne-militarism kanye nayo yonke imali esithatha emithwalweni yethu kazwelonke, kungase kuveze ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene ne-United States kanye nezwe ngekhulu le-21.

UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Peace, futhi umbhali wezincwadi eziningana, kuhlanganise Umbuso Wabangalungile: Ngokwe-US-Saudi Connection. UNicolas JS Davies ungumbhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq kanye nomcwaningi nge-CODEPINK.