by Gar Smith / Izimo Zemvelo Ezilwa Nempi
Encwadini yoSuku lweSikhumbuzo esayinwa e-Diesel Books, uDavid Swanson, umsunguli we World Beyond War kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi "War Is A Lie" uthe uthemba ukuthi incwadi yakhe izosetshenziswa njengencwadi yokusiza izakhamizi "zibone futhi zimemezele amanga kusenesikhathi." Naphezu kwenkulumo eyi-bellicose enanela emahholo enhloko-dolobha eminingi, i-pacifism iya ngokuya iba yinto evamile. "UPapa uFrancis useqophe umlando ethi 'Ayikho into efana nempi elungile' futhi ngingubani mina ukuthi ngingaphikisana noPapa?"
Okukhethekile KwabezeMvelo Abamelene Nempi
E-BERKELEY, Calif. (Juni 11, 2016) - Encwadini yokusayinwa kwencwadi yoSuku lweSikhumbuzo e-Diesel Books ngoMeyi 29, isishoshovu sokuthula uCindy Sheehan wengamela i-Q&A noDavid Swanson, umsunguli we World Beyond War kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi War Is A Lie (manje esishicilelweni sayo sesibili). USwanson uthe unethemba lokuthi incwadi yakhe izosetshenziswa njengencwadi yokusiza izakhamizi ukuthi “zibone futhi zimemezele amanga kusenesikhathi.”
Naphezu kwenkulumo-ze ye-bellicose enanela emahholo ezinhloko-dolobha eziningi zomhlaba, ukulwa nempi kuya ngokuya kuba yinto evamile. "UPapa uFrancis useqophe umlando ethi 'Ayikho into efana nempi elungile' futhi ngingubani mina ukuthi ngingaphikisana noPapa?" USwanson wamamatheka.
Ngokukhothamela abalandeli bezemidlalo bendawo, uSwanson wengeze wathi: “Amasosha kuphela engiwasekelayo amaGolden State Warriors. Ngifuna nje ukubenza baguqule igama labo libe ngelinokuthula.”
Isiko LaseMelika LiyiSiko Lempi
"Zonke izimpi ziyimpi yasebukhosini," kusho uSwanson etshela indlu ebigcwele phama. “IMpi Yezwe II ayizange iphele. Amabhomu agqitshiwe asavundululwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyaqhuma, zibangele abanye abalimala emashumini eminyaka ngemva kwempi ezazijutshwe kuyo. Futhi i-US isenamasosha aqashwe kuyo yonke i-European Theatre yangaphambili.
"Izimpi zimayelana nokubusa umhlaba," kuqhubeka uSwanson. “Yingakho impi ingazange iphele ngokuwa kweSoviet Union nokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Kwadingeka kutholwe usongo olusha ukuze kuqhutshekwe nombuso wama-imperial wase-US.”
Futhi nakuba singasenalo iSelective Service System esebenzayo, i-Swanson ivumile, sisenayo Internal Revenue Service - elinye ifa lesikhungo leMpi Yezwe II.
Ezimpini ezedlule, uSwanson wachaza, izintela zempi zazikhokhwe abantu baseMelika abacebe kakhulu (okwakukuhle nje, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kwakuyisigaba sezimboni esicebile esasihlomule ngokugqashuka kwezimpi). Lapho intela entsha yempi emiholweni yabasebenzi baseMelika iqalwa ukuze kuxhaswe impi yesibili yomhlaba, yakhangiswa njengesixhumanisi sesikhashana emiholweni yesigaba sabasebenzi. Kodwa esikhundleni sokunyamalala ngemva kokuphela kwezingxabano, le ntela yaba ingunaphakade.
Umkhankaso wokukhokhiswa intela yomhlaba wonke wawuholwa ngomunye ngaphandle kuka-Donald Duck. ISwanson ikhulume ngentengiso yentela yempi ekhiqizwe yi-Disney lapho uDonald omanqikanqika encengwa ngempumelelo ukuthi akhokhe "izintela zokunqoba ukuze alwe ne-Axis."
IHollywood Ishaya Izigubhu Zempi
Ekhuluma nemishini yesimanje ye-propaganda yase-US, iSwanson igxeke indima yeHollywood kanye nokukhuthaza kwayo amafilimu afana I-Zero Emnyama Emashumi amathathu, inguqulo ehlolwe yi-Pentagon yokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden. Inhlangano yezempi, kanye nomphakathi wezobunhloli, yadlala indima ebalulekile ekwaziseni nasekuqondiseni ukulandisa kwefilimu.
U-Sheehan ukushilo lokho Ukuthula Mama, enye yezincwadi eziyisikhombisa azibhalile, yayifakwe endalini ukuze yenziwe ifilimu kaBrad Pitt. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili iphrojekthi yakhanselwa, ngokusobala ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi amafilimu alwa nempi ayengeke azithole izilaleli. USheehan wavele wakhula ngokomzwelo. Wama kancane wachaza ukuthi indodana yakhe uCasey, eyashona empini kaGeorge W. Bush yase-Iraq engekho emthethweni ngo-May 29, 2004, “ingabe ineminyaka engu-37 ubudala namuhla.”
ISwanson idonse ukunaka kwefilimu yakamuva ye-pro-drone ethi Eye in the Sky njengesinye isibonelo semiyalezo ye-pro-war. Ngenkathi sizama ukuhlola isimilo esibi somonakalo wesibambiso (kulokhu, intombazane engenacala edlala eduze kwebhilidi okuhloswe ngalo), ukukhiqizwa okupholishiwe kwagcina kunikeze izizathu zokubulawa kwenqwaba yama-jihadist ezitha aboniswe inqubo yokunikeza amavesti aqhumayo ukulungiselela ukufela ukholo.
ISwanson inikeze umongo oshaqisayo. “Ngesonto elifanayo elenziwe yi-Eye in the Sky liyinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini e-United States,” esho, “abantu abangu-150 eSomalia bashaywe umoya ngama-drones aseMelika.”
NjengowaseMelika njengoNapalm Pie
"Kumele sikhiphe impi esikweni lethu," kweluleka uSwanson. Abantu baseMelika bafundiswe ukuthi bamukele impi njengedingekile futhi ingenakugwenywa lapho umlando ubonisa ukuthi izimpi eziningi zazilawulwa izithakazelo ezinamandla zezentengiselwano nabadlali be-geopolitical gamers. Khumbula iGulf of Tonkin Resolution? Khumbula Izikhali Ezibhubhisa Ngobuningi? Khumbula i Maine?
USwanson ukhumbuze izethameli ukuthi izizathu zesimanje zokungenela amasosha ngokuvamile zifinyelela egameni elilodwa, “Rwanda.” Umbono uthi kube nokuqothulwa kohlanga eCongo nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ngenxa yokuntuleka kokungenelela kwamasosha kusenesikhathi eRwanda. Ukuze uvimbele ukuhlukunyezwa kwesikhathi esizayo, ukucabanga kuyahamba, kufanele kudingeke ukuthembela ekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi, okuhlomile. Uma kungabuzwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi amasosha akwamanye amazwe agasela eRwanda futhi aqhumisa indawo ngamabhomu namarokhethi bekuyoqeda ukubulawa phansi noma kuholele ekufeni kwabantu abambalwa kanye nokuzinza okukhulu.
"I-US iyibhizinisi lobugebengu elikhohlakele," iSwanson yabeka icala ngaphambi kokukhomba esinye isizathu esithandwa amasosha emhlabeni jikelele: umqondo wempi "engalingani". ISwanson iyayichitha ingxabano ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalelo gama kuphakamisa ukuthi kufanele kube namazinga "afanele" odlame lwezempi. Ukubulala kusabulala, kusho uSwanson. Igama elithi “okungalingani” limane lisebenzela ukuthethelela “izinga elincane lokubulawa kwabantu abaningi.” Into efanayo ngomqondo ongahlangani "wokungenelela okuhlomile kokusiza abantu."
ISwanson ikhumbule ingxabano mayelana nokuvotela ihlandla lesibili likaGeorge W. Bush. Abasekeli bakaW baphikisa ngokuthi kwakungewona ukuhlakanipha “ukushintsha amahhashi phakathi nomfula.” ISwanson yakubona njengombuzo othi "ungawashintshi amahhashi phakathi ne-Apocalypse."
Ukuma Endleleni Yempi
“Ithelevishini isitshela ukuthi singabathengi kuqala kuthi abavoti kube isibili. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, ukuvota akukona kuphela - futhi akusona ngisho isenzo esihle kakhulu sezepolitiki. " USwanson waphawula. Kungakho kwakubalulekile (olwela izinguquko) ukuthi “uBernie [Sanders] enze izigidi zabantu baseMelika ukuba zingawalaleli amathelevishini abo.”
ISwanson ikhale ngokwehla kwenhlangano emelene nempi e-United States, ikhomba ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenhlangano yokuthula yaseYurophu “efaka i-US ehlazweni.” Ubonge iNetherlands, eye yafaka inselelo ekuqhubekeni phambili kwezikhali zenuzi zase-US eYurophu, waphinde wathi ngomkhankaso wokuvala isizinda somoya sase-US eRamstein eJalimane (isizinda esiyinhloko endaweni eyimpikiswano nengekho emthethweni ye-CIA/Pentagon “killer drone” Uhlelo oluqhubeka nokubulala izinkulungwane zezakhamizi ezingenacala futhi luqhubekisele phambili ukuqashwa kwezitha zaseWashington emhlabeni jikelele). Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomkhankaso we-Ramstein, bheka rootsaction.org.
Njengabaningi kwesokunxele, uSwanson uyamdelela uHillary Clinton nomsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngummeli we-Wall Street kanye ne-popologetic Nouveau Cold Warrior. Futhi, iSwanson ikhomba, uBernie Sanders naye uyashoda uma kukhulunywa ngezixazululo ezingenalo udlame. USanders useqophe umlando njengosekela izimpi zakwamanye amazwe zePentagon kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones kuBush/Obama/Military-Industrial alliance's War on Terror engapheli nengenakunqotshwa.
"UBernie akayena uJeremy Corbin," yindlela uSwanson akubeka ngayo, ebhekisela kunkulumo eqinile emelene nempi yomholi weBritish Labour Party. (Ekhuluma ngamaBrits, iSwanson yazisa izethameli zakhe ukuthi kukhona “indaba enkulu” ezogqashuka ngoJulayi 6. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-Chilcot Inquiry yaseBrithani izokhipha imiphumela yophenyo lwayo oseluthathe isikhathi eside mayelana nendima yeBrithani ozungu lwezombangazwe. kuholele ku-George W. Bush kanye ne-Tony Blair ye-Gulf War engekho emthethweni nengenabulungiswa.)
Impela Kuhle Ukubulala Izingane
Ukucabanga ngeqhaza likamongameli owa wake wathulula isifuba, "Kuvela ukuthi nginekhono ngempela ekubulaleni abantu," uSwanson wabona ngeso lengqondo inqubo yokubulawa kwabantu okuhleliwe kwe-Oval-Office: "Njalo ngoLwesibili u-Obama udlula 'ohlwini lokubulala' futhi uyazibuza ukuthi u-Saint Thomas Aquinas angacabangani ngaye." (U-Aquinas, vele, wayenguyise womqondo othi "Impi Yempi".)
Yize oqokwe njengomengameli weRiphabhulikhi ngokugabadela u-Donald Trump usekuthathele phezulu ukuphikisa ngokuthi umbutho wezempi waseMelika kumele unwebe i-War on Terror ukuze ifake “ukubulala imindeni” yabamelene nabo, omongameli baseMelika sebevele baligcinile leli su “lokubulala bonke” njengenqubomgomo esemthethweni yase-US. Ngo-2011, isakhamuzi saseMelika, isazi kanye nomfundisi u-Anwar al-Awlaki wabulawa isiteleka se-drone eYemen. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, indodana ka-al-Awaki eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala u-Abdulrahman (naye oyisakhamuzi saseMelika), yashiswa indiza yesibili yase-US eyathunyelwa ngomyalo ka-Barack Obama.
Lapho abagxeki bebuza imibuzo mayelana nokubulawa kwendodana ka-al-Alwaki, impendulo ephikisayo (ngamagama Unobhala Wezindaba eWhite House uRobert Gibbs) yayinezwi elibandayo le-Mafia don: “Kwakufanele [ibe] nobaba onokwethenjelwa kakhulu.”
Kuyakhathaza kakhulu ukubona ukuthi siphila emphakathini obhekene nesimo ngaphandle kokubulawa kwezingane. Okukhathaza ngokufanayo: ISwanson iphawule ukuthi i-United States ukuphela kwezwe eMhlabeni elenqabile ukuqinisa iSivumelwano SeNhlangano Yezizwe Samalungelo Ezingane.
Ngokusho kukaSwanson, ukuvota kukhombise kaningi ukuthi iningi lomphakathi lizovumelana nalesi sitatimende: "Bekungafanele siyiqale leyo mpi." Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abazogcina bethi: “Bekufanele siyimise le mpi ukuthi iqale kwasekuqaleni.” Kepha iqiniso liwukuthi, uSwanson uthi, kube nezimpi ezithile ezingazange zenzeke ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwabantu basemazingeni aphansi. Usongo luka-Obama olungenasisekelo oluthi “Red Line” lokususa uMengameli waseSyria uBashar al-Assad kwakuyisibonelo sakamuva. (Yebo, uJohn Kerry noVladimir Putin babelana ngesikweletu esikhulu ngokususa le nhlekelele.) “Sizimisile izimpi ezithile,” kuphawula uSwanson, “Kodwa anikuboni lokhu okubikiwe.”
Izimpawu ku-Warpath
Ngempelasonto ende yoSuku lweSikhumbuzo, uhulumeni nabantu bazabalaze ukulawula ukulandisa kwezimpi zaseMelika. (PS: Ngo-2013, u-Obama waphawula iminyaka engu-60 ye-Korean Armistice ngokumemezela ukuthi impi yaseKorea echitha igazi yinto okufanele igujwe. "Leyo mpi yayingahlangene," U-Obama wagcizelela, “IKorea yaba ukunqoba.”) Kulo nyaka, i-Pentagon yaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izikhumbuzo eziyinkulumo-ze zeMpi YaseVietnam futhi, futhi, lezi zinsolo zokushisekela izwe zaphonselwa inselele ngokuzwakalayo amaVets aseVietnam ngokumelene neMpi.
Ibhekisela ekuvakasheni kuka-Obama kwesifundazwe kwakamuva e-Japan nase-Korea, i-Swanson yagxeka umongameli. U-Obama akazange avakashele iHiroshima noma iHo Chi Minh City ukuzoxolisa, ukubuyisela noma ukunxeshezelwa, kukhononda iSwanson. Esikhundleni salokho, wayebonakala enentshisekelo enkulu ekuzivezeni njengomuntu osengaphambili wabakhi bezikhali base-US.
AbakwaSwanson baphonsele inselelo impikiswano yokuthi umbuso okhulayo waseMelika wezisekelo zakwamanye amazwe kanye nesabelomali sePentagon sezigidigidi zenzelwe “ukugcina abantu baseMelika bephephile” ku-ISIS/Al Qaeda/The Taliban/Jihadists. Iqiniso liwukuthi - ngenxa yamandla eNational Rifle Association kanye nomphumela wokwanda kwezibhamu ezweni lonke - minyaka yonke "ojahidada base-US babulala abantu baseMelika abaningi kunabashokobezi." Kodwa izingane ezisacathula azibonwa njengezinhlaka ezimbi, ezigqugquzelwa inkolo, nezinselele ngokwezwe.
USwanson uncome uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo we-GI, kodwa walandelwa nokuphawulwa okungajwayelekile: "Awudingi impi ukuze ube noMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo we-GI." Izwe linamandla nekhono lokunikeza imfundo yamahhala kuwo wonke umuntu futhi lingakufeza lokhu ngaphandle kwefa lokukhubaza izikweletu zabafundi. Omunye wemibono eyingqophamlando ngemuva kokuphasiswa koMthethosivivinywa we-GI, uSwanson ukhumbula ukuthi, kwakuyinkumbulo engakhululekile yaseWashington “yebutho Lebhonasi” elikhulu lodokotela bezilwane ababengathinteki ababehlala eWashington ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I. Odokotela bezilwane - nemindeni yabo - babefuna ngenkani. inkokhelo nje yenkonzo yabo nokunakekela izilonda zabo ezihlala njalo. (Umsebenzi wagcina uhlakazwe ngoxhaxha lwesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi, izinhlamvu, nama-bayonet amasosha ayengaphansi komyalo kaGeneral Douglas MacArthur.)
Ingabe Kukhona 'Impi Nje'?
I-Q&A yembule umehluko wemibono mayelana nokuthi kukhona yini into efana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla "okusemthethweni" - ukuzimela kwezombusazwe noma ngenxa yokuzivikela. Ilungu lezethameli lasukuma lamemezela ukuthi belizoziqhenya ngokusebenza ku-Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
USwanson - oyi-absolutist uma kukhulunywa ngezindaba zezempi - uphendule inselelo ngokubuza: "Kungani ungaziqhenyi ngokubamba iqhaza ezinguqukweni ezingenalo udlame?" Ubalule imibhikisho ethi “Peoples Power” ePhilippines, ePoland naseTunisia.
Kodwa kuthiwani nge-American Revolution? kubuza elinye ilungu lezethameli. ISwanson iveze ukuthi kungenzeka ukwehlukana okungenabudlova ne-England. “Awukwazi ukusola uGeorge Washington ngokungazi ngoGandhi,” wasikisela.
Uma sicabanga ngesikhathi sikaWashington (inkathi ephawulwe “Ngezimpi ZaseNdiya” zokuqala zaleli zwe elincane) iSwanson yakhuluma ngomkhuba waseBrithani wokugebha “izindebe” - isikhumba sekhanda nezinye izitho zomzimba - “kumaNdiya” abulewe. Ezinye izincwadi zomlando zithi lezi zenzo zobuqaba zathathwa kuboMdabu baseMelika uqobo. Kepha, ngokusho kukaSwanson, le mikhuba emibi yayisivele igxilile ku-subculture yasebukhosini yaseBrithani. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi le mikhuba yaqala eZweni Elidala, lapho amaNgisi ayelwa, ebulala - futhi, yebo, ekhanda - "amakhanda abomvu" ase-Ireland.
Iphendula inselelo yokuthi iMpi Yombango ibidingeka ukuze kugcinwe inyunyana, iSwanson yanikeza isimo esihlukile esingavamisile ukujatshuliswa, uma kwenzeka. Esikhundleni sokusungula impi ngokumelene nezifundazwe ezihlubukayo, uSwanson uhlongoze, kungenzeka ukuthi uLincoln wamane wathi: "Mabahambe."
Esikhundleni sokumosha izimpilo eziningi kangaka, i-US ngabe imane ibe yizwe elincane, elihambisana kakhulu nobukhulu bamazwe aseYurophu futhi, njengoba iSwanson yaphawula, amazwe amancane ajwayele ukulawuleka - futhi ahambisane nokubusa kwentando yeningi.
Kodwa ngokuqinisekile iMpi Yezwe II “yayiyimpi enhle,” kwasikisela elinye ilungu lezethameli. Ingabe iMpi Yezwe II yayingenasizathu sokwesabeka kokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kwamaNazi kumaJuda? USwanson uveze ukuthi lokho okubizwa “ngeMpi Enhle” kubulale izakhamizi eziphindwe kaningi kunezigidi eziyisithupha ezafela emakamu okufa aseJalimane. I-Swanson iphinde yakhumbuza izethameli ukuthi, ngaphambi kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II, osozimboni baseMelika babesekele ngentshiseko ukwesekwa kwabo - kwezombusazwe nakwezezimali - embusweni wamaNazi waseJalimane nakuhulumeni wobushiqela e-Italy.
Lapho uHitler esondela eNgilandi ngesiphakamiso sokubambisana ekuxosheni amaJuda aseJalimane ukuze ahlaliswe kabusha phesheya, uChurchill wawenqaba lo mbono, ethi izinto zokuthutha—okungukuthi, inani lemikhumbi engase libe khona—laliyoba umthwalo omkhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, e-US, iWashington yayimatasa ithumela imikhumbi ye-Coast Guard ukuze iqhube umkhumbi wababaleki abangamaJuda abangamaJuda kude nogu lwaseFlorida, lapho babenethemba lokuthola indawo engcwele. USwanson uveze enye indaba eyaziwa kancane: Umndeni ka-Anne Frank wawucele ukukhoseliswa e-United States kodwa isicelo sabo se-visa kwenqatshwe uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika.
Futhi, mayelana nokuthethelela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ngokumelene neJapan "ukusindisa izimpilo," iSwanson yaphawula ukuthi ukuphikelela kweWashington "ekuzinikeleni okungenamibandela" okwandisa impi ngokungenasidingo - kanye nenani lokufa elikhulayo.
USwanson ubuze ukuthi ngabe abantu abakutholi yini "okuhlekisayo" ukuthi ukuze uvikele "isidingo" sempi, kufanele ubuyele emuva eminyakeni engama-75 ukuze uthole isibonelo esisodwa salokho okubizwa ngokuthi "impi enhle" ukuze kuthethelelwe indawo yokungcebeleka eqhubekayo. emabuthweni ezempi ezindabeni zomhlaba.
Bese kuba nodaba lomthetho woMthethosisekelo. Isikhathi sokugcina iCongress yagunyaza impi kwaba ngo-1941. Yonke impi kusukela lapho ibiphambana nomthethosisekelo. Yonke impi kusukela lapho ibingekho emthethweni ngaphansi kwe-Kellogg-Briand Pact kanye ne-United Nations Charter, yomibili yavala izimpi zamazwe ngamazwe ezinonya.
Esephetha, uSwanson ukhumbule ukuthi, kokunye ukufundwa kwakhe eSan Francisco ngayizolo, umakadebona waseVietnam wayesukume ezilalelini, ehlengezela izinyembezi, wancenga abantu ukuthi “bakhumbule abangu-58,000 abafa kuleyo mpi.”
“Ngivumelana nawe mfowethu,” kuphendula uSwanson ngozwela. Khona-ke, ecabanga ngomonakalo impi yase-US eyayisakazekele kulo lonke elaseVietnam, eLaos naseCambodia, wanezela: “Ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula bonke abantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha nabangu-58,000 abafa kuleyo mpi.”
Amaqiniso ayi-13 ngeMpi (Izahluko ezivela Impi Ngamanga)
* Izimpi azilwelwa nobubi
* Izimpi aziqalwa ngokuzivikela
* Izimpi aziliwa ngenxa yokuphana
* Izimpi azinakugwenywa
* Amaqhawe awawona amaqhawe
* Abakhi bezimpi abanazo izisusa ezinhle
* Izimpi azizindeli ukuze kuzuze amasosha
* Izimpi azilwelwa ezinkundleni zempi
* Izimpi azizona, futhi aziqedwa ngokuzandisa
* Izindaba zempi aziveli ezibukelini ezingenasithakazelo
* Impi ayilethi ukuphepha futhi ayizinzile
* Izimpi azikho emthethweni
* Izimpi azikwazi ukuhlelwa futhi zigwenywe
QAPHELA: Lesi sihloko besisekelwe kumanothi anabile abhalwe ngesandla futhi ayizange ibhalwe ekurekhodweni.
