By Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb, May 5, 2022
Mhla ziyi-17 kuMbasa, 2022 (iSonto LePhasika eNtshonalanga Yurophu), amasosha ase-Ukraine amukela isitatimende esikhiqizwe lapha, kanye nengxoxo noYurii Sheliazhenko, unobhala omkhulu wale nhlangano.
"I-Ukrainian Pacifist Movement ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokushiswa okusebenzayo kwamabhuloho ukuze kuxazululwe izingxabano ezinokuthula phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine nhlangothi zombili kanye nezimpawu zezinhloso zokuqhubeka nokuchitheka kwegazi unomphela ukuze kuzuzwe izifiso ezithile ezizimele.
Siyasigxeka isinqumo samaRussia sokuhlasela i-Ukraine mhla zingama-24 kuNhlolanja wezi-2022, okuholele ekwenyukeni okubi kakhulu nokufa kwezinkulungwane, siphinda ukugxeka kwethu ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano sokuvala umlilo obekuhloswe ngaso ezivumelwaneni zaseMinsk zamasosha aseRussia nawase-Ukraine eDonbas ngaphambi kokwenyuka kwempi. Ubudlova baseRussia.
Siyakugxeka ukulebula okufanayo kwezinhlangothi ezingqubuzanayo njengezitha ezifana namaNazi nezigebengu zempi, ezigxishwe emthethweni, okuqiniswa inkulumo-ze esemthethweni yobutha obukhulu nobungenakulungiseka. Sikholelwa ekutheni umthetho kufanele wakhe ukuthula, ungabhebhethekisi izimpi; futhi umlando kufanele usinike izibonelo zokuthi abantu bangabuyela kanjani ekuphileni okunokuthula, hhayi izaba zokuqhubeka nempi. Sigcizelela ukuthi ukuziphendulela ngobugebengu kufanele kusungulwe yigatsha lezokwahlulela elizimele futhi elinekhono ngenqubo yomthetho, ngenxa yophenyo olungachemile futhi olungachemile, ikakhulukazi emacaleni obugebengu abucayi kakhulu, afana nokuqothulwa kohlanga. Sigcizelela ukuthi imiphumela edabukisayo yonya lwezempi akumelwe isetshenziselwe ukuvusa inzondo futhi ithethelele izenzo zonya ezintsha, ngokuphambene, izinhlekelele ezinjalo kufanele zipholise umoya wokulwa futhi zikhuthaze ukufuna okuqhubekayo kwezindlela ezingenagazi zokuqeda impi.
Siyazigxeka izenzo zezempi nhlangothi zombili, ukulwa okulimaza izakhamuzi. Siyaphikelela ukuthi konke ukudubula kufanele kumiswe, zonke izinhlangothi kufanele zihloniphe inkumbulo yabantu ababulewe futhi, ngemva kosizi olufanele, ngokuzola nangobuqotho bazibophezele ezingxoxweni zokuthula.
Siyazigxeka izitatimende ngasohlangothini lwaseRussia mayelana nenhloso yokufeza izinjongo ezithile ngezindlela zempi uma zingeke zifezwe ngezingxoxo.
Siyazigxeka izitatimende ngasohlangothini lwase-Ukraine zokuthi ukuqhubeka kwezingxoxo zokuthula kuncike ekuzuzeni izikhundla ezingcono kakhulu zezingxoxo enkundleni yempi.
Siyakugxeka ukungazimiseli kwezinhlangothi zombili ukunqamula umlilo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zokuthula.
Siyawugxeka umkhuba wokuphoqa izakhamuzi ukuthi zenze umsebenzi wezempi, zenze imisebenzi yezempi kanye nokusekela amasosha ngokumelene nentando yabantu abanokuthula eRussia nase-Ukraine. Sigcizelela ukuthi imikhuba enjalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobutha, iphula ngokubi umgomo wokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamasosha nezakhamuzi emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zokwedelela ilungelo lomuntu lokwenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza azamukeleki.
Siyakugxeka konke ukwesekwa kwamasosha okunikezwa yi-Russia kanye namazwe e-NATO kumavukelambuso e-Ukraine okudala ukwanda kwengxabano yezempi.
Sicela bonke abantu abathanda ukuthula e-Ukraine nasemhlabeni wonke ukuthi bahlale bengabantu abathanda ukuthula kuzo zonke izimo futhi basize abanye ukuba babe abantu abathanda ukuthula, baqoqe futhi basakaze ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokuphila enokuthula nengenalo ubudlova, ukutshela iqiniso elihlanganisa abantu abathanda ukuthula, bamelane nobubi nokungabi nabulungisa ngaphandle kobudlova, nezinganekwane eziphikisayo mayelana nempi edingekayo, enenzuzo, engenakugwenywa, nelungile. Asiceli noma yisiphi isenzo esithile manje sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuthula ngeke ziqondiswe inzondo nokuhlasela kwamasosha, kodwa siyaqiniseka ukuthi abalwi bomhlaba banomcabango omuhle kanye nolwazi lokufezekiswa okungokoqobo kwamaphupho abo angcono kakhulu. Izenzo zethu kufanele ziqondiswe ithemba lekusasa elinokuthula nelijabulisayo, hhayi ukwesaba. Umsebenzi wethu wokuthula mawusondeze ikusasa elivela emaphusheni.
Impi iyicala elibhekiswe esintwini. Ngakho-ke, sizimisele ukungasekeli noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempi futhi silwele ukususa zonke izimbangela zempi.”
Ingxoxo no-Yurii Sheliazhenko, Ph.D., UNobhala Omkhulu, i-Ukraine Pacifist Movement
Ukhethe indlela yokungabi nodlame okuqinile, okunezimiso. Nokho, abanye abantu bathi lesi simo sengqondo esihle, kodwa lapho sibhekene nomhlukumezi, akusasebenzi. Ubaphendula uthini?
Ukuma kwethu “akukona okweqile,” kunengqondo futhi kuvulekele ukuxoxisana nokucutshungulwa kabusha kukho konke okusebenzayo. Kodwa ngempela i-pacifism engaguquki, ukusebenzisa igama lendabuko. Angikwazi ukuvuma ukuthi ukuthula okungaguquki “akusebenzi”; ngokuphambene nalokho, iyasebenza kakhulu, kodwa empeleni ayisizi ngalutho kunoma yimuphi umzamo wempi. I-pacifism engaguquki ayikwazi ukubekwa ngaphansi kwamasu ezempi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi ihlonyiswe empini yamasosha. Kungenxa yokuthi kusekelwe ekuqondeni okwenzekayo: lena yimpi yabahlaseli zinhlangothi zonke, izisulu zabo abantu abathanda ukuthula abahlukene futhi babuswa abadlali abanobudlova, abantu abadonselwa empini ngokumelene nentando yabo ngenkani. kanye nenkohliso, ekhohliswe inkulumo-ze yempi, ababuthelwe ukuba babe ifolishi lezinganono, baphangwe ukuze baxhase umbutho wezempi. I-pacifism engaguquki isiza abantu abathanda ukuthula ukuba bazikhulule ekucindezelweni ngomshini wempi futhi bahloniphe ilungelo lomuntu lokuthula, kanye nawo wonke amanye amanani kanye nempumelelo yesiko lomhlaba wonke lokuthula nokungabi nabudlova.
Ukungabi nodlame kuyindlela yokuphila esebenzayo futhi okufanele isebenze ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi nje njengendlela yeqhinga. Kuyahlekisa uma abanye becabanga ukuthi namhlanje singabantu kodwa kusasa sekumele sibe izilo ngoba sihlaselwa izilo...
Noma kunjalo, iningi labantu bakini base-Ukraine banqume ukumelana nezikhali. Awucabangi yini ukuthi kuyilungelo labo ukuzenzela izinqumo?
Ukuzibophezela okuphelele empini yilokho abezindaba abakubonisa khona, kodwa kubonisa ukucabanga okufisayo kwamasosha, futhi bathatha imizamo eminingi ukudala lesi sithombe bezikhohlisa bona nomhlaba wonke. Ngempela, inhlolovo yokugcina yemibono yomphakathi yeqembu lezenhlalakahle ibonisa ukuthi cishe ama-80% abaphendulile abambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni i-Ukraine ngandlela thile, kodwa kuphela u-6% owathatha ukumelana nezikhali esebenza empini noma kwezokuvikela zendawo, ikakhulukazi abantu "abasekelayo" ibutho ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo noma ngolwazi. Ngiyangabaza ukuthi kuwukwesekwa kwangempela. Muva nje i-New York Times ixoxe ngendaba yomthwebuli wezithombe osemusha waseKyiv “owathanda izwe kakhulu futhi waba isixhwanguxhwangu esiku-inthanethi” lapho impi isondela, kodwa wabe esemangala abangani bakhe lapho ekhokhelwa abashushumbisi ukuba bawele umngcele wezwe elephula ukuvinjelwa okungekho emthethweni. cishe wonke amadoda aphume e-Ukraine ebekwe unogada wasemngceleni ukuze aphoqelele ukugqugquzelwa kwamasosha ngaphandle kokuhambisana kahle nomthethosisekelo nomthetho wamalungelo abantu. Futhi wabhala eseLondon: “Ubudlova akusona isikhali sami.” Ngokombiko wesimo sobuntu we-OCHA wangomhla zingama-21 kuMbasa, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-12.8 babalekile empini, okuhlanganisa nezigidi ezingu-5.1 bewela imingcele.
I-Crypsis, kanye nokubaleka nokubanda, kungokwezinhlobo ezilula zokuzivumelanisa nezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nokuziphatha ongakuthola emvelweni. Futhi ukuthula kwemvelo, ubukhona obungaphikisani ngempela bazo zonke izenzakalo zemvelo, kuyisisekelo esikhona sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuthula kwezombusazwe nezomnotho, i-dynamics yokuphila ngaphandle kobudlova. Abantu abaningi abathanda ukuthula baphendukela ezinqumweni ezinjalo ezilula njengoba isiko lokuthula e-Ukraine, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe angemva kweSoviet, ngokungafani naseNtshonalanga, alithuthukisiwe kakhulu futhi ama-autocrats asendulo futhi abusayo asetshenziselwa ukuvala amazwi amaningi aphikisayo ngesihluku. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuthatha njengokuyiqiniso noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kokweseka umzamo wempi kaPutin noma uZelensky lapho abantu bebonisa esidlangalaleni futhi bebonisa ukwesekwa okunjalo, lapho abantu bekhuluma nabantu abangabazi, izintatheli kanye nabavoti, ngisho nalapho besho lokho abakucabangayo ngasese, kungaba uhlobo oluthile lokuphikisa okucabanga kabili, okuthanda ukuthula kungafihlwa ngaphansi kwezingqimba zolimi oluqotho. Okokugcina, ungathola ukuthi abantu bacabangani ngempela ngezenzo zabo, njengokuthi ngesikhathi abaphathi be-WWI beqaphela ukuthi abantu abakholelwa kumbhedo okhona wesitha wenkulumo-ze yempi lapho amasosha ayejwayele ukugeja ngamabomu ngesikhathi sokudubula nokugubha uKhisimusi “nezitha” phakathi phakathi kwemisele.
Futhi, ngiyawenqaba umbono wokuzikhethela ngokwentando yeningi ngivuna udlame nempi ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ukukhetha okungafundile, okungelona iqiniso ngaphansi kwethonya lenkulumo-ze yempi "nokukhuliswa ngokushisekela izwe kwezempi" akuyona into ekhululekile ngokwanele ukuyihlonipha. Okwesibili, angikholwa ukuthi impi kanye nentando yeningi kuyahambisana (yingakho kimina i-Ukraine ingeyona isisulu seRussia, kodwa abantu abathanda ukuthula e-Ukraine naseRussia bayizisulu zohulumeni wabo oshisa izikhotha wangemva kweSoviet Union), angicabangi. ukuthi udlame lweningi olubhekiswe kwabancane (kuhlanganise nabantu) ekuphoqeleleni ukubusa kweningi „lwentando yeningi“. Intando yeningi yeqiniso iwukuzibandakanya kwansuku zonke emhlabeni wonke ezingxoxweni eziqotho, ezibucayi ezindabeni zomphakathi kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwendawo yonke ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Noma yisiphi isinqumo sentando yeningi kufanele sivumelane ngomqondo wokuthi sisekelwa iningi futhi ngamabomu ngokwanele ukuba singabi yingozi kwabancane (okuhlanganisa abantu abangashadile) kanye nemvelo; uma isinqumo senza kungenzeki ukuvuma kwalabo abangaboni ngaso linye, kubalimaza, kubakhiphe “ebantwini,” akusona isinqumo sentando yeningi. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, angikwazi ukwamukela "isinqumo sentando yeningi sokulwa impi nje kanye nokujezisa abalwela ukuthula" - ngeke kube intando yeningi ngokwencazelo, futhi uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi intando yeningi, ngiyangabaza ukuthi "intando yeningi" enjalo inakho ukubaluleka. noma umqondo nje.
Ngifunde ukuthi, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu kwentuthuko yakamuva, ukungabi nabudlova kunesiko elide e-Ukraine.
Yiqiniso lokhu. Ungathola izincwadi eziningi mayelana nokuthula nokungabi nabudlova e-Ukraine, mina ngokwami ngenze ifilimu emfushane ethi "Umlando Wokuthula wase-Ukraine," futhi ngifisa ukubhala incwadi mayelana nomlando wokuthula e-Ukraine nasemhlabeni. Okungikhathazayo, nokho, ukuthi ukungabi nabudlova kusetshenziselwa ukumelana kaningi kunokuguqula nokuqhubeka. Kwesinye isikhathi ukungabi nabudlova kusetshenziswa ngisho nokusekela ubunjalo bakudala bodlame lwamasiko, futhi sase (futhi sisenawo) e-Ukraine umkhankaso wenzondo omelene namaRussia ozenza abantu abangenalo udlame (inhlangano Yomphakathi “uVidsich”) kodwa manje esephenduke impi esobala, efuna ukusekela ibutho. Futhi izenzo ezingenalo ubudlova zahlonywa ngesikhathi sokubanjwa kwamandla obudlova be-pro-Russian eCrimea naseDonbass ngo-2014, lapho u-Putin ekhuluma kabi ukuthi izakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nezingane zizofika njengesihlangu somuntu phambi kwebutho.
Ucabanga ukuthi umphakathi waseNtshonalanga ungawasekela kanjani ama-pacifists ase-Ukraine?
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusiza imbangela yokuthula ezimweni ezinjalo. Okokuqala, kufanele sikhulume iqiniso, ukuthi ayikho indlela enobudlova yokuthula, leyo nkinga yamanje inomlando omude wokungaziphathi kahle nhlangothi zonke kanye nesimo sengqondo esiqhubekayo njengoba thina zingelosi singenza noma yini esiyifisayo futhi amademoni kufanele ahlupheke ngenxa yobubi bawo. kuzoholela ekwenyukeni okwengeziwe, okungabandakanyi i-apocalypse yenuzi, futhi ukukhuluma iqiniso kufanele kusize zonke izinhlangothi ukuthi zehlise umoya futhi zixoxisane ngokuthula. Iqiniso nothando kuyohlanganisa iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. Iqiniso ngokuvamile lihlanganisa abantu ngenxa yesimo salo esingaphikisani, kuyilapho amanga ephikisana nawo kanye nomqondo ophusile ozama ukusehlukanisa nokusibusa.
Indlela yesibili yokufaka isandla emkhankasweni wokuthula: kufanele usize abaswele, izisulu zempi, ababaleki kanye nabantu abangenamakhaya, kanye nalabo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Qinisekisa ukukhishwa kwazo zonke izakhamuzi ezinkundleni zempi zasemadolobheni ngaphandle kokubandlululwa ngokobulili, uhlanga, ubudala, ngazo zonke izizathu ezivikelwe. Nikela kuma-ejensi e-UN noma ezinye izinhlangano ezisiza abantu, njenge-Red Cross, noma amavolontiya asebenza phansi, kunenqwaba yezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, ungazithola emaqenjini endawo okuxhumana nabantu ku-inthanethi ezisekelweni ezidumile, kodwa qaphela ukuthi iningi labo ukusiza amabutho ahlomile, ngakho hlola imisebenzi yabo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi awunikeli ngezikhali nokuchitheka kwegazi okwengeziwe kanye nokwanda.
Futhi okwesithathu, okokugcina kodwa okungenani, abantu badinga imfundo yokuthula futhi badinga ithemba lokunqoba ukwesaba nenzondo futhi bamukele izixazululo ezingenabo ubudlova. Isiko lokuthula elingathuthukisiwe, imfundo yezempi ekhiqiza abantu abalalelayo kunezakhamuzi ezinobuhlakani kanye nabavoti abanomthwalo wemfanelo kuyinkinga evamile e-Ukraine, eRussia nakuwo wonke amazwe angemva kweSoviet. Ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali ekuthuthukiseni isiko lokuthula kanye nemfundo yokuthula ukuze sibe yisakhamuzi ngeke sizuze ukuthula kwangempela.
Uyini umbono wakho ngekusasa?
Uyazi, ngithola izincwadi eziningi zokusekela, futhi abafundi abambalwa base-Italy base-Augusto Righi High School e-Taranto bangibhalele ukuze ngifisele ikusasa elingenayo impi. Ngabhala ngiphendula: “Ngiyathanda futhi nginitshela ngethemba lenu lekusasa elingenayo impi. Yilokho abantu boMhlaba, izizukulwane eziningi zabantu abahlelayo futhi bayakha. Iphutha elivamile, kunjalo, ukuzama ukuwina esikhundleni sokuwina-win. Indlela yokuphila engenabudlova yesikhathi esizayo yesintu kufanele isekelwe esikweni lokuthula, ulwazi nezinqubo zokuthuthukiswa komuntu kanye nokuzuzwa kobulungisa bezenhlalo-mnotho kanye nemvelo ngaphandle kodlame, noma ngokuncishiswa kwabo ezingeni eliphansi. Isiko eliqhubekayo lokuthula nokungabi nabudlova kancane kancane lizothatha indawo yesiko lakudala lodlame nempi. Ukwenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza kungenye yezindlela zokwenza ikusasa lenzeke.”
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngosizo lwabo bonke abantu emhlabeni abakhuluma iqiniso emandleni, befuna ukuyeka ukudubula futhi baqale ukukhuluma, ukusiza labo abakudingayo kanye nokutshala imali esikweni lokuthula kanye nemfundo yokuba yisakhamuzi esingenalo udlame, singakha ndawonye ukwakha okungcono kakhulu. izwe elingenamabutho nemingcele. Umhlaba lapho Iqiniso Nothando kungamandla amakhulu, ahlanganisa iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga.
Yurii Sheliazhenko, Ph.D. (Umthetho), LL.M., B. Math, Master of Mediation and Conflict Management, ungumfundisi kanye nozakwethu ocwaningweni e-KROK University (Kyiv), inyuvesi yangasese engcono kakhulu e-Ukraine, ngokusho kwezinga elihlanganisiwe lamanyuvesi ase-Ukraine, TOP-200 I-Ukraine (2015, 2016, 2017). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyilungu lebhodi le-European Bureau for Conscientious Objection (Brussels, Belgium) futhi uyilungu leBhodi Yabaqondisi World BEYOND War (Charlottesville, VA, United States), kanye nonobhala ophethe we-Ukraine Pacifist Movement.
Inhlolokhono yenziwa uWerner Wintersteiner, uprofesa ophuma e-Klagenfurt University (AAU), e-Austria, umsunguli kanye nomqondisi wangaphambili weSikhungo Sokucwaninga Kokuthula Nezemfundo Yokuthula e-AAU.
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