Impi Isiza Ukubhebhezela Inkinga Yesimo Sezulu Njengoba Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Yezempi Yase-US Kudlula Izizwe Eziyi-140+

AMY U-GOODMAN: Owayengumongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama wethule inkulumo engqungqutheleni ye-UN yomumo womkhathi ngoMsombuluko, egxeka abaholi baseChina naseRussia ngokungangeni ezingxoxweni ebeziseGlasgow.

I-BARACK OBAMA: Izizwe eziningi zehlulekile ukufisa ukuvelela njengoba kudingeka. Ukwanda, ukuqoqwa kwesifiso ebesikulindele eParis eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule akukenzeki ngokufanayo. Kumelwe ngivume, kungithene amandla kakhulu ukubona abaholi bamazwe amabili ahamba phambili emhlabeni, iShayina neRussia, benqaba ngisho ukuhambela ukuqulwa kwecala. Futhi izinhlelo zabo zikazwelonke kuze kube manje zibonisa lokho okubonakala kuwukuntula okuyingozi kokuphuthuma, ukuzimisela ukulondoloza ubuqotho isimo sezwe samanje ngasohlangothini lwalabo hulumeni. Futhi lokho kuyihlazo.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ngesikhathi u-Obama egqamisa iChina neRussia, izishoshovu zobulungisa besimo sezulu zigxeka uMengameli u-Obama ngokuhluleka ukufeza izithembiso azenza njengomengameli kanye neqhaza lakhe lokwengamela amasosha amakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi isishoshovu sase-Filipina uMitzi Tan.

MITZI TAN: Nakanjani ngicabanga ukuthi uMengameli u-Obama uyadumala, ngoba ubezincoma njengomengameli omnyama okhathalele abantu bebala, kodwa ukube wenza kanjalo, ubengeke asehlule. Ubengeke akuvumele lokhu kwenzeke. Ubengeke abulale abantu ngeziteleka zama-drone. Futhi lokho kuxhumene nenkinga yesimo sezulu, ngoba amasosha ase-US angomunye wabangcolisi abakhulu futhi adala inkinga yesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke ziningi izinto uMongameli Obama kanye ne-US okufanele bazenze ukuze bazisho ukuthi bangabaholi besimo sezulu abathi bangabo.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Izikhulumi emhlanganweni omkhulu wangesonto eledlule wekusasa eGlasgow ziphinde zabiza iqhaza lamasosha aseMelika esimweni esiphuthumayo sezulu.

AYISHA SIDDIQA: Igama lami ngingu-Aisha Siddiqa. Ngivela esifundeni esisenyakatho yePakistan. … UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US unomlando wekhabhoni waminyaka yonke omkhulu kunamazwe amaningi Emhlabeni, futhi ungumngcolisi womhlaba omkhulu kunawo wonke. Ukuba khona kwayo kwezempi esifundeni sami kudle i-United States ngaphezulu kwezigidigidi eziyisi-8 zamarandi kusukela ngo-1976. Kube nesandla ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, e-Iran, ePersian Gulf enkulu nasePakistan. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi izimpi ezibangelwa aseNtshonalanga ziholele ekukhiqizweni kwekhabhoni, ziye zaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-uranium enciphile, futhi ziye zabangela ushevu womoya namanzi futhi ziye zaholela ekuzalweni kokukhubazeka, umdlavuza nokuhlupheka kwezinkulungwane zabantu.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Iphrojekthi ye-Costs of War ilinganisela ukuthi amasosha aseMelika akhiqize amathani acishe abe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2 okukhishwa kwekhabhoni phakathi kuka-2001 no-2017, cishe ingxenye yesithathu evela ezimpini zase-US phesheya kwezilwandle, okubandakanya e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Nge-akhawunti eyodwa, amasosha ase-US angcolisa kakhulu kunamazwe angama-140 ehlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa nezizwe eziningi ezithuthukile, njengeSweden, iDenmark nePortugal.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezempi kukhululiwe kakhulu ezivumelwaneni zesimo sezulu samazwe ngamazwe kusukela ku-Kyoto Protocol yango-1997, ngenxa yokunxenxa i-United States. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqembu lama-neoconservatives, kuhlanganise nephini likamongameli wesikhathi esizayo kanye no-Halliburton CEO U-Dick Cheney, uphakamise ukuthi kukhululwe konke ukukhishwa kwezempi.

NgoMsombuluko, ithimba lezishoshovu zesimo sezulu libambe umbhikisho ngaphandle kwedolobha I-COP ukugqamisa indima yebutho laseMelika enkingeni yesimo sezulu.

Manje sijoyinwa izihambeli ezintathu. Ngaphakathi kwengqungquthela yesimo sezulu ye-UN, u-Ramón Mejía uhlanganyela nathi, umhleli kazwelonke omelene nezempi we-Grassroots Global Justice Alliance. Ungudokotela wezilwane wase-Iraq. Siphinde sajoyinwa ngu-Erik Edstrom, owalwa eMpini Yase-Afghan futhi kamuva wafunda ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Oxford. Ungumbhali we I-Un-American: Ukubalwa Kwesosha Lempi Yethu Ende Kakhulu. Usijoyina esuka eBoston. Futhi enathi, eGlasgow, nguNeta Crawford. Unephrojekthi ye-Costs of War eBrown University. Unguprofesa e-Boston University. Ungaphandle nje kwe I-COP.

Siyanamukela nonke Intando yeningi Manje! Ramón Mejía, ake siqale ngawe. Ubambe iqhaza emibhikishweni ngaphakathi I-COP futhi ngaphandle I-COP. Usuke kanjani ekubeni umakadebona weMpi yase-Iraq uye ekubeni yisishoshovu sobulungiswa besimo sezulu?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Ngiyabonga ngokuba nami, Amy.

Ngabamba iqhaza ekuhlaselweni kwe-Iraq ngo-2003. Njengengxenye yalokho kuhlasela, okwakuwubugebengu, ngakwazi ukubona ukucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda yase-Iraq, izikhungo zayo zokuhlanza amanzi, indle. Futhi kwakuyinto engangingakwazi ukuhlala nami futhi ngangingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusekela. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokushiya amasosha, kwadingeka ngikhulume futhi ngiphikisane nempi yase-US ngayo yonke indlela, indlela noma isimo esibonakala ngayo emiphakathini yethu. E-Iraq kuphela, abantu base-Iraq bebelokhu becwaninga futhi bathi - banomonakalo omubi kakhulu wofuzo owake wacwaningwa noma wacwaningwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyisibopho sami njengomakadebona wezempi ukukhuluma ngokumelene nezimpi, futhi ikakhulukazi indlela izimpi ezithinta ngayo abantu bethu kuphela, imvelo kanye nesimo sezulu.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi, Ramón Mejía, kuthiwani ngalolu daba lwendima yamasosha ase-US ekukhiqizweni kukaphethiloli? Ngesikhathi usembuthweni wezempi, ngabe wawukhona yini umqondo phakathi kwama-GI akanye nawe mayelana nalokhu kungcola okukhulu okuvakashelwa amasosha emhlabeni?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Ngesikhathi ngisebuthweni lezempi, kwakungekho ngxoxo mayelana nezinxushunxushu esasizidala. Ngenza ama-convoys okubuyisela kabusha ezweni lonke, ngihambisa izikhali, ngihambisa amathangi, ngiletha izingxenye zokulungisa. Futhi kuleyo nqubo, angibonanga lutho ngaphandle kwemfucuza esele. Uyazi, ngisho namayunithi ethu ayegqiba izikhali nodoti olahlwa phakathi nogwadule. Besishisa udoti, sidala intuthu enobuthi ethinte omakadebona, kodwa hhayi nje omakadebona, kodwa abantu base-Iraq nalabo abaseduze kwaleyo migodi yokushiswa yingozi.

Ngakho-ke, amasosha ase-US, nakuba i-emissions ibalulekile ukuxoxa ngayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zingxoxo zesimo sezulu lapho sikhuluma ngokuthi amasosha akhishwa kanjani futhi akudingeki ukuthi anciphise noma abike ukukhishwa, kufanele futhi sixoxe ngodlame olwenziwa amasosha. amaholo emiphakathini yethu, ngesimo sezulu, endaweni ezungezile.

Uyazi, size nethimba, ithimba elihamba phambili labaholi basemazingeni aphansi abangaphezu kuka-60, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi It Takes Roots, esivela ku-Indigenous Environmental Network, esivela ku-Climate Justice Alliance, esivela ku-Just Transition Alliance, esivela ku-Jobs with Justice. Futhi size lapha ukuzosho ukuthi akukho net zero, akukho mpi, akukho ukufudumala, kugcine emhlabathini, ngoba amalungu amaningi omphakathi wethu ahlangabezane nalokho amasosha okufanele anikeze.

Omunye wabahambeli bethu ovela eNew Mexico, ovela ku-Southwest Organising Project, ukhulume ngendlela izigidi nezigidi zikaphethiloli wejethi ezichitheke ngayo eKirtland Air Force Base. Uphethiloli omningi uchitheka futhi wangena emanzini emiphakathi engomakhelwane kunawo I-Exxon Valdez, nokho lezo zingxoxo azibangeki. Futhi sinesinye isithunywa esivela ePuerto Rico nase-Vieques, ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezikhali kanye nokuhlolwa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali kuye kwahlupha kanjani isiqhingi, futhi ngenkathi i-US Navy ingasekho, umdlavuza usahlasela abantu.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi iqembu i-Global Witness lilinganise ukuthi kunabameleli bezinkampani zamalahle, uwoyela negesi abangaphezu kwe-100 kanye namaqembu ahlobene nabo e-COP26. Uthini umuzwa wakho ngomthelela wendawo yokwamukela uphethiloli kulo mhlangano?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Ngeke kube khona ingxoxo yangempela mayelana nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu uma singabandakanyi abezempi. Amasosha, njengoba sazi, angabathengi abakhulu bamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi akhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa abangela ukuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimboni zikaphethiloli ezinezithunywa ezinkulu kuneningi lemiphakathi yethu ehamba phambili kanye ne-Global South, lapho-ke siyathuliswa. Lesi sikhala akusona isikhala sezingxoxo zangempela. Kuyingxoxo yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezimboni kanye nohulumeni abangcolisayo ukuthi baqhubeke nokuzama ukuthola izindlela zokwenza njengenjwayelo ngaphandle kokubhekana nezimpande zengxoxo.

Uyazi, lokhu I-COP ibizwe nge-net zero, i I-COP ye-net zero, kodwa lena i-unicorn engamanga. Kuyisixazululo esingamanga, ngendlela efanayo nje nokwenza amasosha abe luhlaza. Uyazi, i-emissions, kubalulekile ukuthi sikuxoxe, kodwa ukutshala amasosha nakho akusona isisombululo. Kufanele sibhekane nodlame olutholwa ngamasosha kanye nemiphumela eyinhlekelele enalo emhlabeni wethu.

Ngakho, izingxoxo ngaphakathi I-COP akuzona ezangempela, ngoba asikwazi nokubamba izingxoxo eziqondile futhi siziphendulele. Kufanele sikhulume ngokujwayelekile. Uyazi, ngeke sithi “amasosha ase-US”; kufanele sithi “amasosha.” Ngeke sathi uhulumeni wethu uyena obhekene nokungcola; kufanele sikhulume ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona le nkundla yokudlala, lapho-ke siyazi ukuthi izingxoxo azilona iqiniso lapha.

Izingxoxo zangempela kanye noshintsho lwangempela lwenzeka emigwaqweni nemiphakathi yethu kanye nezinhlangano zethu zamazwe ngamazwe ezilapha ukuze zingagcini nje ngokuxoxa kodwa zisebenzise ingcindezi. Lokhu - uyazi, kuyini? Kade sikubiza, ukuthi I-COP uyazi, abenza inzuzo. Ukuhlangana kwabenza inzuzo. Yilokho okuyikhona. Futhi silapha ukuze singavumeli lesi sikhala lapho amandla ahlala khona. Silapha ukuzofaka ingcindezi, futhi silapha futhi ukuzokhulumela ozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezingakwazi ukuza eGlasgow ngenxa yomgomo wobandlululo kanye nemingcele abanayo yokuza xoxa ngokwenzeka emiphakathini yabo. Ngakho-ke silapha ukuze siphakamise amazwi abo futhi siqhubeke nokukhuluma - uyazi, kanye nabo, ngokwenzeka emhlabeni jikelele.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ngaphezu kuka-Ramón Mejía, sihlanganiswe omunye futhi udokotela wezilwane waseMarine Corps, futhi ungu-Erik Edstrom, udokotela wezilwane wase-Afghan War, uqhubeke nokufunda ngesimo sezulu e-Oxford futhi wabhala incwadi. I-Un-American: Ukubalwa Kwesosha Lempi Yethu Ende Kakhulu. Uma ungakhuluma - kahle, ngizokubuza umbuzo ofanayo njengoba ngibuze u-Ramón. Lapha ubungamasosha asolwandle [sic] umakadebona. Usuke kanjani kulokho uye kwisishoshovu sezulu, futhi yini okufanele siyiqonde mayelana nezindleko zempi yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe? Ulwe e-Afghanistan.

Erik EDSTROM: Ngiyabonga, Amy.

Yebo, ngiqonde ukuthi, ngiyobe ngenza iphutha uma ngingazange ngenze ukulungisa okufushane, okungukuthi ngiyisikhulu Sebutho Lezempi, noma owayeyisikhulu Sebutho Lezempi, futhi angifuni ukushisa ozakwethu engisebenza nabo ngokuqondwa kabi njengomuntu. Isikhulu sasolwandle.

Kepha uhambo oluya ekulweleni isimo sezulu, ngicabanga ukuthi, lwaqala ngise-Afghanistan futhi ngabona ukuthi inkinga engalungile siyixazulula ngendlela engafanele. Besiphuthelwa yizindaba ezihamba phambili ezisekela inqubomgomo yezangaphandle emhlabeni wonke, okuwukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okubeka eminye imiphakathi engozini. Idala ingozi ye-geopolitical. Futhi ukugxila e-Afghanistan, ukudlala ngempumelelo i-Taliban whack-a-mole, ngenkathi ungayinaki inkinga yesimo sezulu, kubonakale njengokusetshenziswa kabi kwezinto eziza kuqala.

Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha, uyazi, lapho ngiqedile ngenkonzo yami yezempi, ngifuna ukufunda lokho engikholelwa ukuthi kuyindaba ebaluleke kakhulu ebhekene nalesi sizukulwane. Futhi namuhla, uma kubhekwa ukukhishwa kwezempi ku-accounting jikelele emhlabeni jikelele, akukhona nje ukungathembeki ngokomqondo ukubakhipha ngaphandle, akunasibopho futhi kuyingozi.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi, Erik, ngingathanda ukukubuza mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kukawoyela nezempi, amasosha ase-US kodwa namanye amasosha ombuso emhlabeni jikelele. Sekuke kwaba khona ngokomlando ubudlelwano bamasosha afuna ukulawula izinsiza zikawoyela ngezikhathi zempi, kanye nokuba ngabasebenzisi abaphambili balezi zinsiza zikawoyela ukwakha amandla abo ezempi, akunjalo?

Erik EDSTROM: Kube khona. Ngicabanga ukuthi u-Amy wenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ngokubeka, kanjalo nesinye isikhulumi, eduze kwezempi singumthengi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho nakanjani kuqhuba ezinye zezinqumo kwezempi. Ukukhishwa okubangelwa amasosha ase-US kungaphezu kwezindiza zomphakathi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kuhlangene. Kodwa enye yezinto ebengifuna ngempela ukuziyisa ekhaya kule ngxoxo imayelana nokuthile okungaxoxwa ngakho kakhulu ngezindleko zempi, okuyizindleko zokuxhumana zekhabhoni noma izinto zangaphandle ezingezinhle ezihlobene ne-bootprint yethu yomhlaba wonke njengamasosha emhlabeni jikelele. .

Futhi u-Amy wayeqinisile ekuvezeni ukuthi - ecaphuna i-Brown University Watson Institute kanye ne-1.2 yezigidigidi zamathani ama-metric wezinto ezikhishwayo ezivela kwezempi ngesikhathi sempi yomhlaba wonke yobushokobezi. Futhi uma ubheka izifundo zezempilo zomphakathi eziqala ukwenza izibalo zokusho ukuthi mangaki amathani okufanele uwakhiphe ukuze ulimaze omunye umuntu kwenye indawo emhlabeni, cishe amathani angu-4,400. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza izibalo ezilula, impi yomhlaba wonke yobushokobezi idale ukufa okuhlobene nesimo sezulu se-270,000 emhlabeni jikelele, okwandisa futhi kwandise izindleko zempi ezivele ziphezulu futhi ilulaza ngamasu zona kanye izinhloso amasosha anethemba lokuthi kuzo. ukuzuza, okuwukuzinza. Futhi ngokokuziphatha, kuphinde kucekele phansi sona kanye isitatimende semishini kanye nesifungo sezempi, esiwukuvikela abantu baseMelika futhi sibe amandla omhlaba okuhlela, uma uthatha umbono womhlaba wonke noma wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ngakho-ke, ukubukela phansi inkinga yesimo sezulu kanye ne-turbocharging akuyona indima yamasosha, futhi sidinga ukufaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kubo bobabili ukuze badalule futhi banciphise ubukhulu bayo bekhabhoni.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ukuze ngibeke umbuzo kaJuan ocace kakhudlwana - ngikhumbula leli hlaya elidabukisayo lokuhlasela kwe-US e-Iraq, umfanyana ethi kuyise, "Wenzani uwoyela wethu ngaphansi kwesihlabathi sabo?" Bengizibuza ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuchaza kabanzi, Erik Edstrom, mayelana nokuthi yini ehlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezempi kwezempi. Futhi yini iPentagon eyiqondayo? Ngiqonde ukuthi, iminyaka, ngenkathi sihlanganisa izimpi zaseBush, ngaphansi kukaGeorge W. Bush, kwakukhona - sasihlala sibala ukuthi abakhulumi ngezifundo zabo zePentagon bethi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu yinkinga ebucayi yekhulu lama-21. . Kodwa yini abayiqondayo, kokubili mayelana nodaba kanye nendima yePentagon ekungcoliseni umhlaba?

Erik EDSTROM: Ngisho, ngicabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe emazingeni aphezulu ethusi ngaphakathi kwezempi, kukhona ukuqonda ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuwusongo lwangempela futhi olukhona. Kukhona ukunqanyulwa, nokho, okuyiphuzu lokushuba, okungukuthi: Yini amasosha azokwenza ngayo ngokuqondile, futhi ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa kwayo? Ukube amasosha abengadalula umlando wawo ogcwele wekhabhoni futhi enze njalo njalo, lelo nani lingaba namahloni kakhulu futhi lidale ingcindezi enkulu yezepolitiki ebuthweni laseMelika lokunciphisa lokho kukhishwa kuye phambili. Ngakho ungase ukuqonde ukungabaza kwabo.

Kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele sikubale ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwezempi, ngoba akunandaba ukuthi umthombo uyini. Uma ivela endizeni yabantu noma endizeni yezempi, kuya esimweni sezulu ngokwaso, akunandaba. Futhi kufanele sibale yonke ithani lekhabhoni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuphazamisa ngokwepolitiki ukwenza kanjalo. Futhi ngaphandle kokudalula, asiboni. Ukuze sibeke phambili imizamo yokuqeda ikhabhoni, sidinga ukwazi imithombo kanye nomthamo walokho kukhishwa kwezempi, ukuze abaholi bethu nosopolitiki bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithombo abangafuna ukuyivala kuqala. Ingabe izisekelo zaphesheya? Ingabe inkundla yemoto ethile? Lezo zinqumo ngeke zaziwa, futhi asikwazi ukukhetha ngobuhlakani nangobuhlakani, kuze kuphume lezo zinombolo.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ucwaningo olusha oluvela kuphrojekthi ye-Costs of War ye-Brown University lubonisa ukuthi uMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya ubugxile ngokweqile ebuphekulani obugqugquzelwe bangaphandle nabangaphandle, kanti ukuhlasela okunodlame e-US kuvame ukuvela emithonjeni yasekhaya, niyazi, ukhuluma ngokuphakama kwabamhlophe. , Ngokwesibonelo. UNeta Crawford unathi. Ungaphandle nje kwe I-COP njengamanje, ingqungquthela ye-UN. Ungumsunguli kanye nomqondisi wephrojekthi ye-Costs of War eBrown. Unguprofesa kanye nosihlalo womnyango wesayensi yezepolitiki e-Boston University. USolwazi Crawford, siyakwamukela futhi Intando yeningi Manje! Kungani usengqungqutheleni yesimo sezulu? Ngokuvamile sikhuluma nawe nje, mayelana nezindleko zempi.

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: Ngiyabonga, Amy.

Ngilapha ngoba kukhona amanyuvesi amaningana e-UK aqalise isinyathelo sokuzama ukufaka ukukhishwa kwezempi ngokugcwele ezimemezelweni zezwe ngalinye mayelana nokukhishwa kwazo. Minyaka yonke, wonke amazwe aku-Annex I - okungukuthi, abathintekayo esivumelwaneni esivela e-Kyoto - kufanele bafake ezinye zezinto zabo ezikhishwa ezempi ohlwini lwazo lukazwelonke, kodwa akuyona i-accounting ephelele. Futhi yilokho esingathanda ukukubona.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi, Neta Crawford, ungakhuluma ngalokho okungabhalisiwe noma okungagadiwe ngokombutho wezempi? Akuwona nje uphethiloli onika amandla amajethi ombutho wasemoyeni noma ophethe imikhumbi, futhi. Uma kubhekwa ngamakhulu namakhulu ezisekelo zamasosha i-United States enazo emhlabeni wonke, yiziphi ezinye izici ze-carbon footprint yezempi yase-US abantu abangazinaki?

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: KULUNGILE, ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinto ezintathu okufanele uzikhumbule lapha. Okokuqala, kukhona ukukhishwa okuvela ekufakweni. I-United States inokufakwa kwezempi okungaba ngu-750 phesheya, phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi inokungaba ngu-400 e-US Futhi okuningi kwalokho kufakwa phesheya, asazi ukuthi kuyini ukukhipha kwakho. Futhi lokho kungenxa yesinqumo se-Kyoto Protocol sango-1997 sokungafaki lokho kukhishwa noma ukubalwa kwezwe izisekelo ezikulo.

Ngakho-ke, enye into esingayazi ingxenye enkulu yekhabhoni evela ekusebenzeni. Ngakho-ke, eKyoto, isinqumo sathathwa sokuthi singafaki ukusebenza okuvela empini eyayigunyazwe yiNhlangano Yezizwe noma eminye imisebenzi yamazwe amaningi. Ngakho lokho kukhishwa akufakiwe.

Kukhona futhi into eyaziwa ngokuthi - ebizwa ngokuthi ama-bunker fuels, okungamafutha asetshenziswa ezindizeni nasezindizeni - ngiyaxolisa, izindiza nemikhumbi emanzini aphesheya. Iningi lemisebenzi ye-United States Navy isemazweni omhlaba, ngakho-ke asikwazi lokho kukhishwa. Labo abafakiwe. Manje, isizathu salokho kwaba, ngo-1997, i I-DOD uthumele imemo ku-White House ethi uma ohambweni lufakiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi amasosha ase-US anciphise ukusebenza kwawo. Futhi bathe kumemo yabo, ukwehla ngo-10% kokukhishwa kwegesi kuzoholela ekuntuleni ukulungela. Futhi lokho kuntuleka kokulungela kwakuyosho ukuthi i-United States ngeke ikulungele ukwenza izinto ezimbili. Omunye uwukuba uphakeme kwezempi futhi ulwe impi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma kuphi, bese, okwesibili, ungakwazi ukuphendula kulokho abakubona njengenhlekelele yesimo sezulu esingabhekana nayo. Futhi kungani babeqaphela kangaka ngo-1997? Ngoba bebefunda ngenkinga yesimo sezulu kusukela ngawo-1950 nawo-1960, futhi babeqaphela imiphumela yamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, yilokho okufakiwe nalokho okungafakwanga.

Futhi kukhona esinye isigaba esikhulu sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni esingazi ngakho, okuyinoma yikuphi ukukhishwa okuphuma kunxanxathela yezempi-yezimboni. Yonke imishini esiyisebenzisayo kufanele ikhiqizwe ndawana thize. Okuningi kwakho kuvela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zamasosha nezimboni e-United States. Ezinye zalezo zinkampani ziyakuvuma lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yizinto ezikhishwayo eziqondile nezingaqondile ngandlela thize, kodwa asiwazi wonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngakho-ke, nginesilinganiso sokuthi izinkampani eziphezulu zezempi-zezimboni zikhiphe cishe inani elifanayo lokukhishwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, njengamasosha ngokwawo kunoma yimuphi unyaka owodwa. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, lapho sicabanga ngayo yonke i-carbon footprint yezempi yase-United States, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi asiyibali yonke. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, asibali ukukhishwa koMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya - angikakabala - futhi lokho kufanele kufakwe, futhi.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ngangifuna—

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Futhi -

AMY U-GOODMAN: Qhubeka, Juan.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Ungakwazi futhi ukukhuluma ngemigodi eshile? Amasosha ase-US kumele ahluke emhlabeni, ukuthi nomaphi lapho aya khona, agcina ecekela phansi izinto lapho ephuma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimpi noma umsebenzi. Ungakwazi futhi ukukhuluma ngemigodi eshile?

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: Angazi kangako ngemigodi yokushiswa, kodwa kukhona engikwaziyo ngomlando wokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okwenziwa yinoma yiliphi amasosha. Kusukela enkathini yamakholoni kuya eMpini Yombango, lapho izakhiwo zelogi yeMpi Yombango zenziwa ngawo wonke amahlathi agawuliwe, noma imigwaqo yenziwa ngezihlahla, amasosha ase-United States abe yindlela yokucekela phansi imvelo. EMpini Yezinguquko naseMpini Yombango, futhi ngokusobala eVietnam naseKorea, i-United States ikhiphe izindawo, amahlathi noma amahlathi, lapho babecabanga ukuthi amavukela-mbuso azocasha.

Ngakho-ke, imigodi yokushiswa iyingxenye yohlobo olukhulu lokunganaki umkhathi nemvelo, indawo enobuthi. Futhi ngisho namakhemikhali ashiywe ezisekelweni, avuzayo ezitsheni ukuze afake uphethiloli, anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kukhona - njengoba zombili ezinye izikhulumi zishilo, kukhona indawo enkulu yokulimala kwemvelo okudingeka sicabange ngayo.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Ekugcineni, ngo-1997, iqembu lama-neoconservatives, kuhlanganise nephini likamongameli wesikhathi esizayo, ngaleso sikhathi u-Halliburton. CEO U-Dick Cheney, uphakamise ukuthi kukhululwe konke ukukhishwa kwezempi ku-Kyoto Protocol. Encwadini, uCheney, kanye neNxusa uJeane Kirkpatrick, owayenguNobhala Wezokuvikela uCaspar Weinberger, wabhala, "ngokukhulula kuphela izivivinyo zamasosha ase-US okuyizenzo zezempi zamazwe ngamazwe nezobuntu, ezihlangene - njengaseGrenada, ePanama naseLibya - zizoba ngokwezepolitiki kanye nezombusazwe. kunzima kakhulu.” Erik Edstrom, impendulo yakho?

Erik EDSTROM: Ngicabanga, impela, kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kuwumsebenzi wethu, njengezakhamuzi ezibambe iqhaza, ukufaka ingcindezi kuhulumeni wethu ukuba athathele phezulu lolu songo olukhona. Futhi uma uhulumeni wethu ehluleka ukukhuphuka, sidinga ukukhetha abaholi abasha abazokwenza okufanele, okuzoshintsha amagagasi futhi empeleni benze umzamo odingekayo lapha, ngoba, ngempela, umhlaba uncike yona.

AMY U-GOODMAN: Hhayi-ke, sizokuphetha lapho kodwa, kunjalo, qhubeka nokulandela lolu daba. U-Erik Edstrom ungudokotela wezilwane wase-Afghan War, oneziqu eWest Point. Ufundele isimo sezulu e-Oxford. Futhi incwadi yakhe I-Un-American: Ukubalwa Kwesosha Lempi Yethu Ende Kakhulu. U-Ramón Mejía ungaphakathi I-COP, umhleli kazwelonke omelene nezempi one-Grassroots Global Justice Alliance. Ungudokotela wezilwane wase-Iraq. Ubebambe iqhaza emibhikishweni ngaphakathi nangaphandle I-COP eGlasgow. Futhi kanye nathi, i-Neta Crawford, iphrojekthi ye-Costs of War eBrown University. Unguprofesa wesayensi yezepolitiki e-Boston University.

Lapho sibuya, siya eStella Moris. Unguzakwethu ka-Julian Assange. Ngakho-ke, wenzani eGlasgow, njengoba ekhuluma ngendlela iWikiLeaks edalule ngayo ukuzenzisa kwamazwe acebile ekuxazululeni inkinga yesimo sezulu? Futhi kungani yena noJulian Assange bengakwazi— kungani bengakwazi ukushada? Ingabe abaphathi bejele laseBelmarsh, iBrithani ithi cha? Hlala nathi.