Impi: Ukuthuthuka Nokubhubha Kwayo

Kuhle ukuthi impi imbi kakhulu - funa sikhule siyithande kakhulu. - URobert E. Lee

Abathanda izwe bahlala bekhuluma ngokufela izwe labo, hhayi ngokubulala izwe labo. - UBertrand Russell

Impi iyodwa iletha ukushuba okukhulu kwawo wonke amandla omuntu futhi ibeka isitembu sokuhlonishwa kubantu abanesibindi sokuyenza. – Benito Mussolini

Impi esikhathini sethu isiphenduke i-anachronism. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sasinjani esikhathini esidlule, impi yesikhathi esizayo ayinakusiza injongo ewusizo. Impi eyaba yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba, njenganoma yisiphi isenzo esilinganiselwe, yayizophumela ekubhujisweni okungokoqobo kwesintu. - UDwight David Eisenhower

Impi ijabulisa labo abangakaze babhekane nayo. – Erasmus

Ngezinye izikhathi impi ingase ibe ububi obudingekayo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudingekile kangakanani, kuhlale kubi, akukaze kube kuhle. Ngeke sifunde ukuhlalisana ngokuthula ngokubulalana izingane. - UJimmy Carter

Ingqondo enokuthula, ingqondo egxile futhi engagxili ekulimazeni abanye, inamandla kunanoma yimaphi amandla abonakalayo endaweni yonke. – Wayne Dyer

Incwadi yami ye-civics yenze ireferensi kafushane ku-pacificism. Ngangingakaze ngihlangane nomuntu olwela ukulwa noma ngifunde noma yini ayibhalayo. Yeka abantu abahloniphekile abadukisayo! Ama-Allies ayengawahlula kanjani Amandla e-Axis uma sinabantu abaningi abanjalo? Sasingabhekana kanjani nosongo lwaseSoviet ngo-1962?

Incwadi ye-civics ayizange ibhekisele emibhikishweni yezimpi ezedlule. EMpini ka-1812, iNew England ithi icabange ngokujulile ukuhlukana ne-United States ngoba impi yadiliza ukuhweba kwabo. U-Abraham Lincoln nabanye baphikisana nempi neMexico. AmaSenenja ayisithupha kanye namaCongressmen angama-50 avotele ngokumelene nokungena kwe-US eMpini Yezwe I.

Kamuva ngawo-1960, ngezwa Ukuvunguza Umoya, Ziyephi Zonke Izimbali kanye nengoma edumile ka-Joan Baez ethi With God On Our Side. Impi yayibonakala ingenangqondo, yethusa kakhulu kodwa isadingeka. Lapho iMpi YaseVietnam ishuba ngo-1965, ngangizoba kuyo inyanga eyodwa futhi ngelandelayo ngimelene nayo. Ngo-August 1966, ngashintsha umqondo wami okokugcina.

Njengoba impi ithatha isikhathi eside, ngaqina nakakhulu. Njengesikhulu somlando, ngaqala ukubona ukuthi zonke izimpi zazifana neVietnam lapho uMongameli wezwe eqamba amanga ngokuthi ukuphepha kwethu kusongelwa kanjani. Izazi-mlando namuhla azikwazi ukusitshela ngokungagunci ukuthi kwenzekani e-USS Maine ngo-1898. Incazelo okungenani ukuthi abantu baseSpain babengahlangene nakancane nokuqhuma. Uhulumeni waseSpain wenze izithembiso zesinxephezelo kuhulumeni wase-US kodwa i-US yamemezela impi noma kunjalo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva uMongameli McKinley watshela iqembu labefundisi baseWeseli ukuthi inzuzo yempi yayiletha ubuKristu ePhilippines. Lokho uMongameli uMcKinley ayengakwazi ukuthi abantu basePhilippines base bengamaKrestu futhi iningi labo bengamaKatolika amakhulu eminyaka.

UMongameli Johnson wasebenzisa lokho okwaziwa ngesigameko saseGulf of Tonkin ukuze athethelele impi yaseVietnam. Ukulalelwa kweCongressional eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kwadalula ukuthi iMaddox neTurner Joy babengekho olwandle oluphakeme lapho behlaselwa kodwa emanzini aseNyakatho yeVietnam.

Abanye abantu abafana nami bazwa ukukhungatheka kokubhikisha kwempi ethile. Ngawo-1960, kwakukhona ifilimu, Uma Lokhu KungoLwesibili, Lokhu Kumelwe Kube yiBelgium. Uma lokhu kungu-1967, kufanele sibhikishe Impi yaseVietnam. Uma lokhu kungu-2007, kufanele sibhikishe impi yase-Iraq. Sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda yonke impi ngaphambi kokuba impi isiqede. Lokhu akuwona nje umuzwa phakathi kwama-hippies, amaQuaker kanye noprofesa bekolishi abaphiko lwesobunxele. UDouglas MacArthur namanye amaqhawe adumile acele ukuthi kuqedwe impi. Bona lezi zingcaphuno zenkulumo kaGeneral MacArthur ka-1951 eya kuCongress yase-US:

“Impi ngiyayazi njengoba ambalwa amadoda aphilayo manje eyazi, futhi akukho okungihlukumeza kakhulu. Sekuyisikhathi eside ngikhuthaza ukuqedwa kwayo ngokuphelele, njengoba ukulimaza kwayo kokubili umngane nesitha kuye kwayenza yaba yize njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe.”…. “Imifelandawonye yezempi, izilinganiso zamandla, izinhlangano zezizwe, zonke zahluleka, zashiya okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuba ibe ngeyokuqeda impi. Ukucekeleka phansi kwempi manje kuvimbela lokhu okuhlukile. Sithole ithuba lethu lokugcina. Uma singeke sisungule isimiso esikhulu nesilingana ngokwengeziwe, i-Armagedoni yethu iyobe isemnyango wethu. Inkinga ngokuyisisekelo iyimfundiso yenkolo futhi ihilela ukuvuselelwa ngokomoya, ukuthuthukiswa kwesimilo somuntu okuzohambisana nentuthuko yethu ecishe ingenakuqhathaniswa kwezesayensi, ezobuciko, izincwadi, kanye nakho konke ukuthuthuka kwezinto ezibonakalayo namasiko kule minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule. Kumelwe kube ngokomoya uma sizosindisa inyama.”

Sithole ithuba lethu lokugcina.  Ngaphambili, izimpi ezinkulu bezingathatha ukuphila kwabantu abaningi kodwa isintu sasingaqhubeka. Bheka iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Abacebile nabanamandla babengaziba iMithetho Eyishumi, i-10 mitzvah, intshumayelo yasentabeni, isibopho sesigaba sikaKant, i-Rotary Four Way Test kanye nokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuntu. Manje ukushintshaniswa kwezikhali zenuzi phakathi kweNdiya nePakistan kuzoletha ubusika benuzi. Ngaphandle kwezizathu zobuntu, abantu banesithakazelo sobugovu ekuqedeni ubumpofu nezimpi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ngisho nempi phakathi kwemibuso emincane ingaqeda ukuphila emhlabeni. Uma ingekho impi yenuzi, abantu bazofa esivumelwaneni samanje sokuzibulala esilethwa ukungcoliswa kwezimboni nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Amaqembu okuthula abuthakathaka futhi awahlelekile. Ngo-2007, ngihlole izingosi zokuthula ezimbalwa ukuze ngithole ukuthi azinalutho enginganikeza labo abangaphandle kokunyakaza. Lezi zingosi zazichaza imigomo yenhlangano yonyaka futhi zacela neminikelo. Bona ungalokothi balwenzile udaba lwabo. Bezingekho izinto eziyisethenjwa zomfundi noma intatheli ebifisa ukwazi ngembangela yabo. Bangenza kahle ngokufuna usizo lwamavolontiya ku-Madison Avenue noma okungenani abantu abathile kwezokukhangisa ukuze bethule omunye umbono ongabonwa kwabezindaba abavamile noma ezikhungweni zemfundo.
Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMacArthur, amaJapan abhala uMthethosisekelo wawo, onesigatshana esithi “akunampi” esihlokweni sesi-9:

"Ukubambelela ngobuqotho ekuthuleni kwamazwe ngamazwe okusekelwe enobulungiswa nokuhleleka, abantu baseJapane baphinde balahle impi njengelungelo elizwe lesizwe kanye nosongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe.

“Ukuze kufezwe inhloso yesigaba esandulele, ibutho lezwe, ulwandle, nelasemoyeni, kanye namanye amandla empi, akusoze kwagcinwa. Ilungelo lokulwa nombuso ngeke liqashelwe.”

Abantu abaningi basacabanga ukuthi i-United States idinga amasosha aqinile. Phela, kwakukhona uHitler. Manje sekunamaShayina namaphekula. Ingabe ama-peaceniks njengami awafundile lutho eNgqungqutheleni yaseMunich? Ngiyazi ngoba leyo yindlela engangizizwa ngayo kwaze kwaba ngu-1969.

IMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaba umphumela wokuqala. U-Woodrow Wilson watshela abantu baseMelika ukuthi bangathathi hlangothi emcabangweni, ezwini nasezenzweni. Eqinisweni, inqubomgomo yakhe yayivuna amaNgisi namaFulentshi. Ngo-1917, umnotho waseMelika uboshelwe ekunqobeni kwe-Allied. Phakathi kwezimpi, abaseMelika, abaseBrithani nabaFulentshi bahluleka ngokudabukisayo ukulungisa iSivumelwano SaseVersailles futhi bamisa izindonga zentela ezacasula Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu. Ngonyaka wokugcina wokuchuma kweJalimane, i-1928, amaNazi athola amavoti angu-3 kuphela. Kwakungemva kokuqala Kokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho lapho uHitler aqala khona ukucwiliswa ingqondo okwajabulisa izixuku. Isifundo engisinikezayo ukuthi umhlaba wamathuba omnotho wehlula umbuso wempi engapheli. Labo ababheka amaNazi ukuze bathethelele amabutho ahlomile amakhulu kunawo wonke owake wabonwa umhlaba kufanele babheke esikhathini sika-1919-1932 kunokuba baqale ngemva kokuba amaNazi ethathe izintambo noma iNkomfa yaseMunich.

Esinye sezizathu esenza abantu bamukele impi njengento evamile ukuthi bayizwile emikhayeni yabo nasezikoleni. Izifundo zethu zomlando zibonisa impi njengoba isayensi ibonisa izenzakalo zemvelo ezifana nezishingishane neziphepho. Abafundi babona izimpi njengezenzakalo ezivamile ngezikhathi ezithile. Eqinisweni, i-sociopaths ibahlela ukusiza Iphesenti elilodwa. Abantu bomlando abanjengo-Alexander the Great, uJulius Caesar, u-Urban II, uChristopher Columbus, uBismarck, uWilliam McKinley, uBush the Father noBush the Son nabanye abaningi bafanelwe ukuthweswa amacala empi eNuremberg - uhlobo lwenkantolo. Kunalokho othisha bomlando babethula njengabantu abafeza lukhulu empucukweni.
AmaShayina awadingi amasosha ukuze asifake kuwo. Okufanele akwenze nje ukuyeka ukuthenga isikweletu sethu futhi afune ukuthi bonke abathintwayo besikhathi esizayo bakhokhe ngama-Euro.

Ngokuqondene namaphekula, amabutho ezempi awazange abe yisici. Ukube i-United States yaba nezinkampani ezithwala izindiza eziningi, amathangi nezindiza zempi ngoSepthemba 10, 2001 njengoba senza empeleni, amaphekula ngabe agadle noma kunjalo. Njengoba uhulumeni wamaTaliban wanikela ngokujikela u-Osama bin Laden ngemuva kokuba i-US inikeze ubufakazi bobugebengu bakhe, ngiyamangala ukuthi kungani uhulumeni waseBush wenqaba ukwenza lesi senzo esilula. Izinqubo zokukhishwa kwe-extradition beziyingxenye yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe isikhathi eside. Iyangixaka impi yethu ne-Iraq ebingahlangene namaphekula futhi ingenazikhali zokucekela phansi.

Ngicela abenzi bokuthula benze izimfuno ezithile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abaholi bezimpi abanjengoBarack Obama bangathi bafuna ukuthula kodwa baqhubeke nebhizinisi njengenjwayelo. (Bangakwazi ngisho nokuwina imiklomelo kaNobel.) Iqembu lezishoshovu e-Houston lenza lokho kanye.
Ngomhla ziyi-11 kuNhlolanja wezi-2007, i-Braeswood Democrats yaphasisa isinqumo (iSimemezelo saseBraeswood) esibiza ukuqedwa kwempi ethi indlela eya ekuthuleni ingaqala ngokuthi:

1) ukuqala uhlelo lomhlaba wonke lokulwa nobumpofu,
2) intela yokuthengiswa kwezikhali kwamanye amazwe,
3) ukuqala ukumisa ucwaningo lwezikhali,
4) ukunciphisa isabelomali sezempi sase-US esikhukhumele ngo-50%,
5) ukuqeqesha amabutho ethu ahlomile ukusiza ezinhlekeleleni,
6) ukusungula izinga leKhabhinethi uMnyango Wokuthula,
7) ukunciphisa izikhali zenuzi zibe zero noma cishe ziro, futhi,
8) ukuxoxisana ukuze zonke izikhali zenuzi zomhlaba ziphume isixwayiso se-trigger.
Qaphela ukuthi akushiwo lutho ngokuncishiswa kwezikhali okuhlangene kukaDouglas MacArthur noma isinqumo seBraeswood Democrats. Kunekhwelo lobuholi obuvela kuhulumeni wethu nasemphakathini wethu. Okudingekayo isibindi sokungavumeli labo abasebenza kanzima ukuthi bavotele noma iyiphi inqubekela phambili. Ngenxa kaRonald Reagan noMikhail Gorbachev, isintu saqeda lonke uhlobo lwemicibisholo ecitshwayo. Imizamo ejulile izodinga ukubambisana nokubeka izinto obala. Ngokwamagama kaRonald Reagan, “Themba kodwa uqinisekise.”

Abanye bakhathazekile ngokuthi uma izindaba zeBraeswood Declaration zifika emaphephandabeni zokuthi iBraeswood Democrats ingase ibhalwe njengabashisekeli. Lokhu kungenzeka. Noma yimuphi omhlophe waseMelika owayefuna amalungelo omphakathi abo bonke abantu baseMelika wayengontamo-lukhuni emphakathini waseNingizimu nasezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe kuze kube ngawo-1960. Osopolitiki abafana noDennis Kucinich noJesse Jackson abathatha isikhundla ngaphambi kokuba badume bayivelakancane. I-Solidarity Movement yayingeyona inhlangano engenzi lutho kodwa ochwepheshe babebheka imizamo yabo njengephelele. Cishe akekho owabikezela ukuthi iSoviet Union yayizophela ngendlela eyaphela ngayo. Kwesinye isikhathi empilweni kumele ukumele lokho okukholelwayo ungagcini ngokulandela isixuku. Ngemva kwesikhashana, isixuku sizobe sesikulandela.

Amazwe angamashumi ayisithupha nambili asayina i-Kellogg-Briand Pact yango-1928, eyayifuna ukuba kuyekwe impi. Isivumelwano sasingenayo imigomo noma izindlela zokufika lapho. Kubalulekile ukuthi amaqembu noma izinhlangano ezigunyaza ukuhoxiswa kwempi zicele izinyathelo ezithile.

Indlela engenzeka kakhulu ukuthi amaqembu ahlukene azokwengeza imibono kusiMemezelo saseBraeswood futhi akhiphe eminye. Amaqembu amaningi kanye nalabo abafuna ihhovisi lokhetho bangase bafise ukubonakala njengabangewona oweqisayo futhi bacele ukuhoxiswa kwenqubomgomo yaseMelika kunokuqedwa kwempi. IBraeswood Democrats ibheke ukwenza ngcono isinqumo. Isibonelo, ukuqhubeka kokumiswa kocwaningo lwezikhali kuncike ekutheni amanye amazwe anele (ikakhulukazi i-China ne-Russia) ajoyinayo. Ukumisa kuzofaka uhlobo lwenkokhelo yezenhlalakahle kosonkontileka bezokuvikela ukuze bahlale beseduze uma ukumisa kungabekezeleli. Uhlelo lokulwa nobumpofu emhlabeni wonke luncike ekwengameleni okwengeziwe kanye nemiphumela engcono kunezinhlelo zosizo lwangaphandle zamanje. Kukhona eminye imigomo nemibandela engakhulisa isitatimende esincane.

Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, i-United States ayizange ibe nenzuzo yokuthula. Eminye yemindeni yamasosha ethu isezitembuni zokudla. Kukhona okungalungile. I-United States isebenzisa imali elingana nesabelomali sokuvikela njengamazwe angama-25 alandelayo emgqeni. Sesaba bani?

Ngethemba ukuthi ingxoxo kazwelonke izogxila kulokhu kanye nezinye izindaba ezibalulekile hhayi ukumbozwa kancane kokucwebezela, ukuvota kanye negalelo emikhankasweni kamongameli.

Ngethemba ukuthi amaqembu ezemvelo azojoyina inhlangano yokuthula. Uma isintu sifuna ukuzisindisa ekufudumaleni komhlaba nasekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo, imikhuba eminingi kuyodingeka ishintshe. Njengoba amabutho ahlomile edla izinsiza eziningi ngisho nalapho abantu bengabulawa, impi iwumkhuba isintu okuyodingeka siwuphonse olwandle.

Khumbula ikhathuni yakudala ye-Pogo, "Sihlangabezane nesitha futhi yithi."

Nikeza ukuthula ithuba.

U-Isaya wathi ngaphandle kombono, abantu bayabhubha. Abaningi baseMelika banombono. Sengathi bangakwazi ukunxenxa abezindaba nosopolitiki ukuthi banake.

U-Ed O'Rourke, i-accountant yomphakathi eqinisekisiwe futhi owake waba yisakhamuzi sase-Houston, uhlala e-Medellin, e-Colombia lapho ebhala khona. Ukuthula Komhlaba - Imephu Yomgwaqo: Ungafika Lapho Usuka Lapha.