Lindela, Kuthiwani Uma Impi Ayisiyo Yesintu?

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, May 26, 2020

Incwadi entsha kaDan Kovalik, Ayisekho Impi: Ukuthi INtshonalanga Iwuphula Kanjani Umthetho Wamazwe Ngamazwe Ngokusebenzisa Ukungenelela “koBuntu” ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Izithakazelo Zezomnotho Nezamasu - engizengeza ohlwini lwami lwezincwadi okufanele uzifunde mayelana nokuthi kungani impi kufanele iqedwe (bheka ngezansi) - yenza icala elinamandla lokuthi impi yobuntu ayisekho kunokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane okunomusa noma ukuhlukunyezwa okunomusa. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi izisusa zangempela zezimpi zinqunyelwe ezintshisakalweni zezomnotho namasu - okubonakala kukhohlwa ukuhlanya, ukusangana kwamandla, kanye nezisusa ezidabukisayo - kodwa nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ayikho impi yobuntu eyake yazuzisa isintu.

Incwadi ka-Kovalik ayithathi indlela etuswa kabanzi yokululaza iqiniso ukuze umfundi agudluzwe ngobumnene endleleni efanele ukusuka lapho eqala khona. Akukho ukuthola okungu-90% okungalungile okuqinisekisayo ukuze wenze u-10% unambitheke lapha. Leli yincwadi yabantu abanombono ojwayelekile wokuthi impi iyini noma abantu abangahlukumezekile ngokugxumela endaweni abangayijwayele futhi bacabange ngayo.

U-Kovalik ulandelela umlando wenkulumo-ze yempi “yobuntu” emuva ekubulaweni kwabantu abaningi kweNkosi uLeopold nokugqilaza abantu baseCongo, okwadayiselwa umhlaba wonke njengenkonzo yomusa - isimangalo esingenangqondo esathola ukwesekwa okukhulu e-United States. Eqinisweni, u-Kovalik uyakwenqaba ukugomela kuka-Adam Hochschild ukuthi ubushoshovu obuphikisana noLeopold buholele ekugcineni emaqenjini anamuhla amalungelo abantu. Njengoba uKovalik ebhala kabanzi, izinhlangano ezifana neHuman Rights Watch kanye ne-Amnesty International emashumini eminyaka amuva nje bebengabasekeli abaqinile bezimpi zama-imperialism, hhayi abaphikisi bazo.

I-Kovalik iphinde inikeze isikhala esikhulu ekubhaleni kahle ukuthi impi engekho emthethweni ingaphezu kwamandla kangakanani, nokuthi kungenakwenzeka kangakanani ukwenza impi ibe semthethweni ngokuyibiza ngezobuntu. U-Kovalik uhlola i-United Nations Charter - ukuthi ithini kanye nalokho ohulumeni abathi ikushoyo, kanye ne-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, isimemezelo sika-1968 saseTehran, isimemezelo sase-Vienna sango-1993, i-International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, i-Genocide Convention. , kanye neminye imithetho eminingi evimbela impi futhi - ngenxa yalokho - unswinyo lolo hlobo i-US evame ukulusebenzisa ngokumelene nezizwe eziqondise empini. U-Kovalik uphinde akhiphe izethulo eziningi ezibalulekile esinqumweni seNkantolo Yezobulungiswa Yamazwe Ngamazwe ecaleni lika-1986. I-Nicaragua vs. United States. Ama-akhawunti anikezwa nguKovalik ngezimpi ezithile, njengeRwanda, alifanele inani lentengo yencwadi.

Le ncwadi iphetha ngokuncoma ukuthi umuntu okhathalela amalungelo abantu enze umnikelo omkhulu kunayo yonke kuleyo njongo ngokusebenzela ukuvimbela impi elandelayo yase-US. Angikwazanga ukuvuma okwengeziwe.

Manje, ake ngiphikise ngamaphuzu ambalwa.

Isandulelo sikaBrian Willson sale ncwadi sichitha i-Kellogg-Briand Pact “njengenamaphutha amakhulu ngoba abaholi bezepolitiki bebehlale bethethelela ukukhululwa okufakwe ezinhlinzekweni zokuzivikela zeSivumelwano.” Lesi isimangalo esineshwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba izinhlinzeko zokuzivikela ze-Kellogg-Briand Pact azikho futhi azikaze zibe khona. Isivumelwano asihlanganisi izinhlinzeko nhlobo, njengoba ingqikithi yento iqukethe imisho emibili (count em). Lokhu kungezwani kuyadabukisa, ngoba abantu ababhala futhi abayaluza futhi banxenxa ukudala iSivumelwano ngokungaguquki nangempumelelo kwathatha ukuma ngokumelene nanoma yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwempi enolaka nevikelayo, efuna ngamabomu ukuvimba yonke impi, futhi ebonisa ngokungapheli ukuthi ukuvumela izimangalo zokuzivikela kuzovula amasango ezimpi ezingapheli. I-US Congress ayizange ingeze izinguquko ezisemthethweni noma ukubhuka esivumelwaneni, futhi yasidlulisa ngendlela ongafunda ngayo namuhla. Imisho yayo emibili ayiqukethe “izimiso zokuzivikela” ezicasulayo kodwa eziyinganekwane. Ngolunye usuku singase sikwazi ukusebenzisa leli qiniso.

Manje, iSenate Foreign Relations Committee ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nabantu abaningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bamane bacabange ukuthi asikho isivumelwano esingaqeda ilungelo “lokuzivikela” ngokubulala abantu abaningi. Kodwa kunomehluko phakathi kwesivumelwano esifana ne-Kellogg-Briand Pact esenza into abaningi abangayiqondi (ukuvimbela yonke impi) kanye nesivumelwano esifana ne-UN Charter eyenza imibono evamile ibe sobala. I-UN Charter ngempela iqukethe izinhlinzeko zokuzivikela. U-Kovalik uchaza ukuthi i-United States isiguqule kanjani i-Article 51 ye-UN Charter yaba yisikhali, njengoba nje izishoshovu ezakha i-Kellogg-Briand Pact zazibikezele. Kepha okubhaliwe okuhlanzekile emlandweni ka-Kovalik wokuthi imithetho yavelaphi indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa i-Kellogg-Briand Pact ekudaleni izivivinyo zaseNuremberg naseTokyo, kanye nendlela eyinhloko lapho lezo zilingo zasonta ngayo ukuvinjelwa kwempi kwaba ukuvinjelwa kwempi enonya. , ubugebengu obusungulelwe ukushushiswa kwabo, nakuba mhlawumbe kungenjalo i-ex post facto ukuhlukunyezwa ngoba lobu bugebengu obusha bebuyingxenye yobugebengu obusezincwadini.

I-Kovalik igxile ku-UN Charter, futhi iveza izinhlinzeko zayo zokulwa nempi, futhi iphawula ukuthi lezo ezinganakwa futhi zaphulwa zisekhona. Omunye angase asho okufanayo ngeSivumelwano saseParis, futhi angeze ukuthi okukhona kuyo akunabo ubuthakathaka be-UN Charter, kuhlanganise nezintuba "zokuzivikela" kanye nokugunyazwa kwe-UN, kuhlanganise namandla e-veto anikezwe abadayisi bezikhali abakhulu kakhulu futhi ama-warmonger.

Uma kukhulunywa ngesikhala sezimpi ezigunyazwe uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN, u-Kovalik ubhala kahle uhlu lwezinqubo okufanele zihlangatshezwe ngaphambi kokuba kugunyazwe impi. Okokuqala, kufanele kube nosongo olukhulu. Kodwa kimi lokho kubukeka njengokukhululwa, okungaphezu nje kokuvula umnyango wolaka. Okwesibili, inhloso yempi kufanele ibe efanele. Kodwa lokho akwaziwa. Okwesithathu, impi kufanele ibe yindlela yokugcina. Kodwa, njengoba u-Kovalik ebuyekeza ezibonelweni ezihlukahlukene kule ncwadi, akunjalo; empeleni akuwona umbono ongenzeka noma ohlangene - kuhlale kukhona okunye ngaphandle kokubulawa kwabantu abaningi okungazanywa. Okwesine, impi kufanele ilingane. Kodwa lokho akunakulinganiswa. Okwesihlanu, kumele kube khona ithuba elikahle lokuphumelela. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi izimpi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba zithole imiphumela emihle ehlala njalo kunezenzo ezingenabo ubudlova. Lezi zindlela, lezi nsalela zasendulo "impi nje" ithiyori, baseNtshonalanga kakhulu futhi bangama-imperialism.

U-Kovalik ucaphuna uJean Bricmont ethi “bonke” ubukoloni emhlabeni babhidlika phakathi nekhulu lama-20 “ngezimpi nokuvukela umbuso.” Ukube lokhu bekungelona iqiniso ngokusobala - ngabe besingazi ukuthi imithetho nezenzo ezingenalo udlame zidlala indima enkulu (izingxenye zazo ezishiwo kabusha kule ncwadi) lesi simangalo sizokwethula umbuzo omkhulu. (Kungani kufanele "singabi nayo impi" uma kuphela impi ingaqeda ubukoloni?) Yingakho icala lokuqeda izinzuzo zempi ngokungeza okuthile mayelana nayo. ukuthatha indawo.

Icala lokuqedwa kwempi lenziwa buthaka ngokusetshenziswa njalo kule ncwadi yegama elithi “cishe.” Isibonelo: "Cishe zonke izimpi ezilwa ne-US ziyimpi yokuzikhethela, okusho ukuthi i-US ilwa ngoba ifuna, hhayi ngoba kufanele ikwenze lokho ukuze ivikele izwe." Leso sigaba sokugcina sisangishaya njenge-fascistic, kodwa igama lokuqala lomusho engilithola liphazamisa kakhulu. “Cishe”? Kungani “cishe”? U-Kovalik ubhala ukuthi isikhathi kuphela eminyakeni edlule ye-75 lapho i-US yayingenza khona isimangalo sempi yokuzivikela yayingemva kukaSeptemba 11, 2001. Kodwa u-Kovalik uchaza ngokushesha ukuthi kungani lokho kungenjalo ngempela, okusho ukuthi akukho macala. nakancane kungenzeka ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US enze isimangalo esinjalo ngenye yezimpi zakhe. Khona-ke kungani wengeza "cishe"?

Ngiyesaba futhi ukuthi ukuvula le ncwadi ngokubheka okukhethekile ekukhulumeni kukaDonald Trump, hhayi izenzo zakhe, ukuze kumveze njengosongo esikhungweni esidala impi kungabacisha abanye abantu okufanele bayifunde le ncwadi, nokuthi. okugcina ngezimangalo mayelana namandla ka-Tulsi Gabbard njengekhandidethi elimelene nempi kuzobe sekudlulelwe yisikhathi uma kwenza umqondo.

UMKHONO WOKWENZA KWEMHLABA:

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