"Impi YaseVietnam" - Idokhumentari Noma I-Epic Of Fiction?

Kusukela INyanga Phezu kwe-Alabama, Ngo-September 20, i-2017.

I-Arte TV izolo ukhombise izingxenye zokuqala ze Impi YeVietnam nguKen Burns noLynn Novick. Iyagijima futhi on PBS.

Izingxenye ezintathu zokuqala zezingxenye eziyishumi “zedokhumentari” zimhlophe okwezinhloso zosopolitiki abathengise impi emphakathini. Amaqhinga e-CIA nawamasosha "ajulile" ngemuva kwawo awaphenywa kepha afihliwe.

Ukuphawula esiqeshini sokuqala kumemezela ukuthi "kwakuyimpi yombango" yaseVietnam ngokumelene neVietnam. Lowo ngumbhedo we-ahistoric. Ngemuva kokwehlulwa (kwamazwe aseMelika axhasa ngezimali) amakoloniyali aseFrance ngo-1954, umholi weViet-minh Ho Chi Min wayeyiqhawe elingaphikiswa kuyo yonke iVietnam. Wayenganqoba noma yiluphi ukhetho ngamamaki amakhulu. Kepha abasekeli baseRussia (nabaseChina) bempi yenkululeko nabaseFrance bebengafuni ukuhamba ibanga lokugcina futhi baphikelela ezingxoxweni eGeneva. Bavumela ukwahlukaniswa kwezwe. Kungaba okuthokozisayo ukufunda ukuthi kungani.

Le "documentary" yenza kubonakale sengathi umbusi waseningizimu neVietnam uNgo Dinh Diem wavela ezulwini esikhundleni sokufakwa yi-CIA. Kwambeka esikhundleni sakhe. Kusizile ukuhlela "ukhetho" olwamnika uhleko lwama-98.2% wamavoti. Kwamxhasa ngezimali. Lesi siqephu sinombusi omkhulu ongundlovukayiphikiswa uLeslie Gelb, owayeyingxenye yombuso ojulile owasungula futhi waqhuba impi, wamemezela ukuthi "sikwenzile okushiwo nguDiem". Umbhedo lowo. UDiem wayengundlovukayiphikiswa ononya kodwa wayengeke aphile usuku ngaphandle kokusekelwa nokuvikelwa yi-US.

Ingxenye yesibili ukuhlonipha okungafanele kukaKennedy kanye nabasebenzi bakhe "abahlakaniphile". UMcNamara unconywa kakhulu. Kodwa ingqondo yakhe yokulwa nobhontshisi yayingenawo amandla okwahlulela ukuziphatha komuntu nezisusa zakhe. Lokho kwaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Impi iboniswa njengelwela "inkululeko" kanye "nobukhomanisi". Lawo bekungamaphoyinti okuthengisa kaKennedy kepha bebengenandaba nokuncane okwenzekile. UKennedy, njengoJohnson ngemuva kwakhe, wayeqhutshwa kakhulu yizinkinga zenqubomgomo yasekhaya. Wayefuna ukufinyelela ezinhlosweni ezithile zasekhaya. Izinqumo zakhe zaseVietnam zazivele zimboza ukuhlaselwa kwakhe ngokuba "buthakathaka".

Ingxenye yesithathu yenza mhlophe iGulf of Tonkin amanga. Kukhulunywa ngomlomo ngokwenzekile ngempela, kepha bese kukhulunywa ngokuziphindisela kwe-US 2 ”. “Ukuhlasela okungavunyelwe” kwamabutho aseVietnam emikhunjini yase-US kwakuyinkolelo-ze. Isinqumo seCongress “Tonkin” esandisa impi senziwa ngabasebenzi bakaJohnson ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke lesi sigameko. Umbukiso we- "Tonkin" wawusethelwe ukuwudlulisa. Isisusa esikhulu sokukhuphuka kwaba ukuthi uJohnson akhethwe kabusha. NjengoKennedy wayazi ukuthi impi yayilwa nenhlangano yenkululeko kazwelonke futhi ayinakunqotshwa. Kodwa "impendulo" yakhe "kulesi sigameko" imenze wabukeka eqinile. Unqobe ngamalengiso.

Sekukonke ngiphoxekile nguchungechunge. Yenziwe kahle i-cinematography, kepha ayinakho ukujula ngokomlando. Akukho uphenyo ngezinhloso ezijulile zezinqumo zezepolitiki kuhulumeni wase-US. Esikhundleni salokho sithola ukuphindaphinda kwesiqubulo sokukhangisa esasisetshenziselwa ukuthengisa izinqumo. Amasu ezempi kanye ne-CIA, kanye nebhizinisi lezidakamizwa eVietnam elalizuza kumaFulentshi, ashiywe ngaphandle. Izinhloso namasu eViet-minh athola kancane kakhulu, njengoba nje nempilo yombango eVietnam phakathi nempi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho akukho okuphawuliwe nhlobo mayelana nokugqugquzela nokucabanga kwamazwe asekela iViet-minh. Izingobo zomlando zaseSoviet nezaseChina zivulekile. Kepha akukho okushiwoyo ngezifiso zabo nenani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza abazifaka empini. Idokhumentari yangempela ngempi izofaka imibono yabo. Iziqubulo "Zokulwa nobukhomanisi" kanye "ne-domino theory" zazisetshenziswa futhi zisasetshenziselwa ukuthengisa impi emphakathini wase-US. Ngabe izinqumo ezenzeka eMoscow naseBeijing zazizophikisana nabo?

Amanye amazwi agxekayo ochungechungeni:

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UBurns noNovick bakwenza kucace ukuthi yize bephikisana nempi, hhayi kubantu abasha kuphela, ukungathandwa kwabantu baseMelika bathi bayakholelwa kuyo. Beseka i-Ohio National Guard ngokudubula abafundi baseKent State. Ukuvuma kwabo okundikindiki kuthathwe ngokukhazimulayo nguNixon ngegama lakhe elithi 'iningi elithule'. … [Angishiyi kungabaza okuncane ukuthi izinguquko zamasiko zeminyaka yama-1960 - 'imifula' kaMerrill McPeak - zaziyinkululeko yabambalwa futhi eyashiya uqhekeko eMelika lusabonakala ngokusobala okhethweni lwango-2016.

Kuthunyelwe ngu-b ngoSepthemba 20, 2017 e08: 44 AM | Permalink