NgoMedea uBenjamin noNicolas JS Davies, ngoFebruwari 4, 2019
Kusukela Amaphupho ajwayelekile
Ngendlela yakhe yobuciko, I-Killing Hope: Ukungenelela kwe-Military ne-CIA kusukela eMpini Yezwe II, UWilliam Blum, owashona ngoDisemba 2018, wabhala ama-akhawunti abude besahluko wokushintshwa kombuso wase-US emazweni alwa nomhlaba, kusuka eChina (55-1945s) kuya eHaiti (1960-1986). Amazwi kafushane kaNowaam Chomsky ngemuva kohlelo lwakamuva athi, “Kude lencwadi enhle kunazo zonke esihlokweni.” Siyavuma. Uma ungakayifundi, ngicela wenze. Izokunikeza umongo ocacile walokho okwenzeka eVenezuela namuhla, kanye nokuqonda okungcono komhlaba ohlala kuwo.
Kusukela ku-Killing Hope kushicilelwe ku-1995, i-US iye yenze okungenani imisebenzi ye-13 yokuguqulwa kombuso, eziningana zazo ezisasebenza: Yugoslavia; I-Afghanistan; I-Iraq; ukuhlasela kwe-3rd US yaseHaiti kusukela ngo-WWII; ISomalia; I-Honduras; I-Libya; ISiriya; I-Ukraine; I-Yemen; I-Iran; I-Nicaragua; futhi manje iVenezuela.
UWilliam Blum uqaphele ukuthi i-US ivame ukukhetha lokho abahleli bayo bakubiza ngokuthi "ukungqubuzana okuncane" ngezimpi ezigcwele. Kuphela ngezikhathi zokuzethemba ngokweqile lapho yethule khona izimpi zayo ezibhubhisa kakhulu nezinenhlekelele, kusuka eKorea naseVietnam kuya e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Ngemuva kwempi yayo yokubhujiswa kwabantu abaningi e-Iraq, i-US yabuyela “ekulweni okungahambi kahle” ngaphansi kwemfundiso ka-Obama yokulwa ngasese nangommeleli.
Obama wenza ngisho ibhomu elinzima kunaBush II, futhi ithunyelwe Amandla akhethekile ase-US emazweni ayi-150 emhlabeni wonke, kodwa waqinisekisa ukuthi cishe konke ukopha nokufa kwenziwa ngama-Afghani, amaSyria, ama-Iraq, abaseSomalia, abaseLibya, abaseUkraine, abaseYemenis nabanye, hhayi abaseMelika. Lokho okushiwo abahleli baseMelika ngokuthi "ukungqubuzana okuphansi kokuqina" ukuthi kuncane kakhulu kubantu baseMelika.
UMengameli uGhani wase-Afghanistan usanda kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukubulawa kwebutho le-45,000 Afghan eliye labulawa kusukela ehhovisi lika 2014, uma kuqhathaniswa kuphela amasosha we-72 US kanye ne-NATO. "Kubonisa ukuthi ubani obelokhu elwa," kusho uGhani. Lokhu kuhlukana kuvamile kuyo yonke impi yamanje yase-US.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-US ayikho ngaphansi kokuzibophezela ekuzameni ukuchitha phansi ohulumeni abenqabayo nokuphikisa Ubukhosi bombuso wase-US, ikakhulukazi uma lawo mazwe anezinqolobane ezinkulu zamafutha. Akuyona into emangalisa ukuthi izinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuguqulwa kwamandla kahulumeni wase-US manje yi-Iran neVenezuela, amazwe amabili emazwe amane anamafutha amakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke (amanye aseSaudi Arabia nase-Iraq).
Ngokwenzayo, "ukungqubuzana okuphansi" kufaka amathuluzi amane wokushintsha kombuso: unswinyo noma impi yezomnotho; inkulumo-ze noma "Impi yolwazi"; i-covert ne-proxy impi; kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu. EVenezuela, i-US isetshenzisile okokuqala nowesibili, okwesithathu nowesine manje "etafuleni" kusukela kokuqala kokudala izidakamizwa kodwa kuze kube manje ayizange idlulise uhulumeni.
Uhulumeni wase-US uphikisane nokuvuswa kwezenhlalakahle yaseVenezuela kusukela ngesikhathi uHugo Chavez wakhethwa e-1998. Ngaphandle kwabaningi baseMelika, uChavez wayethandwa kakhulu ngabantu abampofu nabasebenzayo baseVenezuela ngenxa yezinhlelo zakhe ezingavamile eziphakamisa izigidi ebumpofu. Phakathi kwe-1996 ne-2010, izinga lokugqamile ubumpofu obunzimad kusuka ku-40% kuya ku-7%. Uhulumeni futhi ukhululekile ukuthuthukiswa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo, ukunciphisa ukufa kwezinsana ngesigamu, ukunciphisa izinga lokungondleki kusukela ku-21% kuya ku-5% labantu bese kuqeda ukungafundi. Lezi zinguquko zanikeza i-Venezuela izinga elingalingani lokungalingani esifundeni, ngokusekelwe kulo I-Gini coefficient.
Kusukela ukufa kukaChavez ku-2013, iVenezuela iye yaba yingxabano yezomnotho evela ekuhlanganyeleni kokuphathwa kabi kwehulumeni, inkohlakalo, ukuhlaselwa kanye nokuwa okunamandla entengo yamafutha. Imbonini yamafutha ihlinzeka nge-95% yezimpahla ze-Venezuela, ngakho-ke into yokuqala eVenezuela eyadingeka lapho amanani aphazamiseka ku-2014 yayiyizimali zomhlaba wonke ezihlanganisa ukungapheli okukhulu emabhajethi kahulumeni kanye nenkampani kazwelonke kawoyela. Inhloso yezinyathelo ze-US izigwegwe ukugcizelela inkinga yezomnotho ngokuphika iVenezuela ukufinyelela ohlelweni lwezezimali lwezwe lase-US elibhekene ne-US ukuze liqhubekele isikweletu esikhona futhi uthole imali entsha.
Ukuvimbela izimali ze-Citgo e-US futhi kunqanda iVenezuela imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka ngemali eyatholwa ngaphambili ekuthengisweni, ukuhlanzwa nokudayiswa kwephethiloli kumashayeli aseMelika. Umnotho wezezimali waseCanada u-Joe Emersberger ubalwe ukuthi izigwegwe ezintsha zeTrump zikhishwe ku-2017 kubiza iVenezuela $ 6 billion ngonyaka wabo wokuqala nje. Ngokulinganiselwe, izigwebo zase-US zenzelwe "Yenza umnotho ukhala" eVenezuela, njengoba nje uMengameli uNixon echaza umgomo wezinqumo ze-US ngokumelene neChile ngemuva kokuthi abantu bakhe bakhethwe uSalvador Allende ku-1970.
U-Alfred De Zayas uvakashele eVenezuela njengoMqophisicelo we-UN ngowezi-2017 futhi wabhala umbiko ojulile we-UN. Ugxeke ukuthembela eVenezuela emafutheni, ukuphatha kabi nenkohlakalo, kodwa uthole ukuthi "impi yezomnotho" eyenziwe yiMelika kanye nababambisene nayo iyibhebhethekisa kakhulu le nkinga. "Ukujeziswa kwezomnotho kwanamuhla nokuvinjelwa kuyafana nokuvinjelwa kwamadolobha asendulo," kubhala uDe Zayas. "Unswinyo lwekhulu lama-XNUMX luzama ukuletha hhayi kuphela idolobha, kodwa amazwe azimele emadolweni." Uphakamise ukuthi i-International Criminal Court kumele iphenye unswinyo lwaseMelika olubhekiswe eVenezuela njengobugebengu obenziwa esintwini. Enkulumweni yamuva nephephandaba i-Independent e-UK, uDe Zayas uphinde wathi izigwegwe zase-United States zibulala abaseVenezuela.
Umnotho waseVenezuela uye yanyuka cishe ingxenye kusukela ku-2014, ukuphambana okukhulu komnotho wanamuhla ngesikhathi sokuthula. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ibike ukuthi isilinganiso seVenezuela ilahlekelwe i-24 lb eyingqayizivele. ngesisindo somzimba ku-2017.
Umlandeli kaMnu De Zayas njengo-Rapporteur we-UN, u-Idriss Jazairy, okhishwe isitatimende ngoJanuwari 31st, lapho alahla khona “ukuphoqelelwa” ngabangaphandle njengokuthi “kwephula yonke imigomo yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba.” "Unswinyo ongaholela endlaleni kanye nokushoda kwezokwelapha akuyona impendulo enkingeni yaseVenezuela," kusho uMnu. Jazairy, "… ukubangela inkinga yezomnotho kanye nezenhlalakahle… akusona isisekelo sokuxazulula izingxabano ngokuthula."
Ngenkathi abaseVenezuela bebhekene nobuphofu, izifo ezivikelekayo, ukungondleki kanye nezinsongo ezivulekile zempi ngabasebenzi base-US, zona lezo zikhulu zase-US kanye nabaxhasi bazo babheka imayini yegolide engavimbeleki uma bengaguqa iVenezuela: ukuthengiswa komlilo imboni kawoyela ezinkampanini zikawoyela zakwamanye amazwe nokwenziwa kweminye imikhakha eminingi yomnotho wayo kube ngesasekhaya, kusukela ezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kuye ensimbi, i-aluminium, yebo, izimayini zangempela zegolide. Lokhu akukhona ukuqagela. Yilokho imbumbulu entsha yase-US, uJuan Guaido, kubike ukuthi uthembise abamsizi bakhe baseMelika uma behluleka ukubusa uhulumeni waseVenezuela futhi bamfake esigodlweni sikaMengameli.
Imithombo yemboni ye-Oyili baye babika ukuthi iGuido "inenhloso yokwethulwa komthetho omusha we-hydrocarbons kazwelonke omisa imigomo eguquguqukayo yezimali kanye nekhontrakthi yemiklamo ehambelana namaxabiso kawoyela kanye nomjikelezo wokutshala amafutha ... I-ejensi entsha ye-hydrocarbons izodalwa ukuhlinzekela ukukhishwa kwemiklamo yegesi yemvelo kanye ejwayelekile, enzima futhi eyengeziwe. "
Uhulumeni wase-US uthi usebenza kahle kubantu baseVenezuela, kodwa ngaphezulu Amaphesenti angu-80 wamaVenezuela, kuhlanganise nabaningi abangasisekeli i-Maduro, baphikisana nezigwegwe zezomnotho ezilimazayo, kuyilapho i-86% imelene ne-US noma ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe.
Lesi sizukulwane saseMelika sesivele sibonile ukuthi izigwegwe ezingapheli zikahulumeni, ukukhwabanisa kanye nezimpi ziye zasuka ezweni lonke emva kokuhlukunyezwa, ububha nobuxhwanguxhwangu. Njengoba imiphumela yale mikhankaso iye yaba yingozi kakhulu kubantu bezwe ngalinye elihlosiwe, izikhulu zaseMelika zikhuthaza futhi zifeze ibha ephakeme futhi ephakeme ukuze zihlangane njengoba zizama ukuphendula umbuzo ocacile womuntu ongenamathemba we-US kanye nomphakathi jikelele :
"I-Venezuela (noma i-Iran noma i-North Korea) ihluke kanjani e-Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, eSiriya nakwamanye amazwe e-63 lapho ukuguqulwa kukahulumeni wase-United States kuholele kuphela ubudlova nezinkathazo ezihlala njalo?"
IMexico, i-Uruguay, iVatican namanye amazwe amaningi zibophezele ekudidaneni ukusiza abantu baseVenezuela ukuxazulula ukungezwani kwabo kwezepolitiki futhi bathole indlela enokuthula phambili. Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu i-US engasiza ngayo ukuyeka ukwenza umnotho waseVenezuela nabantu baklabalase (kuzo zonke izinhlangothi), ngokususa unswinyo lwayo nokushiya ukusebenza koshintsho lwayo olwehlulekile noluyinhlekelele eVenezuela. Kepha okuwukuphela kwezinto ezizophoqelela ushintsho olukhulu kangaka kunqubomgomo yase-US ukuthukuthela komphakathi, imfundo nokuhlela, nobumbano lwamazwe nabantu baseVenezuela.
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