Ibhalwe nguThalif Deen, Isevisi ye-Inter Press
Ukuphepha kweNuclear kube yinto ehamba phambili kuMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama. / Credit:Eli Clifton/IPS
- Njengengxenye yefa lakhe lenuzi, uMongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama ufuna isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN (UNSC) okuhloswe ngawo ukuvimbela ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni wonke.
Lesi sinqumo, okusaxoxiswana ngaso ku-UNSC enamalungu angu-15, kulindeleke ukuthi samukelwe ngaphambi kokuba u-Obama aqede iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili engumongameli ngoJanuwari wonyaka ozayo.
Kwabangu-15, abahlanu bangamalungu agcwele e-veto futhi abangamazwe anamandla enuzi emhlabeni: i-US, Britain, France, China kanye neRussia.
Lesi siphakamiso, esokuqala sohlobo lwaso ku-UNSC, sidale inkulumompikiswano esabalele phakathi kwabakhankasi abamelene nezikhali zenuzi kanye nezishoshovu zokuthula.
UJoseph Gerson, uMqondisi we-Peace and Economic Security Programme e-American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), okuyinhlangano yamaQuaker egqugquzela ukuthula nobulungiswa, utshele i-IPS ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokubheka lesi sinqumo esihlongozwayo.
AmaRepublican eSenate yaseMelika azwakalise intukuthelo yokuthi u-Obama usebenzela ukuthi i-UN iqinise iComprehensive (Nuclear) Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), esho.
“Baze babeka icala lokuthi ngalesi sinqumo, weqa umthethosisekelo wase-US, odinga ukuthi iSenethi ligunyazwe izivumelwano. AmaRiphabhulikhi aphikisana nokugunyazwa kwe-CTBT kusukela (owayenguMongameli waseMelika) uBill Clinton asayina isivumelwano ngo-1996", wengeza.
Eqinisweni, nakuba umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kufanele ube umthetho wase-US, isinqumo uma siphasiswa ngeke samukelwe njengesithathe indawo yemfuneko yomthethosisekelo yokugunyazwa kwezivumelwano zeSigele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke siphambane nenqubo yomthethosisekelo, uGerson waphawula.
"Lokho isinqumo esizokwenziwa kuzobe kungukuqinisa i-CTBT kanye nokwengeza ukucwebezela esithombeni sika-Obama sokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi," kwengeza uGerson.
I-CTBT, eyamukelwa yi-UN General Assembly emuva ngo-1996, ayikaqali ukusebenza ngesizathu esisodwa esiyinhloko: amazwe ayisishiyagalombili abalulekile anqabile ukusayina noma azigodle iziqinisekiso zawo.
Abathathu abangakasayini - i-India, North Korea kanye nePakistan - kanye nabahlanu abangakagunyaza - i-United States, i-China, i-Egypt, i-Iran ne-Israel - basalokhu bengazibophezeli eminyakeni engu-20 kulandela ukwamukelwa kwesivumelwano.
Njengamanje, kunokuvinjelwa kokuzithandela kokuhlolwa okubekwe amazwe amaningi ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi. “Kodwa i-moratoria ayithatheli indawo ye-CTBT esebenzayo. Ukuhlola okune kwenyukliya okwenziwa yi-DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) kuwubufakazi balokhu,” kusho uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN uBan Ki-moon, umsekeli oqinile wokwehliswa kwezikhali zenuzi.
Ngaphansi kwezinhlinzeko ze-CTBT, isivumelwano asikwazi ukuqala ukusebenza ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwamazwe okugcina kwayisishiyagalombili abalulekile.
U-Alice Slater, onguMeluleki weNuclear Age Peace Foundation futhi okhonza eKomidini Lokuxhumanisa World Beyond War, utshele i-IPS: "Ngicabanga nje ukuthi kuyisiphazamiso esikhulu emgudwini oqhubekayo wezingxoxo zesivumelwano sokuvinjelwa okuwela kuMhlangano Jikelele we-UN."
Ukwengeza, waveza, ngeke kube nomthelela e-US lapho iSenethi kudingeka ukuthi ivume i-CTBT ukuze iqale ukusebenza lapha.
“Kuwumbhedo ukwenza noma yini nge-Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ngoba asiphelele futhi asikuvimbi ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi.”
Uchaze i-CTBT njengesinyathelo esiqinile sokungasakazeki manje, njengoba uClinton eyisayina “ngesithembiso kuDkt. Strangeloves wethu we-Stockpile Stewardship Programme okwathi ngemva kokuhlolwa okungaphansi kuka-26 e-Nevada Test Site lapho i-plutonium iqhunyiswa khona ngeziqhumane zamakhemikhali. kodwa ayinayo i-chain reaction."
Ngakho-ke uClinton uthe kwakungezona izivivinyo zenuzi, okuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwelebhu yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezinkundla ezimbili zebhola i-National Ignition Facility e-Livermore Lab, kuholele ekubikezelweni okusha kwe-trillion eyodwa yamadola eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu yezimboni ezintsha zamabhomu, amabhomu. nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidingo e-US, kusho u-Slater.
U-Gerson utshele i-IPS ukuthi umbiko we-Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) mayelana nokuChithwa kwezikhali Zenuzi uzocutshungulwa kuseshini yoMhlangano Jikelele ozayo.
I-US kanye namanye amandla enuzi aphikisana neziphetho zokuqala zalowo mbiko okhuthaza i-General Assembly ukuthi igunyaze ukuqaliswa kwezingxoxo ku-UN mayelana nesivumelwano sokuqeda izikhali zenuzi ngo-2017, wengeza.
Okungenani, ngokwazisa umphakathi ngesinqumo se-CTBT UN, abaphathi baka-Obama sebevele bephazamisa ukunaka e-United States ohlelweni lwe-OEWG, kusho uGerson.
“Ngokufanayo, nakuba u-Obama engase akhuthaze ukuthi kudalwe ikhomishini “yeribhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” ukwenza izincomo zokuxhasa ngezimali izikhali zenuzi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisigidi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidingo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ikhava yokunciphisa kodwa kungaqedi lokhu kusetshenziswa kwemali, ngiyangabaza ukuthi uzokwenza kanjalo. isinyathelo sokuqeda imfundiso yesiteleka sokuqala saseMelika, okubikwa ukuthi nayo icutshungulwa nayizikhulu eziphezulu zokuphatha.”
Ukube u-Obama ubengayala ukuthi kuqedwe imfundiso yesiteleka sokuqala saseMelika, bekuzofaka udaba oluyindida okhethweni lukamongameli, futhi u-Obama akafuni ukwenza lutho ukubukela phansi umkhankaso ka-Hillary Clinton ebhekene nengozi yokhetho lukaTrump. kwaphikisana.
"Ngakho-ke, futhi, ngokucindezela nokwazisa ngesinqumo se-CTBT, ukunaka komphakathi wase-US kanye namazwe ngamazwe kuzophazamiseka ekuhlulekeni ukuguqula imfundiso yempi yesiteleka sokuqala."
Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi, u-Obama uhlela futhi ukumemezela inqubomgomo yenuzi “nokusetshenziswa kokuqala” (NFU). Lokhu kuzoqinisa ukuzibophezela kwe-US ukuthi ingalokothi isebenzise izikhali zenuzi ngaphandle uma zidedelwa yisitha.
Esitatimendeni esikhishwe ngo-Agasti 15, i-Asia-Pacific Leadership Network for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, "ikhuthaze i-US ukuthi yamukele inqubomgomo yenuzi ethi "Ungasebenzisi Okokuqala" futhi yacela abalingani basePacific ukuthi bayisekele."
NgoNhlolanja odlule, u-Ban wazisola ngokuthi akakwazanga ukufeza enye yezinhloso zakhe zezombangazwe ezazifuna ukuvelela kanye nezingaqondakali: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CTBT iyaqala ukusebenza.
"Lo nyaka uhlanganisa iminyaka engu-20 kusukela kwavulwa ukusayinwa," esho, eveza ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-nuclear yakamuva okwenziwe yiDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) - okwesine kusukela ngo-2006 - "kukhubaza kakhulu ukuphepha kwesifunda futhi kubaluleke kakhulu. ibukela phansi imizamo yamazwe ngamazwe yokunqanda ukwanda.”
Manje yisikhathi, ephikisana naye, sokwenza umfutho wokugcina ukuze kuvikelwe ukungena kwe-CTBT ekusebenzeni, kanye nokuzuza umhlaba wonke.
Okwamanje, izifundazwe kufanele zicabangele ukuthi zingaqiniswa kanjani ukunqanyulwa kwe-defacto ekuhlolweni kwenuzi, weluleka, "ukuze kungabikho umbuso ongasebenzisa isimo samanje se-CTBT njengezaba zokwenza isivivinyo senuzi."
