Ngo-Pat Elder, ngo-Ephreli 27, 2020
Kusukela Ukuvezwa kwezombusazwe
Uhlelo lokuncishiswa komlilo endizeni lukhiphe isisulu esikhulu sogwebu lokucisha umlilo olunesihlungu eMarine Corps Air Station Futenma e-Okinawa ngo-Ephreli 10.
I-foam iqukethe i-perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, noma i-PFOS, ne-perfluoro octanoic acid, noma i-PFOA. Izidladla ezinkulu ezinamagagasi athululelwe emfuleni wendawo kanye namafulegi anjengamafu abonwa ezintanta ngaphezu kwamamitha angaphezu komhlaba futhi zihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Isigameko esifanayo senzeka ngoDisemba lapho uhlelo lokucindezela umlilo lubuyisa ngephutha igwebu elifanayo lesidumbu. Ukukhishwa kwamuva okunobuthi kuye kwayicasula intukuthelo yase-Okinawan kuhulumeni ophambili waseJapan nasebuthweni laseMelika ngokuvuza kaningi kwamakhemikhali anobuthi kusuka ezansi.
Amakhemikhali ayaziwa ukuthi anegalelo kuma-testicular, isibindi, amabele kanye nomdlavuza wezinso, kanye nezifo eziningi zezingane kanye nokulimazeka kwengane esekhulile. Ukwenziwa kwabo nokungenisa ngaphakathi ezweni akuvunyelwe eJapan kusukela ngo-2010. Amanzi okuphuza e-Okinawa aqukethe izinto eziphakeme kakhulu.
The Okinawa Times futhi I-Military Times bika ukuthi amalitha amagwebu angu-143,830 ephuphukile kulesi sisekelo aphalaze amalitha angama-227,100 akhishwe ku-hangar. The Asahi Shimbun yaseTokyo kubikwa ukuthi kuphunyuke amalitha ayi-14.4, kungenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokukhishwa.
Ngo-Ephreli 18 izikhulu zaseJapan zavunyelwa ukufinyelela kulesi sikhungo, okokuqala ngqa ukunikezwa selokhu kwahlinzekwa selokhu kuhlinzekwe isivumelwano sokungezelela ezemvelo esivumelwaneni seJapan-US Status of Forces Agreement siqale ukusebenza ngo-2015. Lesi sivumelwano sithi uhulumeni waseJapan noma omasipala bendawo "Angacela" imvume ohlangothini lwase-US ukwenza ucwaningo.
Kuthintwa nohulumeni basekhaya base-Okinawa noma oGinowan ukuze bajoyine lolu phenyo. Ngesikhathi ebuzwa ukuthi kungani izikhulu zase-Okinawan zingekho, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela eJapan uTaro Kono uphendule wathi lokhu kube yiphutha likahulumeni wezwe laseJapan, ngokusho Asahi Shimbun yaseTokyo
Isikhulu sokuqala sase-Okinawan savunyelwa ukungena kwiFutenma ngo-Ephreli 21.
Iziphathimandla ezempi zase-US nezikhulu zikahulumeni waseJapan ngokusobala zifuna ukugcina umphakathi othukuthele wase-Okinawan ekutholeni isithombe esiphelele sokwakheka kwezinhlelo zokucindezelwa kwe-hangar.
Endabeni yomlilo wendiza e-hangar, amamitha amahlanu obuthi obulalayo angakwazi ukumboza izindiza ngemizuzu emibili. Lapho amadola ayizigidi eziyikhulu, atshale imali endizeni eyodwa esengozini, akunzima ukucabanga ukucabanga kwezimali okushayela le ndlela eyeqisayo yokuvikela impahla. Igwebu, eliqukethe “amakhemikhali angapheliyo,” liwucima kalula umlilo osuselwa uphethiloli kodwa futhi lingcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhambisa indle ngezinga elibulalayo lapho likhishwa ku-hangar. Amasosha ase-US ayawazisa ama-jet Fighters ngaphezulu kwempilo yabantu kanye nemvelo.
Okinawans kudingeka kuphela bukela le vidiyo yohlelo lokucindezela eMcGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base, eKnoxville, eTennessee ukufakazela ukuhlaselwa kobugebengu kuMama uMhlaba nakwizizukulwane ezizayo zezinhlobo zethu:
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esisekelo seTennessee amamitha angama-60 ngaphansi komhlaba atholakala aqukethe 7,355 ppt yezinhlobo ezi-6 zezinto ezi-per- ne-poly fluoroalkyl izinto, (PFAS), ezedlula kakhulu imihlahlandlela ye-ejensi yokuvikela imvelo. Amanzi angaphezulu kwesisekelo aqukethe i-p828 ppt yePOSOS nePCA. Lo Foam we-carcinogenic uvunyelwe ukungena kuzinhlelo zombili zokuthuthwa kwendle nezokuthuthwa kwendle. Kutholakale amazinga afanayo we-carcinogens e-Okinawa. Ngamafuphi, amabutho ase-US agcina izitsha zangasese eziyimfucumfucu zingena emfuleni wamanzi aseTennessee, Okinawa, nakwezinye izindawo zomhlaba wonke.
UTomohiro Yara, omele iNational Diet evela e-Okinawa, uveze isimo somphakathi wase-Okinawan lapho ethi, "Uhulumeni wase-US kumele abhekane ngokugcwele nokuhlanza inhlabathi namanzi kunoma iyiphi indawo yezempi phesheya kwezilwandle. Kufanele sivikele imvelo yawo wonke umuntu osemhlabeni. ”
Uhulumeni omkhulu waseJapan, osesimweni sokuthonya isimilo saseMelika, ulele esondweni ngokwehluleka ukubuza ukuthi kungani impi yase-US izimisele ukusebenzisa amagwebu abulalayo uma sekubuyiselwe indawo efanele futhi isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke.
UKono uthe izikhulu zaseMelika ziyaqhubeka nokubheka ukuthi kuvuza kanjani, kube sengathi abaseMelika abaqinisekanga. Sizwa lezi zaba ezifanayo ezingenangqondo njalo lapho beveza ubuthi babo ngokunganaki emhlabeni wethu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, izikhulu zikahulumeni waseJapan zidlala kanye nomdlalo we-DOD we sengathi ufuna izixazululo zokucima umlilo uma sezivele zikhona.
UKono ulinganise umugqa wase-US lapho ethi kungenzeka kube yisikhashana ngaphambi kokutholwa esikhundleni kwe-non-PFAS, ethi uhulumeni waseJapan kuye kwadingeka ukuthi acele izinkampani zaseJapan ukuthi zenze enye indawo futhi azovala ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kungene enye esikhundleni sayo. . Ngaphandle kokuqonda amasosha ase-US acashile, abantu abaningi eJapan bangavuma ukumkholelwa.
Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yomkhankaso wenkohliso we-DOD. Bakhiqiza ukungabi nanqondo njengokuthi, Amakhemikhali Wokucwaninga Kwamafutha we-Naval Sesha Foam Yokucima Umlilo engenzi Amandla e-PFAS. I-DOD isabalalisa ukulandisa mayelana "nokusesha" kwabo, ngoba bethi amagwebu angenawo u-fluorine atholakalayo manje emakethe akuzona ezinye izindlela ezifanele ezithinta amagwebu wesifo emzimbeni abawasebenzisa njengamanje ekuzijobeni nakwizimo eziphuthumayo.
Umbutho wamasosha aseMelika uyazi ukuthi la makhemikhali anobuthi ezizukulwaneni ezimbili. Bangcolise ukubhukuda komhlaba okukhulu ngenkathi bezisebenzisa, futhi bazoqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa kuze kube baphoqeleka ukuba bayeke. Iningi lomhlaba liye lahamba ngaphezu kwamagciwane abangela umdlavuza futhi seliqale ukusebenzisa amagwebu angenawo umfutho ongajwayelekile owenziwa ngamasosha ngenkathi amasosha ase-US anamathela kuma-carcinogen awo.
I-International Civil Aviation Organisation igunyaze amagwebu angenawo ama-fluorine amaningi (aziwa ngokuthi yi-F3) athi afana nokusebenza kwegagasi lokwenza ifilimu elinamanzi (i-AFFF) elalisetshenziswa empini yase-US. Ama-foof F3 asetshenziswa kabanzi ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba jikelele ezinjengeDubai, iDortmund, iStuttgart, iLondon Heathrow, iManchester, Copenhagen, ne-Auckland Koln, neBonn. Zonke izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu e-Australia ziguqukele ku-F27 foams. Izinkampani zemikhakha ezimele ezisebenzisa i-F3 foams zifaka i-BP ne-ExxonMobil.
Kodwa-ke i-DOD iyaqhubeka nokulimaza impilo yabantu, ukuze bazenzele bona. Basanda kushicilela a Umbiko we-TAS Force Work Progress Report, ihlelwe ukuhlanganisa umphakathi ngenkathi iqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinto ezibulalayo. Bazitshela ukuthi banezinhloso ezintathu: (1) ukunciphisa nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwethambo le-carcinogenic; (2) ukuqonda imithelela ye-PFAS empilweni yabantu; futhi (3) zifeze umsebenzi wazo wokuhlanza ohlobene nePFAS. Kungumshini.
I-DOD ayikhombisanga nqubekela phambili “ekunciphiseni nasekuqedeni” ukusetshenziswa kwegwebu. IPentagon ayinaki isayensi ngemuva kwalokhu okushintshiwe ngenkathi inomuzwa wohlelo oluqinile lokuthuthukisa amagwebu aphephile. Baye babona umthelela omubi empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo yezizukulwane ezimbili. Umbutho wamasosha aseMelika uhlanza ingxenyana encane nje yezimo abazenzile emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukube ababusi baseFutenma babephatheke kabi ngokuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nokuhlanza i-PFAS e-Okinawa, bebeyohlola amanzi esiqhingini sonke, kufaka phakathi amanzi esiphepho namanzi angcolile avela kumasayithi angcolisiwe. Bebeyohlola i-biosolids kanye ne-sewer sludge. Futhi babevivinya ukudla kwasolwandle nemikhiqizo yezolimo.
Umbiko we-Progress Report we-Pentagon ubuyekeze inqubomgomo yokuhlanzisisa imvelo yaphesheya kwe-DOD futhi yanquma ukuthi iDoD ithatha "isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe imithelela enkulu empilweni yabantu nokuphepha ngenxa yemisebenzi yeDoD futhi ihambisane nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke." Akumangazi lapho. I-DOD ibilokhu izinikeza amamaki aphezulu kubuphathi bemvelo.
Ngokudabukisayo, asikwazi ukubheka kuCongress ukuthi sinikeze ukwengamela mayelana nokuziphatha budlabha kwe-DOD. Cabanga ngalokhu 2020 Umthetho Kazwelonke Wokugunyazwa Kokuvikela okunikeza amasosha inkululeko yokusebenzisa amagwebu abulalayo unomphela.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023 iNavy iyadingeka ukuthi ithuthukise i-ejensi yokulwa nomlilo engasebenzisi u-fluorine (lapho lawo ma-ejenti alwa nomlilo esevele ekhona) ukuze asetshenziswe kuzo zonke ukufakwa kwezempi futhi aqinisekise ukuthi iyatholakala ngo-2025. I-Flourine-free foam izoba edingekayo kukho konke ukufakwa kwamasosha aseMelika ngemuva kukaSepthemba 25, 2025. Kodwa-ke, amasosha angaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amagwebu wesidumbu uma ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuthathwa ngokuthi "kuyadingeka ukuvikela impilo nokuphepha." I-NDAA ayisho ngokuqondile ukuthi busetshenziselwa yiphi impilo nokuphepha. Ngokuthola indlela yabo emhlabeni, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi bakhathazekile kuphela “ngempilo kanye nokuphepha” kwamalungu enkonzo yaseMelika nabancike kubo. Futhi abazivikeli lezo zimpilo kwi-PFAS yabo.
Amasosha kumele ahlinzeke kwiCongress "ukuhlaziywa kwabantu abangahle babe nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-foam eyakha ifilimu efudumele" nokuthi kungani izinzuzo zokuqhubeka kokusebenzisa ubuthi zidlula umthelela ongemuhle kubantu abanje. Akufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi amabutho akhiphe umbiko onjalo, okusho ukuthi ama-Okinawans kanye nezizukulwane zawo angalindela ukuthi kugwetshwe unomphela. Ama-PFAS asezingeni eliphansi angaguqula iDNA.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NDAA izoqhubeka nokuvumela ukukhishwa kwe-AFFF ngenhloso yezimpendulo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinsiza kusebenza noma ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, “uma kukhona okugcwele, ukuthwebula, kanye nezindlela zokulahla okufanele zikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayikho i-AFFF ekhishwa imvelo. ” Kwenzeka kanjani-ke lokho, ukuthi kufezwe ngezinhlelo zokunciphisela ngaphezulu zilahla amalitha amagwebu angama-227,000 ngemizuzu embalwa?
Isenzo somhlangano kanye nesitembu senjoloba i-PFAS Task Force kugcizelela isimo se-cavalier esivezwe nguDavid Steele, umphathi weFutenma Air Base, othe mayelana nokukhululwa kwakamuva kwethambo lesidumbu e-Okinawa, "Uma lina, lizoncipha."
Ngibonga uJoe Essertier ngokuhlela kwakhe nokuphawula.
Pat Umdala a World BEYOND War Ilungu lebhodi kanye nentatheli ephenyayo nge ezombhalo.ve, inhlangano evela eCamp Lejeune, NC elandelela ukungcoliswa kwamasosha.
