I-US Military Iwuhlelo Olukhulu Kunawo Wonke “Uhulumeni Omkhulu” Elufanele Emhlabeni

Umnotho wase-US ubanjwe ogibeni. Lolo gibe uMnyango Wezokuvikela: iwikhethi enamathela ngokuqhubekayo ethembele ekwabiweni kabusha konyaka, kwamadola ayizigidigidi zamadola omcebo oqoqwe nguhulumeni. Eqinisweni, wuhlelo olukhulu “lukahulumeni omkhulu” emhlabeni, kalula eshaya ngaphandle Ibutho Lenkululeko Yabantu YaseShayina ngakho kokubili usayizi nezindleko. Akuyona kuphela "umqashi omkhulu wesizwe,” enabantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.867 abaholayo njengamanje, kodwa futhi inikeza izinzuzo zikahulumeni kwabathatha umhlalaphansi abayizigidi ezingu-2 namalungu emindeni yabo. Futhi ikhetha abawinile bemboni ezimele ngokukhomba izigidigidi zamadola eqenjini elikhethekile losonkontileka abafuna inzuzo.

Abamukeli abaphezulu abahlanu abaphezulu bebonke bakhiphe imali eyizigidigidi eziyi-109.5 ngo-FY2016, futhi amaqembu abo abusa njalo kuhulumeni. uhlu losonkontileka abahamba phambili abayi-100. Bavuna lokhu kukhula kwaminyaka yonke ngohlelo olufana ne-Rube-Goldberg lokuthonya abathengisi, iminyango ejikelezayo kanye nama-boondoggles axhaswe abakhokhi bentela abasaphazayo. Okokugcina, konke kufaneleka ngempendulo ebulalayo yempi engapheli ebikezelwa ekuhlinzekeni okubikezelwe kwe-blowback.

Kodwa lo mshini wemali olwisanayo awugcini nje ukukhiqiza ukungenelela okungahleliwe kanye nobambiswano oluyithunzi olunezinhlobonhlobo ze-motley zamadoda aqinile, ama-proxies nama-frenemies. Kuphinde kube noMalume uSam obanjwe umjikelezo oyinqaba wokuncika okuxhaswa ngabakhokhi bentela okungase kube wuhlelo lwemisebenzi olumba eqolo - futhi olungakhiqizi kangako emlandweni wesintu.

Lelo qiniso lagxila ku-June 14, 2017. Yilapho u-Donald J. Trump ahlanganyela khona ngentshiseko kwelinye lamasiko ahlonishwa kakhulu ehhovisi likamongameli: wadayisela umbuso wangaphandle izikhali. Kulokhu kwaba a Isivumelwano sika-$12 billion ukudayisa izindiza zokulwa ezingama-36 F-15QA esifundazweni esincane sikaphethiloli saseQatar. Futhi ngomzuzwana ongahlosiwe weqiniso, inxusa le-Qatari elijabulisayo e-US tweeted isithombe sokusayina:

Ngezinhlamvu ezingaphansi kwe-140, iNxusa u-Meshal bin Hamad al-Thani udalule ugibe lokuthi uMalume uSam othela u- $ 1 trillion unyaka ngamunye emnothweni wenzuzo enciphayo engancishiswa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwemali okwengeziwe kwezikhali kanye nokungenelela okwengeziwe kwezempi okuthunaza izifunda eziningi. okubuye kubangele ukuthengwa okwengeziwe kwezikhali kokubili ekhaya naphesheya.

Lokhu kufakwa kukahulumeni okuqondile kwezimali embonini enkulu yezokuvikela eyinkimbinkimbi akuzuzisi izinhlangano kanye nabanikazi bamasheya kuphela, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi abenza amathangi, izindiza, amabhomu, izigqoko, izicathulo, ama-epaulets, amabhandeshi, ukudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini nakho konke okunye. lokho kuhamba ekugcineni amandla ezempi ase-US.

Kungakho uMongameli uTrump ngokwakhe wakhala ngokuthi “imisebenzi, imisebenzi, imisebenzi” ngemva kokusayina a Isivumelwano sokuvikela esingu-$110 billion nomakhelwane weQatar ngesikhathi evakashele eSaudi Arabia edansa inkemba. Kungakho futhi inkulumo ethi “imisebenzi, imisebenzi, imisebenzi” ibalulekile ohlelweni lukaTrump ukwandisa kakhulu i-US Navy. Kungakho “imisebenzi” iyindawo yokuqala yokuthengisa emizamweni yakhe yokuphatha ukuze “hlehlisa” Ukuthunyelwa kwe-US kwezikhali nemishini yezempi phesheya kwezilwandle. Lesi simo singase sibize ngokuthi "i-Mitary Keynesianism."

Ukuthatha ama-Keynes Out of Keynesianism

Isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani uJohn Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) sakha imibono yakhe engaziwa ye-macroeconomic ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwe-Great Depression. Kalula nje, i-Keynesianism ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemali kukahulumeni (okuvame ukusekelwa ukuboleka imali eningi) ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhula komnotho, ukunciphisa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, noma ukumane kusimamise umnotho kanye nezimakethe zezabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwemijikelezo yebhizinisi yonxiwankulu. U-Keynes ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwemali eshodayo ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinguquko futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqinisa isidingo esicashile.

Lokho kugcizelela ekungeneleleni kukahulumeni, kanye nomthelela kaKeynes ngoMongameli uFranklin Delano Roosevelt futhi ku-New Deal yenza i-Keynesianism yaba umgomo oyinhloko wangemva kwempi wezishoshovu ezilondolozayo, ezazikholelwa ukuthi kwakunjalo kufana ne-socialism.

Empeleni, osomnotho abaningi bayavumelana uKeynes akhuthaza ukuthi uhulumeni angenelele sindisa capitalism kusukela i-socialism. Yini Keynes akenzanga I-advocate yayiwukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zezempi ukuze kuzuzwe umsebenzi owengeziwe wezomnotho. Washo kanjalo ngo an incwadi ecashunwa kaningi kuya ku-FDR ngo-1933:

Esikhathini esedlule i-orthodox finance ibithatha impi njengezaba ezisemthethweni zokudala amathuba omsebenzi ngezindleko zikahulumeni. Wena, Mnu. Mongameli, njengoba usulahle izibopho ezinjalo, ukhululekile ukuzibandakanya ezintshisakalweni zokuthula nempumelelo inqubo ebivunyelwe kuze kube manje ukuthi isebenze izinjongo zempi nokubhubhisa.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi, leyo "orthodoxy edlule" yiyona kanye iReagan Revolution eyabuyisela lapho "inqoba" i-Keynesianism ngo-1980.

Njengomsekeli wezomnotho we-neoliberal kaMilton Friedman, uRonald Reagan uthe "uhulumeni bekungesona isixazululo, bekuyinkinga." Uphinde wenza ukusikeka okukhulu “kuhulumeni,” okubizwa nangokuthi “izwe lenhlalakahle.” Kodwa uReagan mkhulu ukwakha amasosha ngandlela thize wagwema ilebula “esabekayo” ethi “uhulumeni,” futhi kanjalo, ukusikeka. Eqinisweni, ku-twist ye-Keynesian, ukuboleka kukhuphuke kakhulu ukusiza ukuxhasa ukukhuliswa kwezempi ngaphansi kwe-Reagan. Imisebenzi yadalwa embonini yokuvikela ibhaluni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zesifunda ezifana ne-Southern California.

Ngaleso sikhathi, osomnotho kugxekwa Ukwakhiwa kwamasosha kaReagan njengendlela “engasebenzi kahle” yoku umsebenzi onzima. Futhi kusabhekwa njengokungasebenzi kahle - yisazi sezomnotho e- ISt. Louis Federal Reserve, ngumcabangi wenkululeko Veronica de Rugy kanye nesazi UHeidi Garrett-Peltier we Izindleko Zephrojekthi Yezempi. Kodwa bayizihlubuki eziyivelakancane ngokumelene ne-US orthodoxy. Selokhu kwathi nhlo uReagan wathatha isikhundla se-Keynesianism yendabuko wafaka inguqulo yezikhali eyamukela kabuhlungu umqondo “wempi njengesona sizathu esisemthethweni sokudala amathuba omsebenzi ngezindleko zikahulumeni.”

Futhi nakuba abagxeki abanonya be-Keynesianism besayihleka njengokuthi “i-socialism” kanye “nokungenelela kukahulumeni,” kuyivelakancane ingxabano yezimali ehlasela ukwabiwa kabusha kwengcebo kukaMalume Sam minyaka yonke ukuze kusimame uhlelo lukahulumeni olukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokufana nevelakancane uklebe lwesabelomali ongalucwilisi uqhwaku lwalo ekujuleni, i-Keynesian pool yezimali zomphakathi uma kufika isikhathi sokugcwalisa uMthetho Wokugunyazwa Kwezokuvikela Kazwelonke ngamadola entela. Emalungwini amaningi eCongress, ukuvotela ithangi, indiza yokulwa noma ukunwetshwa kwesisekelo nakho kuyivoti elibalulekile ukufaka imali emaphaketheni abavoti.

Ukunqoba kokugcina kwalokhu kuyiqiniso kwacaciswa ngo-2009 lapho "inkululeko," eyasungulwa nguJohn Podesta. Isikhungo Sokuthuthuka KwaseMelika ishicilelwe a imemo enamakhasi ayisishiyagalolunye ephakamisa izindlela ezithi “Ukusebenzisa Imali Kwezempi Kungakhulisa Umnotho Wesizwe.” Umhlaziyi wezokuvikela owaziwayo uLawrence Korb wayengumbhali oholayo wale memo. Ibhala ngemuva kwe-Great Crash yango-2008, u-Korb kanye no-Co. bakhuthaze ukwanda kwezindleko zezempi njengendlela "yokweqa umnotho" ngokutshala izimali kukahulumeni. izindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile:

1. Ukwanda kokubuthwa ebuthweni lezempi njengendlela yokuphepha yamandla okusebenza ngokweqile;

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zokwakha eduze kwenethiwekhi enkulu yezisekelo kanye nezinsiza zokuthuthukisa ukuqashwa;

3. Ukuthengwa kwezikhali nemishini njenge- de facto ukudlulela kosonkontileka nezinkampani ukuze banikeze imali engenayo kubasebenzi baseMelika.

Ngamanye amazwi, laba bahlaziyi “abakhululekile” bahlongoza ukushushumbiswa kwezimali zomphakathi ngesabelomali sezokuvikela kanye nomnotho. Imibono yabo, yebo, yayingemisha; iqiniso malitshelwe, yilokho isabelomali sezokuvikela esikwenzile amashumi eminyaka, ngenxa yokuzimisela ukusabalalisa ingcebo ngokukhululekile.

Supply Chains That Bond

Uhlelo lwe-F-35 jet luyi-avatar yokugcina ye-Keynesianism yezempi. Indiza, ekhiqizwe yinhlangano enkulu yezempi nezokuphepha i-Lockheed Martin, iyinhlangano Indiza engu-$406 billion ukuthi kuncisha umoya abashayeli bezindiza, ulwa nesimo sezulu esingesihle, abanolwazi lokusha kwenjini futhi izobiza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 1 trillion nje ukusebenza nokusekela.

Noma kunjalo ama-boondoggles njengohlelo lwe-F-35 luhamba ngenqubo yesabelomali njengama-zombies angavimbeki adla ubuchopho bosopolitiki nabakhi benqubomgomo. Yize kungangabazeki ukuthi izigidi zamaRandi ekunxenxeni izinkampani zidlala indima enkulu, akusona isizathu kuphela esenza amaphrojekthi anjengalena enzeka. Kuphinde kube yimisebenzi, iziphukuphuku. Abuze ukhumanda wamabutho.

Ekuqaleni, uMongameli Trump "slammed” Indiza ka-Lockheed ekhungathekile njengokuthi “indlela, emuva kakhulu kwesimiso” kanye “nezigidigidi eziningi zamaRandi phezu kwesabelomali.” Ephendula, u-Lockheed ufake “izingxoxo” ukuze ehlise izindleko zendiza ngayinye. Umphathi we-Lockheed uthembise ukuthi isivumelwano sakhe "esisha" "sizodala imisebenzi emisha engu-1,800" eTexas. I-F-35 isivele iqashe i-38,900 Texans futhi, njenge-LA Times wabonisa, "i-supply chain ithinta izifunda ezingama-45." Uyabona, konke kumayelana nama-supply chain. Lokho kuchaza i-tweet yenxusa laseQatari mayelana nemisebenzi “engama-60,000” ezifundazweni “ezingama-42” ngemuva kokuba izwe lakhe lithenge ama-F-36QA angama-15. Iphinde ichaze ukuthi isabelomali sezokuvikela esihlakazeke kabanzi sidala kanjani izindawo zokuvota ezifundeni zikakhongolose ezweni lonke.

NjengoChicago Tribune kubika, i-Georgia, i-California, i-Arizona ne-Florida zijoyina i-Texas “ekudlaleni izindima eziphambili ekuhloleni nasekukhiqizeni” i-F-35. Futhi uchungechunge lwayo oluhlaba umxhwele luxhumanisa “abahlinzeki basekhaya abangaphezu kuka-1,250” “abakhiqiza izinkulungwane zezinto.” Lapho u-Lockheed ememezela ukukhishwa kwayo isivumelwano esingekho emthethweni ukushefa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-728 emalini yakamuva "ibhethri” kwabangu-90, uTrump uphinde waveza eyakhe indima ebalulekile ekutholeni “imisebenzi” eyengeziwe … sibonga i-F-35!

Manje uTrump ungumshisekeli we-F-35 ogcwele ngokugcwele, ukhuphukela endimeni yokuthengisa okucatshangwa ukuthi "engabonakali” indiza, futhi i-Japan iyikhasimende lakhe lakamuva. Nakuba uNdunankulu waseJapane u-Abe "ebuyele emuva," Kusho uTrump U-Abe wayezobe “ethenga inqwaba yezikhali zempi, njengoba kufanele.” Uhlu lokuthenga lwaluhlanganisa i-F-35 kanye nemicibisholo “yezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene,” futhi, vele, lokhu kuthenga okukhulu kusho “imisebenzi eminingi yethu (e-United States) kanye nokuphepha okuningi eJapane.”

Ngakho-ke, ingabe lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-F-35 ibe nkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingahluleka? Ingabe ngempela kumayelana nokwenza izindiza? Ngokuqinisekile akuyona indaba yamandla ezempi. I-US isivele ibuse esibhakabhakeni, futhi ikusasa lempi yasemoyeni lihamba ngesivinini esikhulayo libheke kumarobhothi abulalayo endizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isidingo sokusebenzisa amandla ezempi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kukawoyela ezimbonini nasezimotweni zase-US kuyaqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo. I-US isiphenduke umkhiqizi jikelele wama-hydrocarbons, futhi i-specter ezayo "yamafutha aphezulu" ithathelwe indawo nethuba lokushona kwelanga "lokufunwa okuphezulu" - nokuthi kufika isiqongo enanini likawoyela imakethe yomhlaba wonke idinga ngokuyisisekelo isusa isisekelo esihamba phambili seminyaka engama-70 yombuso waseMelika.

Njengoba imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ingancintisani kuphela izindleko kodwa futhi ikhethwa, umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi kuyoze kube nini kunengqondo ukumisa I-Fifth Fleet e-Bahrain noma ukuzulazula oLwandle i-South China ukuze inselele isimangalo sase-China indawo enothe ngowoyela. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuqhubeka ngokusemthethweni "i-Trump Build-Up", i-US iqhubekela phambili emodelini hhayi kuphela esekelwe ku-Keynesianism yezempi enganakekile ngokwezomnotho, kodwa futhi nasendleleni yezokuphepha yezwe enciphayo okungenzeka yona ngokwayo ibe i-boondoggle.

Kukhulu Kakhulu Ukungaphumeleli?

I-US izimele yodwa njengombuso ohlanganisa umhlaba wonke onezisekelo ezingama-787 phesheya kwezilwandle, "i-pad lily” ukuthunyelwa kanye nezinsiza zezwe ezisingathwa emazweni nasezifundeni ezingama-88, ngokwezibalo zakamuva isazi uDavid Vine. Ekhaya, usesho lwe-Google Amamephu kwembula ezinye izisekelo ezingama-603, amadepho, izikhali kanye nezindawo zamasosha ahlukahlukene zagcwala izifundazwe ezingama-50. I-US ibusa umhlaba, ulwandle nesibhakabhaka, futhi inyakaza ukubusa indawo.

Lo mbuso awuzange ufike phansi. A 2008 cwaningo by I-Nuclear Threat Initiative beka inani “lakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1996” ku-$18.7 trillion egcwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwehle ngokukodwa kokuthathu phakathi nawo wonke ama-'90s, kodwa ngokusho kwe- meta-ucwaningo ngoMkhandlu Wezobudlelwano Nangaphandle, "isabelo se-US semali yezempi yomhlaba wonke yehle ngamaphesenti ayisithupha kuphela." Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokubili "amaphuzu aphansi” ngo-1998 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-296.7) nango-1999 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-298.4), i-US yalondoloza inzuzo yayo enkulu kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-21.

Leyo nzuzo yaba yimbi njengoba isabelomali senziwe ibhaluni ukulwa “nempi yobuphekula” ehlanganisa umhlaba wonke. Ngo-2017, i-US yachitha ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-611 kwisabelomali sezokuvikela kuphela, ikhipha kalula imali abachitha imali abayisishiyagalombili abakhulu behlangene. Ngo-2018, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuzoshaya $ 700 billion. Futhi, lapho uxhaso lwempi, izikhali zenuzi, imisebenzi yezobunhloli, ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nezinzuzo zamakadebona kufakwa, real isamba sonyaka sabo bonke”okuhlobene nokuzivikela” ukusebenzisa imali njalo kudlula u-$1 trillion. Konke okushiwo, izimpi zase-US "ze-post-9/11 zizoba ngaphezu kwe- $ 5.6 trillion ekupheleni konyaka wezimali ka-2018," ngokusho kwe-Costs of War Project.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iRussia yachitha nje $ 69.2 billion kwezempi yayo ngo-2016, futhi lelo nani lehla laya $ 49.2 billion ngo-2017. Ngakho-ke isabelomali sezempi saseRussia sincane kakhulu kunesamba ($80 billion) ICongress yengeze isabelomali salo nyaka samasosha ase-US. Ngaleso sikhathi, iChina yachitha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yalokho okwachithwa yi-US ngo-2017 ngesabelomali $ 151.43 billion. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uhulumeni waseChina etshala imali i-supercomputing, AI, i-biotech futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngamadola ayizigidigidi “Ibhande kanye nomgwaqo” uhlelo olwakha ingqalasizinda amanye amazwe, i-US ithululela imali kuhlelo lwemisebenzi olungakhiqizi imikhiqizo yabathengi, olungakhi kabusha imigwaqo namabhuloho, olungakhi uhlaka olusha lukagesi, noma ukunciphisa isikweletu sabafundi esicindezelayo.

Kunalokho, umkhiqizo wokugcina wabakhokhi bentela ibutho lezempi elikhulu elinezisekelo eziningi nezikhali ezengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okukhulu kokubalulekile kuhulumeni okungezona ezokuvikela, ukunciphisa isabelomali sezokuvikela kuzosho ukuthi, maduze nje, abantu baseMelika abaningi balahlekelwa yimisebenzi. Uma zingekho izinhlelo zemisebenzi okungeyona eyezempi nezinye izinhlobo zokusebenzisa imali eqinile kwezenhlalo, laba basebenzi bancike emalini yentela yezempi ukuze baxhase indlela yabo yokuziphilisa, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo yezingane zabo. Amadola entela asekela umnotho wendawo nowesifunda oqhutshwa amasosha lapho behlala khona futhi basebenze khona. Hhayi nje kwaqondana, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okungafanelekisiwe “emnothweni osekelwe ezimpini nasezikhalini,” njengoMajor Gen. (Ret.) Dennis Laich kanye noCol. (Ret.) Lawrence Wilkerson bhala, futhi kubonakala “ekungabini nabulungisa” okungokwemvelo okudla “amandla okuzithandela wonke.”

Bachaze kabanzi ukuthi ukungalingani kwesistimu yase-US kubonakala kanjani eqinisweni elingenakuphikwa lokuthi umsebenzi wokulwa manje wehlela ngokungafani kubantu baseMelika abavela emiphakathini yasemaphandleni kanye nezindawo “ezingasebenzi kahle”. Ngokumangalisayo, i-Army ithola amasosha amaningi avela e-Alabama (inani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-4.8) kunokuba "avela eNew York, eChicago, naseLos Angeles ehlangene" (inani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-25). Ngokufanayo, amaphesenti angu-40 eButho avela ezifundazweni eziyisikhombisa ze-Old South.” Leli ibutho elithathwe kulabo abashiywe ngabasafufusa “Imboni 4.0” umnotho ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lena into yabo eyodwa eqinisekile - umusa kaMalume Sam.

Okusho ukuthini lokhu ukuthi i-US igcwele uhlelo lokufaneleka olulingana “nesitimela sesithathu” njenge-Medicare and Social Security. Njengalawo malungelo, ukusikeka okungazelelwe kusho ubuhlungu obuqondile nobusheshayo kubantu abaningi baseMelika abangakwazi ukukukhokhela. Kusho futhi ukuthi kufanele sigcine sivume ukuthi isabelomali sezokuvikela simayelana nemisebenzi njengoba siwukuphepha kwezwe.

Futhi uma sithembeke ngokwethu ngokweqiniso, kufanele sivume ukuthi ingcebo sonke esisabelana ngayo yakhiwe engxenyeni engencane ngemuva kwesakhiwo sezempi-yezimboni. Kunesizathu esenza amaphesenti angu-4.4 abantu emhlabeni adle kalula a ingxenye yesine yezinsiza zomhlaba. Kodwa manje leyo modeli i-atrophying. Amandla athambile kanye nempi elinganayo ihlangana nobuchwepheshe ukuze inselele ipharadigm. Futhi i-blowback evela embusweni iqeda imali ebalulekile.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinketho manje lapho i-US izithola ibambekile kulolu gibe lwepharadigmatic? Kunezindlela ezintathu ongakhetha kuzo.

Enye iwukuba unciphise isabelomali. Okubi ukuthi kuzosusa izigidi zabantu abathembele ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile ekusetshenzisweni kokuvikela. Okuhle ukuthi kuzophoqa ukuhlehla ngokushesha kuwo wonke umbuso kanye ne-Keynesianism yezempi. Lokhu futhi kungase kukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho uma ingxenye yesigidi kuya kwezintathu zesigidi sezigidigidi eyongiwe minyaka yonke “ibuyiselwa” kubakhokhintela ngendlela yesheke lesaphulelo. Ngokuyisisekelo, amaMelika ekugcineni azothola "ukuthula izabelo” cishe eminyakeni engu-30 ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Inketho yesibili imodeli yokudilizwa kwe-post-WWII. Lokho kuthutheleka kwabasebenzi kwahlangatshezwana nabo IGI Bill, ukuphumula kwentela kubanikazi bezindlu abasha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ku ingqalasizinda. Lesi yisixazululo se-Keynesian ngempela. Imisebenzi yengqalasizinda kanye noxhaso lwezemfundo kuzohlinzeka impumuzo kubantu baseMelika njengamanje abathembele ku-Keynesianism yezempi ukuze baziphilise. Umthethosivivinywa wokuqala we-GI "ubuyisele u-$7 emnothweni waseMelika ku-$1 ngayinye etshalwe kuMthethosivivinywa we-GI," amanothi Jared Lyon we-Institute for Veterans and Military Families. Futhi a cwaningo nge-Costs of War Project kunqunywe ukwaba izinsiza “ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ahlanzekile nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kudala amathuba emisebenzi amaphesenti angama-50 ngaphezulu kwenani elilinganayo lemali esetshenziswa empini,” futhi “imali esetshenziswayo yokufunda idala imisebenzi ephindwe kabili kunemali yokuvikela.

Eqinisweni, esinye salezi zixazululo ezimbili singcono kakhulu kunendlela yesithathu, okuwukuqhubeka nokubeka ngokungafanele amakhulu ezigidigidi emalini eyigugu kude nomnotho okhiqizayo kuyilapho kudala umonakalo ekhaya naphesheya. Futhi leso isimo sokugcina sokunganqobi somnotho wezempi okhiqize ingxenye yawo yezimo ezichitha igazi, ezingawini kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II.