Ibhalwe nguJoseph Santolan, World BEYOND War, 10 Agasti 10, 2017
IPentagon ihlela ukwethula iziteleka zezindiza esiqhingini saseMindanao eningizimu yePhilippines, i-NBC News iveze ngoMsombuluko icaphuna izikhulu ezimbili zezokuvikela zaseMelika ezingadalulwanga amagama. Indaba yashicilelwa njengoba uNobhala Wezwe wase-US u-Rex Tillerson ehlangene noMongameli wase-Philippine u-Rodrigo Duterte eManila ngemuva kwe-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum ebanjwe lapho ngempelasonto.
Isiqhingi saseMindanao, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22, sesingaphansi komthetho wezempi cishe izinyanga ezintathu njengoba amasosha asePhilippine enze umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ngokwesekwa okuqondile nokuqondiswa amasosha aseMelika, mayelana nezinsolo ze-Islamic State of Iraq. kanye nezakhi zeSyria (ISIS) edolobheni laseMarawi.
Okwenziwe kubantu baseMarawi kuyicala lempi. Amakhulu ezakhamuzi abulewe kwathi abangaphezu kuka-400,000 baxoshwa ezindlini zabo, baphenduka ababaleki bangaphakathi. Bahlakazeke yonkana iMindanao kanye namaVisayas befuna indawo yokukhosela phakathi nenkathi yesishingishane, ngokuvamile abangondlekile futhi abanye babulawa yindlala.
Umthetho wezempi usebenzela izintshisekelo ze-US imperialism. Amasosha ase-US ahileleke ekuhlaselweni kokuqala kwamabutho asePhilippine okwaholela ekumenyezelweni komthetho wezempi, izisebenzi zamabutho akhethekile ziye zabamba iqhaza ekuhlaselweni okwenziwa kulo lonke idolobha, futhi izindiza eziqaphayo zase-US ziqondise amabhomu nsuku zonke.
Kusukela okhethweni lwakhe ngonyaka owedlule, uDuterte wazama ukubuyisela ubudlelwano bezokuxhumana nezomnotho ePhilippine ngaseBeijing futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, eMoscow, futhi wabonakala engenakuphikiswa ezintshisakalweni zaseWashington. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sikamanduleli wakhe esikhundleni, i-imperialism yase-US ngokusebenzisa izindlela zomthetho nezempi yawukhulisa kakhulu umkhankaso wayo wokulwa neChina, isebenzisa iManila njengoba ihola ummeleli esifundeni.
Lapho uDuterte owayeguquguquka futhi ethatha izintambo, iWashington yaxhasa ngezimali “impi yakhe yezidakamizwa” ebulalayo, kodwa, lapho eqala ukuziqhelelanisa nemithetho yaseMelika, uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika wathola ukuthi bakhathazekile “ngamalungelo abantu.” Ingcindezi yalo mkhankaso ivule igebe elibanzi kakhulu phakathi kweManila neWashington, njengoba uDuterte ajikijela emuva egxeka ubugebengu base-US phakathi neMpi YaseMelika yasePhilippine. Ngokusobala, izindlela ezihlukile nezinamandla zokulawula noma zokuqeda uDuterte zazidingeka.
IWashington yakha amasosha ekoloni layo langaphambili, futhi ithusi eliphezulu bonke baqeqeshwa futhi bethembekile e-US. Njengoba uDuterte endizela eMoscow ukuyohlangana noPutin ukuyoxoxisana ngesivumelwano sezempi esingase sibe khona, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uDelfin Lorenzana, esebenza noWashington futhi ngemuva kukamongameli wasePhilippine, waqala ukuhlasela ibutho elizimele lomndeni wesigaba esibusayo eMarawi abathi. wathembisa ukwethembeka ku-ISIS. Lokhu kuhlasela kwavumela u-Lorenzana ukuthi amemezele umthetho wezempi futhi aphoqelele umongameli ukuthi abuyele ePhilippines.
UWashington waqala ukubiza isibhamu eMarawi futhi ngempumelelo ezweni lonke. UDuterte wanyamalala empilweni yomphakathi amasonto amabili. U-Lorenzana, esebenzisa igunya lomthetho wezempi, ubuyisele izivivinyo ezihlanganyelwe zasolwandle namasosha ase-US uDuterte ayewachithile njengoba ayeqonde ngqo eChina. Inxusa laseMelika eManila laqala ukuxhumana ngqo nebutho lezempi, lazungeza isigodlo sikamongameli saseMalacanang ngokuphelele.
UDuterte uphinde wagqama njengendoda eyalwe yiWashington. Umlayezo ubucacile, uma efisa ukuqhubeka nokubusa kwakumele ashaye ingwijikhwebu e-US. IWashington ayizange ibe nezinkinga ngempi yayo yezidakamizwa, eye yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-12,000 ngonyaka odlule, inqobo nje uma isebenzela i-US. UTillerson umemezele ukuthi ngeke akhulume ngezindaba zamalungelo abantu emhlanganweni wakhe noDuterte.
Esithangamini nabezindaba noTillerson, uDuterte uvele wagiya. "Singabangani. Singamadlelandawonye,” esho. “Ngingumngane wakho othobekile eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.”
IWashington ayinelisekile ngokuvikela ukwethembeka kukaDuterte, nokho. Empeleni bafuna ukwenza kabusha iPhilippines ngempumelelo, basungule izizinda zamasosha ezweni lonke, futhi banqumele ngqo inkambo yepolitiki yayo.
Kakade iWashington isiqalile ukusebenza ne-hubris yenkosi yamakholoni. Uhlelo lokuthi i-US yethule umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-drone e-Mindanao lisesigabeni esithuthukisiwe sokulungela, nokho ngokuvuma kwabo, uhulumeni wezwe, noma ithusi lezempi lasePhilippine abazange baziswe ngalolu hlelo.
NgoJulayi, uGeneral Paul Selva, iphini likasihlalo we-US Joint Chiefs, watshela iSenate Armed Services Committee ukuthi iWashington ihlose ukunikeza igama lomsebenzi wayo ePhilippines, isinyathelo esizoqinisekisa uxhaso olukhulu lwemisebenzi yaseMelika ezweni.
USelva uthe, “Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintekenteke eziseningizimu yePhilippines, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi siyawubuyisela yini umsebenzi oqanjiwe noma cha, hhayi nje ukunikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo, kodwa ukunikeza umkhuzi we-Pacific Command kanye nabaphathi basezindaweni. ePhilippines izinhlobo zeziphathimandla abazidingayo ukuze basebenzisane namabutho omdabu wasePhilippines ukuze babasize baphumelele kuleyo ndawo yempi.”
IWashington isivele inawo “amabhuzu phansi”—amabutho akhethekile abambe iqhaza ezimpini zaseMarawi, kanye nezindiza zayo eziqaphayo ezinquma okuhlosiwe emikhankasweni yokuqhuma kwamabhomu. Ukwenyuka okungaphezu kwalokhu “kwezinhlobo zeziphathimandla” ezengeziwe kuzobandakanya ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu okuqondile kwedolobha lase-US.
Abaphathi bakwaDuterte bazame buthaka ukuvimba ukugxambukela kwe-US ebukhosini basePhilippine, bephendula imibiko yokuthi i-US izoqala umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ezweni ngokumemezela ukuthi amasosha aseMarawi "aphefumulelwe yi-ISIS."
I-US-Philippine Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) ka-1951 ivumela kuphela ukulwa kwe-US ezweni uma ihlaselwa ngokuqondile umbuso wangaphandle. Lapha kulele ukubaluleka kokulebula kwalokho okuyibutho elizimele lomndeni wesigaba esibusayo njenge-ISIS. Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-MDT, iWashington ingaphikisa ngokuthi amabutho aseMarawi angamasosha angaphandle.
Ukumiswa kukaDuterte okuvuthayo okulwa nama-imperialist kuphelile, futhi unobhala wakhe wezindaba uzama kancane ukulondoloza ubukhosi bezwe ngokuthi izitha zezitha-ikakhulukazi izingane nezinsizwa ezibuthwe futhi zihlonywe ingxenye ye-Mindanao elite - "ziphefumulelwe" kuphela. nge-ISIS.
Khonamanjalo Amasosha AsePhilippines akhiphe isitatimende kwabezindaba, ethi, “siyasithokozela isifiso esibikiwe sePentagon sokusiza iPhilippines,” kodwa wengeza ngokuthi “asikasitholi isaziso esisemthethweni” ngalesi sicelo.
Inhloso enkulu yomkhankaso weWashington wokuphinda wenze iPhilippines ibe ikoloni yiChina. Ngo-August 4, IPhini LeNhloko Yenxusa Lase-US uMichael Klecheski lavula i-Joint Maritime Law Enforcement Training Centre (JMLETC) esiqhingini sase-Palawan, esiseduzane neSouth China Sea enengxabano. Esikhungweni amasosha ase-US azobe esebenzisana futhi eqeqesha amasosha asePhilippine ukuze kuthuthukiswe “amakhono okuqwashisa ngesizinda sasolwandle” kanye “nokumisa izikhali ezinkulu ukuthi zidlule emanzini noma eduze nawo endaweni yasePhilippine,” okuhlanganisa “ ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.”
"Izikhali ezinkulu" "eduze namanzi ezindawo zase-Philippine" iyinkomba ecacile yokumiswa kwamaShayina kwezinto ezibonakalayo eziQhingini eziyi-Spratly eziphikisanayo.
Izehlakalo zezinyanga ezintathu ezedlule ePhilippines ziphinde zembula ukuthi impiriyali yase-US izozama konke okusemandleni ukufeza izinjongo zayo. Amasosha ase-US akhiqize usongo lwe-ISIS aphuma ebuthweni elizimele ikakhulukazi elakhiwe ngamasosha ayizingane, abheke ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwedolobha elihle elibulala amakhulukhulu ezakhamizi futhi kwaguqula izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane zaba ababaleki abampofu - konke ukwenza isimemezelo somthetho wezempi futhi wabeka inkundla yobushiqela bezempi.
