Izikhulu nezinhlangano zosizo bezilokhu zixwayisa izinyanga ukuthi umzamo wokuxosha i-Isis endaweni yabo yokugcina enkulu ungaba nezindleko eziphakeme zosizo.
NguFazel Hawramy no-Emma Graham-Harrison, The Guardian
Izakhamuzi eziyisishiyagalombili zomndeni owodwa, ezintathu zazo okuyizingane, zibulawe ukuhlasela kwezindiza zaseMelika emzini wazo ongamakhilomitha ambalwa ngaphandle. Mosul, kusho izihlobo, izikhulu namasosha amaKurd alwa endaweni.
Lokhu kuhlasela kwenzeke ngemuva kwesonto kunezimpi ezinzima edolobhaneni laseFadhiliya, lapho amabutho ase-Iraq kanye namaKurdish esekelwa yizindiza zomfelandawonye ayelwa namaphekula e-Isis njengengxenye yomkhankaso wokuphinda kuthathwe idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu e-Iraq.
Izithombe zikhombise izakhamuzi zembula izidumbu enqwabeni yemfucumfucu ebiyikhaya. Indlu ishaywe kabili, enye imfucumfucu nemfucumfucu yajikijelwa ngamamitha angu-300.
"Siyawazi umehluko phakathi, ukuhlasela kwezindiza, izikhali nezikhali, sesiphile iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili sizungezwe ukulwa," kusho uQassim umfowabo womunye wabashonile, ekhuluma ngocingo esendaweni. Amasosha alwa endaweni kanye nelungu lePhalamende lendawo nabo bathe ukufa kwabantu kudalwe ukuhlasela kwezindiza.
Ibutho lasemoyeni lase-Iraq ngokusobala kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kweshumi nambili bahlangana ethempelini lamaSulumane ngenyanga edlule, kodwa ukuqhuma kwebhomu eFadhiliya kubonakala sengathi kungokokuqala ukuthi ukuhlasela kwezindiza zasentshonalanga kubulale izakhamizi kusukela kwaqala ukufuqa iMosul.
I-US ithi yenze iziteleka "endaweni echazwe kulezi zinsolo" ngomhlaka-22 Okthoba. "Umfelandawonye uzithatha ngokungathi sína zonke izinsolo zokubulawa kwabantu futhi usazoqhubeka nophenyo ngalo mbiko ukuze kutholakale amaqiniso," kusho okhulumela umfelandawonye nge-imeyili.
Ukushona kwabantu kwandisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nezingozi kubantu base-Iraqis abavamile manje abavaleleke edolobheni. Izikhulu nezinhlangano zosizo bezilokhu zixwayisa izinyanga ukuthi umzamo wokuxosha i-Isis endaweni yabo yokugcina enkulu Iraq kungaba nezindleko eziphezulu zokusiza, kokubili kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi okulindeleke ukuba zibaleke empini, nalabo abangakwazi ukushiya izindawo ezingaphansi kokulawula kwamasosha.
I-Isis isivele yengeze kuzibalo zayo zeminyaka emibili zonya esifundeni. Amasosha alande amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu eMosul ukusebenzisa njengezihlangu zabantu, amadolobha ahlwanyelwe ngamabhomu okuzenzela kuhlanganise eziningi ezibhekiswe ezinganeni kanye nabanye abangalwi, futhi babulala kafushane amakhulu abantu abesaba ukuthi bangase babavukele.
Amasosha amaKurd kanye nama-Iraqi kanye nabasekeli bawo bazibophezele ukuvikela izakhamizi futhi banikeze abalweli abathunjiwe amalungelo abo asemthethweni. Kepha izinhlangano zamalungelo kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele zithi ukuqina kwempi kanye nemvelo yamaqhinga e-Isis, ukuhlakaza amasosha kanye nokufakwa kwezempi ezindlini ezijwayelekile, kubeka engcupheni isibalo esikhulayo sokufa kwabantu ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezindiza.
"Kuze kube manje izigameko zokufa kwabantu ezibikiwe zilula uma kuqhathaniswa - ikakhulukazi njengoba impi yaseMosul igxile ekususeni imizana enabantu abambalwa edolobheni. Yize kunjalo, okungenani izakhamizi ezingama-20 kubikwe ukuthi zibulewe ngokusekela iziteleka zezindiza zomfelandawonye ngokusho kwabacwaningi bethu, "kusho uChris Wood, umqondisi wenhlangano. Ama-Airwarsiphrojekthi eqapha ukukhokhwa kwezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe eSyria nase-Iraq.
"Njengoba impi isondela ezindaweni zaseMosul, sikhathazekile ngokuthi izakhamizi ezivaleleke edolobheni zizoba sengcupheni."
Esigodini saseFadiliya bonke abashonile bebephuma emndenini owodwa. UQaseem, umfowabo uSaeed no-Amer owabulawa, bangamalungu eqembu elincane lamaSunni. Banquma ukubekezelela ukuphila ngaphansi kokubusa okunonya kwe-Isis kunokuba babhekane nokuswela ekamu lababaleki, futhi kuze kube ngempelasonto edlule bacabanga ukuthi basindile.
USaeed ubesekhaya, ethandaza futhi ethemba ukuthi impi ebikade idlangile ngaphandle isizophela ngesikhathi ezwa ukuqhuma okukhulu. Ngesikhathi umakhelwane ememeza ethi ibhomu liwele eduze komuzi kamfowabo, endaweni eqhele ngesigamu sekhilomitha ngaphansi kwentaba iBashiqa, wagijima eyothola ukuthi ukwesaba okukhulu kunakho konke kuqinisekisiwe.
“Ngangivele ngabona ingxenye yomzimba womshana wami ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu,” kusho uSaeed, ekhala ocingweni ekhumbula. “Bonke babefile.” Umfowabo nonkosikazi kamfowabo, izingane zabo ezintathu, umalokazana nabazukulu ababili bonke babulewe. Abathathu kwabashonile bekuyizingane, endala ina-55 kanti encane ineminyaka emibili kuphela.
“Abakwenza emndenini kamfowethu kwakungalungile, wayengumlimi womnqumo futhi wayengahlangene ne-Daesh,” kusho uSaeed, esebenzisa isifinyezo sesi-Arabhu esisho u-Isis. Kwasinda amadodakazi amathathu ayebalekele emakamu ababaleki kanye nabayeni bawo kanye nonkosikazi wesibili ohlala eMosul.
USaeed noQassim bazamile ukukhipha izidumbu ukuze zingcwatshwe kodwa impi ibishubile kwaze kwaphoqeleka ukuthi bahlehlele ezindlini zabo, bashiye abathandiweyo babo lapho abashone khona izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kwakukhona ukuhlasela kwezindiza okuningi edolobheni ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba i-Kurdish peshmerga izama ukususa izidleke zama-fighters, kuhlanganise neyodwa esebenzisa i-minaret njengeposi labadubuli.
“Ngeke sithathe noma yimaphi amathuba” kusho u-Erkan Harki oyisikhulu se-peshmerga, emi onqenqemeni lwensimu yomnqumo eduze nedolobhana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwesiteleka sezindiza. "Sihlaselwe umlilo we-sniper kanye nodaka ngaphakathi kuFadhiliya."
Akukhona okokuqala lo mfelandawonye ugadla kubantu eFadhiliya kanye nesikhulu sase-Peshmerga esinikezwe umsebenzi wokuhlinzeka ngezixhumanisi zeziteleka zomoya sathi indawo kufanele imakwe ngokucacile njengezwe elibucayi emabalazweni asetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukuhlasela kwamabhomu, ngenxa yesibalo sabantu.
Ukuhlasela kwezindiza kungenzeka kube okwaseMelika, wengeza, njengoba abantu baseCanada babeqede ukuhlasela kwezindiza endaweni ngoFebhuwari, futhi "abaseMelika yibona abaphethe", esho, ecela ukuthi igama lakhe lingadalulwa ngoba wayengenayo imvume yokukhuluma nabezindaba. "Ngingasho ngokunemba okungu-95% ukuthi lesi siteleka senziwe ngabaseMelika," esho.
UMala Salem Shabak, oyilungu lePhalamende lase-Iraq, omele uFadhiliya, naye ukuqinisekisile ukushona kwabantu, wathi kudalwe iziteleka zomoya njengoba kwenze nomphathi wendawo ocele ukuthi igama lakhe lingadalulwa ngoba usenezihlobo ngaphakathi kulo muzi futhi unovalo lokuthi u-Isis ubengakatholakali ngokugcwele. kuhanjiswe khona.
"Sicela umfelandawonye ukuthi uyeke ukuqhumisa amabhomu ezigodini ngoba ziningi izakhamizi kulezi zindawo," kusho uShabak, oyilungu lephalamende ngesikhathi impi isaqhubeka. "Izidumbu zingaphansi kwemfucumfucu, kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba zingcwatshwe ngesizotha."
Ngomsombuluko Amasosha ase-Iraq aphule izifunda ezisempumalanga yeMosul njengoba umfelandawonye ohlanganisa amayunithi akhethekile, ama-tribal fighters kanye nama-paramilitary amaKurd aqhubekela phambili nokuhlasela kwawo.
Izakhamizi zaleli dolobha zithi amasosha ase-Iraq asekelwa yizindiza kanye nezikhali ayengena ezindaweni ezisempumalanga kakhulu, naphezu kokumelana okuqinile kwama-Isis fighters.
I-athikili yatholakala okokuqala ku-Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/01/mosul-family-killed-us-airstrike-iraq
