NguPatrick Kennelly
Unyaka wezi-2014 ungunyaka obulala kunazo zonke e-Afghanistan kubantu, abalwa, nakwamanye amazwe. Isimo sesifinyelele ezingeni eliphansi njengoba insumansumane yezwe lase-Afghanistan iqhubeka. Eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu impi ende kunazo zonke eMelika, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uthi i-Afghanistan iya ngokuqina, yize cishe zonke izinkomba ziphakamisa okunye. Muva nje, uhulumeni omkhulu wehlulekile (futhi) ukwenza ukhetho olunobulungiswa futhi oluhlelekile noma ukukhombisa ubukhosi babo. Esikhundleni salokho, uJohn Kerry wandizela ezweni futhi wahlela ubuholi obusha bukazwelonke. Amakhamera agingqiwe futhi kwamenyezelwa uhulumeni wobumbano. Umhlangano wabaholi bamazwe angaphandle eLondon uthathe isinqumo ngamaphakeji amasha osizo nokuxhaswa ngezimali 'kukahulumeni wobumbano' osanda kuvela. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, iZizwe Ezihlangene zasiza ukuhweba isivumelwano sokugcina amabutho angaphandle ezweni, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye uMongameli u-Obama ememezele ukuthi impi iyaphela — nangesikhathi ekhulisa inani lamabutho phansi. E-Afghanistan, uMongameli Ghani wahlakaza iKhabhinethi kanti abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukhetho lwasephalamende luzohlehliswa.
AmaTaliban namanye amaqembu ahlubukayo aqhubeka nokuthola umthamo futhi athole izingxenye zezwe ezilawulwayo. Kuzo zonke izifundazwe, ngisho naseminye yemidolobha emikhulu, amaTaliban aqale ukuqoqa intela futhi asebenza ukuze avikele imigwaqo emikhulu. I-Kabul-idolobha eliye labizwa ngokuthi idolobha elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni-seliye laphelela ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamabhomu amaningi okuzibulala. Ukuhlaselwa kwezigameko ezihlukahlukene, ezivela ezikoleni eziphakeme kuya ezindlini zabasebenzi bangaphandle, ezempi, ngisho nasehhovisi likaKhomishana wamaphoyisa aseKabul ziye zaveza ngokucacile ikhono lamabutho aphikisana nohulumeni ukuba athathe isiteleka. Ukubhekana nesimo esibucayi, Isibhedlela Esiphuthumayo saseKabul siphoqelekile ukuba siyeke ukwelapha iziguli ezingenalo ukuhlukumezeka ukuze ziqhubeke nokuphatha inani elikhulayo labantu abalimele izibhamu, amabhomu, ukuqhuma kokuzibulala, kanye nemayini.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emine ngihambile ngiya e-Afghanistan ngenza izingxoxo, ngizwile abantu base-Afghanistan abavamile behleba nge-Afghanistan njengombuso ohlulekayo, njengoba nabezindaba bethi ukukhula, intuthuko kanye nentando yeningi. Kusetshenziswa amahlaya amnyama ukuphawula ngezimo zamanje amahlaya ama-Afghan ahlekisa ngokuthi konke kusebenza ngendlela efanele; bayavuma iqiniso elingachazeki. Baveza ukuthi amabutho angaphandle kwe-101,000 angaphandle aqeqeshelwe ukulwa nokusebenzisa udlame asebenzise ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kahle-ngokusebenzisa udlame; ukuthi abathengisi bezikhali baqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaqembu angaqhubeka nokulwa iminyaka ezayo ngokunikela ngezikhali kuzo zonke izinhlangothi; ukuthi abaxhasi bezimali bamazwe angaphandle abasekela amaqembu aphikisayo nama-mercenaries bangaqedela ukuthunywa kwabo-okuholele ekwenyukeni kodlame kanye nokungabikho kokuziphendulela; ukuthi umphakathi womhlaba wonke we-NGO usebenzisa izinhlelo futhi usizuzile kusuka ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100 billion ukusiza; nokuthi iningi lolo tshalomali lugcine selufakwe kuma-akhawunti asebhange angaphandle, ikakhulu kuhlomula abokufika kanye nabambalwa abase-Afghans abasezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zamazwe eziningi okuthiwa "azikhethi", kanye namanye ama-NGO amakhulu, azihlanganise namabutho ahlukahlukene okulwa. Ngakho-ke ngisho nosizo oluyisisekelo losizo seluphenduke ezempi futhi lwapolitika. Kwi-Afghan ejwayelekile iqiniso licacile. Iminyaka eyishumi nantathu yokutshala imali kwezempi nasekukhululekeni ishiye izwe lisezandleni zamazwe angaphandle, ama-NGO angasebenzi, kanye nokulwa phakathi kwezikhulu eziningi zempi ezifanayo namaTaliban. Umphumela uba yisimo samanje esingazinzile, esiwohlokayo kunokuba izwe elizimele.
Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ngivakashele e-Afghanistan, ngiphinde ngezwa enye inhlebo engachazeki, ngokungafani nendaba elandiswe ngabezindaba abajwayelekile. Lokho wukuthi, kukhona okunye okungenzeka, ukuthi indlela yakudala ayisebenzi, futhi yisikhathi soshintsho; ukuthi ukungabi nodlame kungaxazulula ezinye zezinselelo izwe elibhekene nazo. EKabul, iBorder Free Centre — isikhungo somphakathi lapho abantu abasha bangahlola iqhaza labo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi, –ihlola ukusetshenziswa kokungabi nodlame ukuzibandakanya emizameni ebucayi yokwenza ukuthula, ukugcina ukuthula, nokwakha ukuthula. Laba bantu abadala abasebasha bahlanganyela kumaphrojekthi wokubonisa ukukhombisa ukuthi amaqembu ezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene angasebenza futhi aphile ndawonye. Bakha iminotho ehlukile engathembeli ebudloveni ukuze inikeze impilo kubo bonke abantu base-Afghani, ikakhulukazi abafelokazi nezingane ezisengozini. Bafundisa izingane ezihlala emgwaqweni futhi benza nezinhlelo zokunciphisa izikhali ezweni. Basebenzela ukonga imvelo nokwakha amapulazi ayimodeli akhombisa indlela yokuphulukisa umhlaba. Umsebenzi wabo ukhombisa okungakhulumeki e-Afghanistan — ukuthi lapho abantu behlanganyela emsebenzini wokuthula, inqubekelaphambili yangempela ingatholakala.
Mhlawumbe uma iminyaka yokugcina ye-13 ingagxile kakhulu ezimisweni zezepolitiki zangaphandle kanye nokusiza ezempi futhi igxilise kakhulu emisebenzini njengesikhungo samahhala se-Border, isimo se-Afghanistan singase sihluke. Uma amandla agxila ekuthuthukiseni ukuthula, ukugcinwa kokuthula, nokwakhiwa kokuthula, mhlawumbe abantu bangase bavume ukuthi isimo senzekile futhi benze ukuguqulwa kweqiniso kwezwe lase-Afghan.
I-Pat Kennelly nguMqondisi we-Marquette University Centre yokuPhepha nokuSebenza futhi usebenza naye Amazwi we-Creative Nonviolence. Uyabhala evela eKabul, e-Afghanistan futhi angathintana naye kennellyp@gmail.com
