nguJohn LaForge, I-Grassroots Cindezela
"Ibanga elingaphezu kwamamayela angu-60 ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBrussels," iKleine Brogel Air Base ingenye yezindawo eziyisithupha zaseYurophu lapho i-United States isagcina khona izikhali zenuzi ezisebenzayo, uWilliam Arkin wabhala ngenyanga edlule. Umxhumanisi wezokuphepha kuzwelonke we-NBC News Investigates, u-Arkin uxwayise ngokuthi la mabhomu "agwema ukunaka komphakathi kuze kube yilapho ukuhlasela kwe-nuclear eBelgium kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi kukhulunywe ngamabhomu."
Esikhungweni sase-Kleine Brogel, kunamabhomu enuzi e-US B20 alinganiselwa ku-61 azothwalwa futhi alethwe amajethi ezempi e-F-16 eBelgian Air Force. Kodwa lezi zikhali "azizange zivele ezindabeni kulandela [ngoMashi 22] ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-Islamic State eBrussels," u-Arkin wabhalela iNewsVice. Ama-B61 awazange ashiwo embikweni wokudutshulwa kubulawe unogada waseBelgian nuclear reactor, kusho u-Arkin, noma ezindabeni ezimayelana nokuphepha okuxekethile ezikhungweni zikagesi zaseBelgium.
Namuhla, i-180 kuphela-ngaphandle kwama-nukes angu-7,000 ase-US ake asetshenziswa eYurophu-asagcinwa elungile: eBelgium, eJalimane, e-Italy, eNetherlands naseTurkey. “Futhi,” kusho u-Arkin, “izikhali zenuzi zaseSoviet ziye zasuswa ngisho naseMpumalanga Yurophu.” Uma “izikhali zenuzi zingasuswa eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea, akudingekile ukuba zibe khona ngokoqobo eYurophu,” esho. “Abanye abalingani be-NATO yenuzi sebeyichithile. Ngo-2001, izikhali zenuzi zokugcina zahoxiswa eGreece. Izikhali zenuzi zaseMelika zaze zahoxiswa eBrithani ngo-2008.”
Abanye ochwepheshe baphinde bagqamisa lokho abezindaba bezentengiselwano abakuthatha njengezimo zobushokobezi. U-Hans M. Kristensen, umqondisi we-Nuclear Information Project ye-Federation of American Scientists, uxwayise ngenyanga edlule ngokuthi, “Amaphekula okusolwa ukuthi abheke kwesinye sezisekelo zase-Italy [ezimbili zazo okuhlala kuzo amabhomu e-US B61], kanye ne-nuclear enkulu kunazo zonke. inqwaba eYurophu [ama-US B90 angu-61 e-Incirlik] iphakathi nokuvukela umphakathi okuhlomile eTurkey endaweni engaphansi kwamakhilomitha angu-70 ukusuka eSyria ekhungethwe yimpi. Ingabe lena yindawo ephephile ngempela yokugcina izikhali zenuzi?” Impendulo ithi Cha, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-9/11 amaphekula ahlasele iBelgium izikhathi ezintathu, iJalimane ne-Italy kanye ngalinye, kanye neTurkey okungenani izikhathi ezingu-20—futhi bonke abalingani abane be-NATO bayizindawo zamanje ze-B61.
Ibhizinisi elikhulu ngemuva kwamabhomu e-H amasha
Iningi labantu baseYurophu, ongqongqoshe nojenene be-NATO abaqavile, kanye nezinqumo zephalamende laseBelgium nelaseJalimane bonke bafuna ukususwa ngokuphelele kwama-B61. I-holdup akuwona umbono womphakathi, izidingo zokuphepha noma ithiyori yokuvimbela kodwa ibhizinisi elikhulu.
I-Nuclear Watch i-New Mexico ibika ukuthi i-US National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) ithola cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 ngonyaka ukugcina kanye “nokuthuthukisa” izikhali zenuzi. I-Air Force ifuna kwakhiwe ama-B400-500 amasha angu-61-12, angu-180 ahlelelwe ukuvala izinguqulo ezikhona kakade ezaziwa ngokuthi i-B61-3, -4, -7, -10, kanye -11 okwamanje eYurophu. Ngo-2015, i-NNSA yalinganisela izindleko zokushintsha ama-B61 ku-$8.1 billion eminyakeni engu-12. Ukwenyuka kwesabelomali kufunwa minyaka yonke.
Ilabhorethri yethu yezikhali zenuzi ikhuthaza futhi idla ukudla okuvela kulesi sitimela somhluzi, njengoba i-NM iphawula i-Nuclear Watch, ikakhulukazi i-Sandia National Lab (inkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele ye-Lockheed Martin Corp.) kanye ne-Los Alamos National Lab, kokubili eNew Mexico, engamele umklamo, ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwe-B61-12.
UWilliam Hartung, Uzakwethu Esikhungweni Senqubomgomo Yamazwe Ngamazwe, ubika ukuthi osonkontileka abakhulu bezikhali njenge-Bechtel ne-Boeing bathola inzuzo enkulu ngokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali. U-Lockheed Martin "uthola ukulunywa kabili e-apula," kusho u-Hartung, ngoba futhi iklama futhi yakhe ibhomu le-F-35A, "elizofakwa ukuthwala i-B61-12, njengoba kuzoba ne-F-15E (McDonnell Douglas), I-F-16 (General Dynamics), B-2A (Northrop Grumman), B-52H (Boeing), Tornado (Panavia Aircraft) kanye nabagadli bamabhomu bebanga elide esikhathini esizayo.”
Nakuba i-United States ithembise ukuthi ngeke izakha izikhali zenuzi ezintsha, uKristensen, kanye no-Matthew McKinzie, umqondisi weNuclear Programme ku-Natural Resources Defense Council, babika ukuthi “[T] amandla e-B61-12 entsha ... abonakala eqhubeka nokukhula. , kusukela ekwandiseni ukuphila okulula kwebhomu elikhona, kuya ebhomuni lokuqala lenuzi eliqondiswa yi-United States, kuya endaweni yokungena emhlabeni ngenuzi ngokunemba okwengeziwe.” Lezi zinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi zezikhali zenuzi zibiza izindodla zemali yentela. Futhi imali ilokhu iza ngoba ibhebhethekisa futhi ivuza amandla acatshangwayo kanye nodumo abasebenzi bezikhali zenuzi abafikelwa naso ezinkampanini, ezemfundo, ezempi nakwezombangazwe.
Kuyaqhubeka imibhikisho yasehlobo e-Büchel Air Base, okuyikhaya lamabhomu e-H angama-20 ase-US
Iqembu laseJalimane le-Nuclear-Free Büchel lethule i-19 yaloth uchungechunge lwaminyaka yonke lwezenzo zokulwa namabhomu e-B20 angama-61 asetshenziswe e-Büchel Air Force Base eNtshonalanga maphakathi neJalimane. Isikhalo salo nyaka somcimbi ozothatha amasonto angu-20: “I-Büchel Itholakala Yonke Indawo.” Umsebenzi waqala ngomhla zingama-26 kuNdasa—ukugubha iminyaka engu-2010 yesinqumo se-Bundestag yaseJalimane esithi kuhoxiswe ama-B61—futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Agasti 9, uSuku lweNagasaki. Ngaphandle nje kwesango elikhulu, izibhengezo ezinosayizi oweqile, izingqwembe nemisebenzi yobuciko zikhumbula umzamo oyimpumelelo eminyakeni engu-30 edlule owakhipha imicibisholo ye-Cruise ehlome ngezikhali zenuzi yase-US engu-96 e-Hunsrück, eJalimane: Ngo-Oct. 11, 1986, abantu abangaphezu kwe-200,000 bamasha lapho bemelene ne-NATO. uhlela ukusebenzisa ukuqhunyiswa kwezikhali zenuzi ngaphakathi kweJalimane ngokumelene nokuhlasela kwe-Warsaw Pact, okungukuthi, ubuhlakani bezempi bokubhubhisa iJalimane ukuze bayisindise. Kubonakala sengathi izinto ziyashintsha...
