I-Peace Science Digest, Ngo-September 28, i-2018.
Okuqukethwe:
UNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, u-António Guterres, ucela amalungu ukuthi asekele imisebenzi yokugcinwa kokuthula kwe-UN ngokuzibophezela okukhulu kwezimali, imishini, kanye nabasebenzi. I-Peace Science ikhombisa ukuthi ukulwa kwamabutho okugcina ukuthula kungase kuvikele izakhamuzi esikhathini esifushane kodwa futhi kube nemiphumela engahlosiwe.
Ezindabeni:
“Selokhu kwasetshenziswa omakalabha bokuqala abaluhlaza ngo-1948, ukugcinwa kokuthula kwenze amazwe omhlaba akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinsongo ezifanayo zokuthula nokulondeka futhi ahlanganyele umthwalo ngaphansi kwefulegi le-UN. Eminyakeni engu-70 edlule, abagcini bokuthula abangaphezu kwesigidi—abesifazane nabesilisa, amasosha, amaphoyisa, nezakhamuzi ezivela emazweni kuwo wonke umhlaba—baye basabela ezingxabanweni eziningi, futhi ukugcinwa kokuthula ngokwako kuye kwajwayela njalo ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuno. UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN usuthumele imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-1 ukusiza ukugcina ukuthula phakathi kwamazwe, ukuqeda izimpi zombango ezithatha isikhathi eside, ukuvikela abasengozini nokusindisa ukuphila, ukuqinisa umthetho, ukusungula izikhungo ezintsha zokuphepha, nokusiza amazwe amasha, njengeTimor. Leste, vela. Kodwa ukugcina ukuthula kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi kakhulu. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabalindi bokuthula namuhla atshalwe lapho kunokuthula okuncane okufanele kugcinwe. Ngonyaka odlule, kwabulawa amasosha okuthula angama-61 ngezenzo ezinonya, futhi amasosha ethu ahlaselwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-300.- cishe kanye ngosuku. E-Mali nase-Central African Republic, ngazibonela ngawami umsebenzi obalulekile owenziwe izigqoko eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nsuku zonke—hhayi nje ukugcina ukuthula kodwa nokusekela ukulethwa kosizo lwabantu nokuvikela izakhamuzi. Sengibeke nenqwaba yezimbali zabalindi bokuthula abangasekho.”
“Senze izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nokwanda kwezigameko zokushona kwabantu, futhi ngijube ukubuyekezwa kwamasu okuzimele komsebenzi ngamunye wokugcina ukuthula. Kodwa kuyangicacela ukuthi asinalo ithuba lokuphumelela ngaphandle kokwesekwa okucacile nokungaguquki komhlaba. Okulindelwe ekugcineni ukuthula kudlula kakhulu kokubili ukwesekwa nezinsiza...Leso yisizinda sohlelo lwe-Action for Peacekeeping, olwasungulwa ngoMashi. Ihlose ukucela wonke amazwe angamalungu e-UN kanye nabanye ababambisene nabo ukuthi bavuselele ukuzibophezela kwabo ekugcineni ukuthula kwe-UN ukuze siqhubeke nokukuthuthukisa ndawonye. Sibe nezingxoxo ezijulile nezicacile ukuze sihlonze izindawo lapho kudingeka khona umzamo owengeziwe futhi sakha Isimemezelo Sezibophezelo Ezabiwe Ngokusebenza Kokugcina Ukuthula kwe-UN. Lesi simemezelo simele i-ajenda ecacile nephuthumayo yokugcina ukuthula. Ngokuvumelana nesimemezelo, ohulumeni babonisa ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuqhubekiseleni phambili izixazululo zezombusazwe ezingxabanweni, ekuqiniseni ukuvikelwa kwabantu abasengozini abangaphansi kwethu, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwabalindi bethu bokuthula. Manje sidinga ukuhumusha lezi zibopho zibe ukwesekwa okungokoqobo kulo mkhakha. Lesi simemezelo sifuna ukuthi sonke senze ngcono ukusebenza kwethu, sikhulise ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina ukuthula, ukuqinisa ubudlelwano nohulumeni, futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bethu baphila ngokwezinga eliphezulu lokuziphatha kanye nezigwegwe.”
Ukuqonda okuvela ku-Peace Science:
- Ukugcinwa kokuthula okuqinile, nakuba kungase kuphumelele ukuvikela izakhamuzi esikhathini esifushane, kunemiphumela engahlosiwe engase ibeke engcupheni ezinye izinjongo ezibalulekile kanye nomsebenzi obanzi wemishini ye-UN.
- Ukulwa okukhulu kwezempi nokuchema okuhilelekile ekugcineni ukuthula kungase kubeke izakhamuzi engcupheni, kanye nabalindi bokuthula, ezinye izikhulu ze-UN, nabalingisi abazimele bosizo lwabantu, kwezinye izimo futhi kunciphisa indawo/ukufinyelela kwabantu.
- I-state-centrism equkethwe ukugcinwa kokuthula okuqinile ingase ibeke engcupheni izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini ye-UN, ibandlulule amalungelo ayo abantu, ukwakhiwa kokuthula kanye nentuthuko, kanye nomsebenzi wezombusazwe kude kakhulu nokuvumela ukukhathazeka kukahulumeni ngaphandle kwabanye.
- "Ukuphenduka okuqinile" emisebenzini yokuthula ye-UN kungase kubeke engcupheni izimiso zokugcina ukuthula kanye nokuvumelana mayelana nokugcinwa kokuthula kwe-UN, kubangele ukwehla kweminikelo yamasosha evela emazweni angamalungu e-UN, futhi kuvimbele ukubambisana phakathi kwe-UN kanye nabadlali bezobuntu.
Ukugcinwa Kokuthula Okuqinile: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ophiko lweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene lokugcina ukuthula ezingeni lamaqhinga, ngokugunyazwa koMkhandlu Wezokuphepha, ukuvikela igunya lawo kubaphangi imisebenzi yabo ebeka engcupheni izakhamuzi noma engcupheni yokubukela phansi inqubo yokuthula.
(IZizwe Ezihlangene. (2008) Imisebenzi Yokugcina Ukuthula YeNhlangano Yezizwe: Izimiso Nemihlahlandlela “Imfundiso Eyinhloko” New York: I-United Nations Secretariat. http://www. un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.)
References:
- "Abagcini bokuthula abahlomile bayabavikela ngempela izakhamuzi - ngaphandle kokukodwa okukhulu" NguBrandon Prins & Anup Phaya for IMonkeyCage, Washington Post. Juni 14, 2018.
- I-Peace Science Digest Umqulu 2, Ushicilelo 2: “Imiphumela Engahlosiwe Yemisebenzi Yokuthula "Eqinile" ye-UN".
