Umhlaba udinga usuku lwe-Armistice

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, November 11, 2023

Ukuphawula ngoNovemba 11, 2023, emcimbini weVeterans For Peace e-Iowa City, Iowa

I-Ukraine idinga i-armistice.

I-Palestine idinga i-armistice.

I-Nagorno-Karabakh idinga i-armistice.

I-Syria, iSudan, iNigeria, kanye namazwe amaningi adinga i-armistice.

Umphakathi wase-US kanye nabadubuli abaningi badinga i-armistice.

Futhi nge-armistice angiqondile ukuphumula ukuze ulayishe kabusha. Ngiqonde ukuphela kobuhlanya obungenangqondo bokubulala abantu abaningi obubeka engcupheni i-apocalypse yenuzi, ukuphela ukuze kuxoxiswane ngendlela ehlakaniphe kakhudlwana, ukuvumelana ngaphandle kokubulalana okwengeziwe.

Futhi ngokuxoxisana angiqondile ukuthi Uvale umlomo futhi ugobe futhi wenze konke engikufunayo noma ngizoqala umshini wokubulala ubuyisele emuva. Ngokuxoxisana ngiqonde ukuthi Singasithola kanjani isixazululo esihlonipha ukukhathazeka kwawo wonke umuntu futhi esisivumela ukuthi sidlulele osukwini esingabeka ngalo lokhu kungqubuzana ngemuva kwethu? Ukuxoxisana kuphambene nokulula. Kulula kakhulu ukuqhumisa izinto.

Umdayisi wezikhali womhlaba, iqoqo lombuso wobushiqela kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imibuso yentando yeningi ngokufanayo, angakwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili izimpi ekubhekaneni nezikhali nokuxoxisana ngamandla amakhulu, ngokumisa ukuhamba kwezikhali.

Ubungeke unikeze umdubuli omkhulu izinhlamvu eziningi ngenkathi umcela ukuthi ayeke ukudubula.

Futhi izimfuno zethu zikahulumeni wase-US akufanele zikhawulelwe ekumnxuseni ukuba akhulume ngokuvumelana nokumiswa kwezikhali kuyilapho ukuthutha phezu kwezintaba eziningi zezikhali zamahhala ezikhokhelwa yimi nawe, izakhamuzi eziziqhenyayo, eziziqhenya ngokweqile zesizwe esisodwa esicebile esingakwazi. ukwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo noma imfundo noma umhlalaphansi noma ingqalasizinda ngoba ikhathalela impi kuphela.

Sidinga i-armistice yomhlaba wonke.

Futhi sidinga okungaphezu kwalokho.

Siyawudinga umphakathi okwamukelekile ukusho lokho, lapho isisho singakwenzi ube yisikhohlakali sezitha ezahlukene.

Sidinga uhlobo lomphakathi olugubha i-Armistice Day njengoba lwadalwa, hhayi njengoba lwaguqulwa lwaba uSuku Lomakadebona. Usuku lwe-Armistice kwakuwusuku lokuqeda impi futhi ngethemba lokuqeda konke ukulwa, lokucabanga ukuthi umhlaba usubone into embi kangangokuthi ngeke ikuvumele ukuthi iphindwe, ngokucabanga ukuthi ukuthula okuzoxoxwa ngakho eVersailles zingahlanganiswa ngendlela enesiqiniseko seMpi Yezwe II. Usuku lwe-Armistice kwakuwusuku lokuzibophezela ekusebenzeni ukuze kuqedwe yonke impi.

Ngokuqondile ngehora le-11th ngosuku lwe-11th lwenyanga ye-11, ngo-1918, abantu kulo lonke elaseYurophu bayeka ngokuzumayo ukudubula izibhamu komunye nomunye - okungenani eYurophu; baqhubeka amasonto e-Afrika. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, babebulala futhi bethatha izinhlamvu, bewa futhi beklabalasa, bebubula futhi befa, ngezinhlamvu negesi enobuthi. Base bema, ngo-11:00 ekuseni. Bama, ngohlelo. Kwakungekhona ukuthi base bekhathele noma babuyela ezingqondweni. Ngaphambi nangemva kwehora le-11 babemane belandela imiyalo. Isivumelwano se-Armistice esaqeda iMpi Yezwe I sasibeke ihora le-11 njengesikhathi sokuyeka, isinqumo esavumela amadoda angu-11,000 ukuba abulawe, alimale, noma alahleke - singase sengeze "ngaphandle kwesizathu," ngaphandle kokuthi lokho kuzosho okunye. yempi yayingesizathu esithile.

Ngaleso sikhathi eminyakeni eyalandela, leso sikhathi sokuphela kwempi okwakufanele iqede yonke impi, leso sikhathi esasiqale umgubho womhlaba wonke wenjabulo nokubuyiselwa kokufana okuthile kwengqondo, kwaba yisikhathi sokuthula. , yokukhala kwensimbi, yokukhumbula, nokuzinikela ekuqedeni yonke impi. Kwakuyilokho i-Armistice Day. Kwakungewona umgubho wempi noma walabo ababamba iqhaza empini, kodwa ngesikhathi impi isiphelile - futhi ukukhunjulwa nokulila kwaleyo mpi kubhujisiwe.

ICongress yaphasisa isinqumo se-Armistice Day ngo-1926 ibiza "imisebenzi eklanyelwe ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuthula ngokuthanda okuhle nokuqondana ... imema abantu base-United States ukuthi bagubhe lolu suku ezikoleni nasemabandleni ngemikhosi efanele yobudlelwane bobungane nabo bonke abanye abantu." Kamuva, iCongress yanezela ukuthi u-November 11 kwakuzoba "usuku olunikezelwe ngenjongo yokuthula emhlabeni."

Asinawo amaholidi amaningi kangaka anikezelwe ukuthula esingakwazi ukuwayeka. Ukube i-United States ibiphoqeleka ukuba ichithe iholidi lempi, bekungaba neziningi ongakhetha kuzo, kodwa amaholide okuthula awagcini nje ngokukhula ezihlahleni. USuku Lomama alunancazelo yalo yasekuqaleni. Usuku lukaMartin Luther King lwenziwe lwazungeza i-caricature eshiya konke ukumela ukuthula. Usuku lwe-Armistice luyabuya.

Usuku lwe-Armistice, njengosuku lokuphikisa impi, lwahlala e-United States kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-1950 futhi isikhathi eside nakwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Remembrance Day. Kungemva kokuba i-United States ihlube iJapan, yabhubhisa iKorea, yaqala iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, yadala i-CIA, futhi yasungula inxanxathela yezimboni yamasosha enezisekelo ezinkulu ezihlala njalo emhlabeni wonke, lapho uhulumeni wase-US waqamba kabusha uSuku lwe-Armistice njengoSuku Lwama-Veterans ngoJuni. 1, 1954.

Usuku Lwama-Veterans aluselona, ​​kubantu abaningi, usuku lokujabulisa ukuphela kwempi noma ukufisa ukuqedwa kwayo. Usuku Lomakadebona akulona ngisho usuku lokuzilela abashonile noma lokubuza ukuthi kungani ukuzibulala kungumbulali ophambili wamasosha ase-US noma kungani omakadebona abaningi kangaka bengenazindlu. Usuku Lomakadebona aluvamile ukukhangiswa njengomkhosi osekela impi. Kodwa izahluko zeVeterans For Peace zivinjelwe emadolobheni athile amancane namakhulu, unyaka nonyaka, ekubambeni iqhaza kuma-Veterans Day parades, ngezizathu zokuthi aphikisana nempi. Imibukiso ye-Veterans Day nemicimbi emadolobheni amaningi idumisa impi, futhi cishe konke ukudumisa ukuhlanganyela empini. Cishe yonke imicimbi yoSuku Lomakadebona ingeyobuzwe. Bambalwa abakhuthaza “ubuhlobo bobungane nabo bonke abanye abantu” noma basebenzela ukusungulwa “kokuthula komhlaba.”

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi kodwa hhayi ezizweni zeBritish Commonwealth kuphela, lolu suku lubizwa ngokuthi uSuku Lokukhumbula futhi kufanele kube usuku lokulila abashonile nokusebenzela ukuqeda impi ukuze kungabe kusadalwa abafile bempi. Kodwa lolu suku selwenziwa impi, futhi i-alchemy eyinqaba ephekwe izinkampani zezikhali zisebenzisa lolu suku ukutshela abantu ukuthi ngaphandle uma besekela ukubulawa kwamadoda, abesifazane nezingane abengeziwe empini bazohlambalaza labo asebebulewe.

Indaba evela osukwini lokuqala lwe-Armistice lwesosha lokugcina elabulawa eYurophu empini enkulu yokugcina emhlabeni lapho iningi labantu ababulawa kwakungamasosha igqamisa ubuwula bempi. UHenry Nicholas John Gunther wazalelwa eBaltimore, eMaryland, kubazali ababesuka eJalimane. Ngo-September 1917 wayebuthelwe ukusiza ukubulala amaJalimane. Lapho esebhalele ekhaya evela eYurophu echaza ukuthi impi yayimbi kangakanani futhi ekhuthaza abanye ukuba bagweme ukubuthwa, wehliswa esikhundleni (nencwadi yakhe yahlolwa). Ngemva kwalokho, watshela abangani bakhe ukuthi uzozibonakalisa. Njengoba umnqamulajuqu ka-11:00 ekuseni usondela ngalolo suku lokugcina ngoNovemba, uHenry wasukuma, ephikisana nemiyalo, futhi ngesibindi wabeka isibhamu sakhe ezibhamu ezimbili zamaJalimane. AmaJalimane ayazi nge-Armistice futhi azama ukumsusa. Wayelokhu esondela edubula. Lapho esondela, ukuqhuma kwesibhamu esincane kwaqeda ukuphila kwakhe ngo-10:59 am uHenry wabuyiselwa isikhundla sakhe, kodwa hhayi ukuphila kwakhe.

Encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi Guys Like Me nguMichael Messner, umbhali ulandisa indlela umkhulu wakhe ayengaluthandi ngayo uSuku Lomakadebona: “Ngazama ukunqamula isimo sengqondo sika-Gramps ngokumfisela uSuku oluhle Lomakadebona. Iphutha elikhulu. 'Usuku Lomakadebona!' wangibhebha ngephimbo elinzima lomuntu obhema impilo yakhe yonke. 'Akulona uSuku Lomakadebona! Usuku lwe-Armistice. Labo gad. . . balahliwe . . . osopolitiki . . . yalushintsha lwaba uSuku Lomakadebona. Baqhubeka besifaka ezimpini ezengeziwe.' Umkhulu wami wayesephefumula kakhulu manje, i-liverwurst yakhe isikhohliwe. 'Buncha crooks! Abazilwi izimpi, uyazi. Abafana abafana nami balwa izimpi. Sayibiza ngokuthi “Impi Ezoqeda Zonke Izimpi,” futhi sasikholelwa.’ Wavala ingxoxo nge-harrum: 'Usuku Lomakadebona!' Usuku lwe-Armistice lwalufanekisela uGramps hhayi ukuphela kwempi yakhe, kodwa ukuphela kwayo yonke impi, ukuqala kokuthula okuhlala njalo. Kwakungelona iphupho eliyize leli. Eqinisweni, inhlangano enkulu yokuthula yayicindezele uhulumeni wase-US, ngo-1928, ukuba asayine i-Kellogg-Briand Pact, 'Isivumelwano Sokuhoxiswa Kwempi' samazwe ngamazwe. . . Nini . . . U-Eisenhower usayine umthetho oshintsha igama leholide laba uSuku Lomakadebona, ukuze ufake omakadebona beMpi Yezwe II, kwaba impama kumkhulu wami. Ithemba lashabalala, kwathathelwa indawo iqiniso elibi lokuthi abezombangazwe babezoqhubeka bethola izizathu zokuthumela abafana baseMelika—‘abafana abanjengami’—ukuba balwe futhi bafele ezimpini.”

Umakadebona wenye yalezo zimpi, uGregory Ross wabhala inkondlo ethi “A Moment of Silence in a Forest of White Crosses.” Wayibhala ngo-1971 ukuze ayifunde emhlanganweni omkhulu wokulwa nempi e-Arlington National Cemetery. Kuhamba kanje:

Abafileyo

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asidingi ukuthula kwethu kukhunjulwe.

ungamukeli ukuthula kwethu njengesikhumbuzo, njengehlonipho.

ungalindeli ukuthula kwethu kuphele

ukubulawa kwempi

ingane ilambile

owesifazane wadlwengulwa

i-virulence yokungabekezelelani

uMhlaba uhlambulukile

Abaphilayo abafuna ukuthula kwethu

esikhathini esesabekayo sokwesaba nokuncintisana

Abafileyo

sidinga isibindi sethu sokuphikisa abanamandla nabahahayo.

sidinga impilo yethu ukuba ibe mkhulu, isihawu, isibindi.

sidinga intukuthelo yethu ekuqhubekeni kwempi egameni labo.

sidinga ukushaqeka kwethu ekujuleni komhlaba ngegama labo.

sidinga ukuthukuthela kwethu ukuhlonishwa, ukukhunjulwa.

Abafileyo

asikwazi ukusebenzisa ukuthula kwethu