Ukugxeka Ukwandiswa Kwefektri Yeziqhumane Ezihleliwe Ezijwayelekile EQuebec

NguMontreal nge-a World BEYOND War, Ngo-Ephreli 12, i-2026

NgoMashi 19 uCym Gomery, uMxhumanisi weMontreal World BEYOND War isahluko, esethulwe emihlanganweni kahulumeni yomphakathi yezemvelo (i-BAPE, ibhodi lokubuyekezwa kwezemvelo laseQuebec) mayelana nokwandiswa kwesakhiwo se-General Dynamics eValleyfield Quebec. Ukuze lokhu kwanda kuqhubeke, i-BAPE idinga ukuthi iphrojekthi ibonise ukuthi "inokwamukeleka emphakathini." I-Montréal ye-a World BEYOND War Isethulo sasingenye yezethulo eziningana eziphonsela inselelo i-GD ngokuthi ukwanda kwazo akunakuba “kwamukeleka emphakathini” ngezizathu eziningi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa nokuthi izinto ezikhiqizwe kulesi sikhungo zihlobene ngqo nokuqothulwa kwabantu eGaza.

Lesi sitshalo esiseSalaberry-de-Valleyfield, eQuebec siqhutshwa yiGeneral Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems – Canada (GD-OTS), inkampani engaphansi kwenkampani enkulu yezikhali zase-US iGeneral Dynamics, inkampani yesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni ekhiqiza izikhali. I-GD-OTS Canada ingumkhiqizi wezinhlamvu zempi, okuhlanganisa ama-propellant asetshenziswa ezinqoleni, izinhlamvu zamathangi kanye nezikhali ezisindayo, kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza eQuebec. I-GD-OTS ihlela ukusebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-682 ukwengeza izakhiwo eziyi-12 ekhampasi yayo enezakhiwo eziyi-150 eValleyfield, ngokusho ku-BAPE. Njengoba kubikwe ngu- I-Maple, lokhu kwanda kuxhaswe ngokuphelele yibutho lase-US.

Ukwandiswa kuzovumela i-GD-OTS ukuthi ikwazi ukuphinda kabili amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-M31A2, i-propellant esetshenziswa ezinqoleni ezinkulu. Isitshalo saseValleyfield siwukuphela komhlinzeki waseNyakatho Melika we-M31A2 triple-base propellant futhi okwamanje sigcwalisa izinkontileka ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza le propellant ukuze i-US ihlinzeke abalingani bayo, okuhlanganisa ne-Israel. Le propellant isetshenziselwa ukudubula amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamagobolondo ezikhali angu-155mm u-Israyeli awasebenzise ekuhlaseleni iGaza.

video lapha. Le mémoire écrit qui l'accompagne est disponible laphaIvidiyo (ngesiFulentshi) ithi laphaUmbhalo ogcwele wombiko obhaliwe ohambisana nawo othunyelwe ngu lapha.

Montreal for a World BEYOND Warukuthunyelwa kwebhodi lokubuyekeza:

Context
I-General Dynamics à Valleyfield inc. (GDV) ifuna ukwenza isimanje futhi yandise indawo yayo yokukhiqiza iziqhumane eSalaberry-de-Valleyfield.

Lesi sikhungo sifuna ukwandisa umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ongamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,722 kuya kumathani angaphezu kuka-10,000. Izindleko zephrojekthi zingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-682.

I-GDV ichaza umgomo wayo ngokuthi "ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ephephile, emisha nethembekile [okungukuthi, iziqhumane] ukuze kuvunyelwe amabutho aseCanada, abalingani kanye namanye amakhasimende ukuba aphumelele ekufezeni imisebenzi yawo."

Ekwethulweni kwayo kwe-BAPE, i-GDV ibiza iziqhumane zayo ngendlela ehlekisayo ngokuthi “izinto zamandla”, nokho kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iKomidi Lomhlaba Wonke Lesiphambano Esibomvu (ICRC) lichaza izikhali eziqhumayo “njengezikhali eziqhutshwa ukuqhuma kwento eqhuma kakhulu, okudala ngokuyinhloko imiphumela yokuqhuma nokuqhekeka, kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokulethwa.”

Lezi zikhali zibulala noma zikhubaze izakhamuzi eziningi, zibhubhisa ingqalasizinda, futhi zonakalise imvelo. Ngezindlela eziningi, zisongela ukuphepha kwabantu kanye nomhlaba wonke.

Umlando wezingozi endaweni yaseValleyfield

Ake sicabangele ukuthi i-GDV ikhiqiza umkhiqizo oyingozi esikhungweni esinomlando wezingozi.

• Ngomhlaka-26 Agasti 1980, Ukuqhuma endaweni yokomisa “eyayiqhutshwa yi-280” kwabulawa izisebenzi ezimbili ngokushesha, kwalimala abanye ababili, omunye wabo washona ngenxa yokulimala kwakhe.
• Ngo-1983, isisebenzi sashona ngenxa yokudakwa ngamakhemikhali.
• Ngo-1993 abasebenzi ababili bafa ngenxa yokuqhuma endaweni yokomisa.
• Ngomhlaka-29 Meyi 2020, isakhiwo se-GDV esasisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-powder eqhumayo sabhujiswa yi- ukuqhuma ngengozi.
• Mhla zingama-29 kuMfumfu 2024, isisebenzi sasicindezelekile ngemoto yesitimela endaweni yokusebenza.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-GDV ngemiphumela yemvelo

I-GDV isivele ivumile esigabeni 5.2 se-Avis de projet ukuthi iphrojekthi esesigabeni sayo sokuqala izongcolisa inhlabathi namanzi, futhi ibhubhise izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasendle. Uma ukwakhiwa sekuqalile, i-GDV iphawula ukuthi le miphumela iyaqhubeka futhi iyanda ukuze ifake phakathi ukungcoliswa komsindo, ukudlidliza, uthuli kanye nokwanda kwezimoto, okuhlanganisa nokugcwala kwemishini esindayo. Uma ukukhiqizwa kweziqhumane sekuqalile, bayanezela, ukungcoliswa komoya nomhlabathi namanzi kuzoqhubeka, futhi umsindo, ukudlidliza kanye nokugcwala kwemishini esindayo kuzokwanda. I-GDV iyavuma ukuthi zonke lezi zimoto ezengeziwe zizokhiqiza amagesi okushisa umhlaba (GHG).

Le miphumela i-GDV eyivumile iyingxenye encane nje yomthelela wemvelo wokwanda kwayo.

Umthelela wezinto eziqhumayo emvelweni 

Isiphakamiso sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-GDV akuyona into elula uma kukhulunywa ngemvelo, ngakho-ke ukucabangela kwethu izingozi akufanele kuphele emigqeni yezakhiwo zesikhungo se-GD Valleyfield. Lezi ziqhumane zifinyelela ezindaweni ezahlukene zezingxabano. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi uhulumeni waseQuebec ubamba isikhungo esidala iziqhumane—izikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu, ezithinta kakhulu indawo eseduze yesikhungo sokukhiqiza.

Ngokomlando kube nemfihlo enkulu mayelana nokuthi izikhali ezikhiqizwe yi-GDV ziphelelaphi, kodwa  okusha okusha umbiko yi-Arms Embargo Now coalition inikeza imininingwane ekhombisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bezikhali baseCanada, okuhlanganisa ne-General Dynamics, bahlinzeka ngezikhali ngqo kuhulumeni wakwa-Israyeli. okulandelayo umbiko kukhombisa ukuthi izikhali zaseCanada zigeleza ziye kwa-Israyeli nakwezinye izindawo ezingase zenze ubugebengu bempi, ngaphandle kokungalandelwa okuvamile kwezemvelo noma amalungelo abantu, ngenxa yesikhala esisemthethweni esizikhulula lapho zithunyelwa e-United States kuqala.

Ngeshwa, lapho ukwesaba kokuqhuma kumane kuyinkumbulo nje, ukufa okubangelwa yizibhamu ezingakaqhumi kuyaqhubeka.

• Isibonelo, ngo-Ephreli 2024 uhulumeni wase-Ukraine wabika ukuthi amabhomu agqitshwayo kanye nezinye izikhali ezingakaqhunyiswa zazibangele ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-1,000 kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhlasela kweRussia.
• Ucwaningo eCambodia, olwaqhunyiswa kakhulu yibutho lase-US ngesikhathi sempi yaseVietnam (1955-1975), lusikisela ukuthi izikhali ezingaqhunyiswanga ziyaqhubeka nokulimaza umkhiqizo wezolimo lapho namuhla, lapho abalimi, beqaphela amabhomu angaqhunyiswanga, begwema ukusebenzisa ogandaganda kanye nezinye izindlela zezolimo ezingakhulisa umkhiqizo wezolimo.
• Izifundo ziphinde zibonise ukuthi izinsalela zempi eziqhumayo zithinta ikhwalithi yomhlabathi. Amabhomu angaqhumanga kanye namabhomu angaphansi komhlaba angavuza izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nemfucuza enobuthi enhlabathini, kungcolise umhlabathi namanzi.

Umphakathi womhlaba usuvele ubhekene nokuntuleka kokudla—ingabe uhulumeni waseQuebec ukulungele ukwamukela ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi okungabangelwa ukushoda kokudla okubangelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwawo emikhiqizweni efana neziqhumane zeGeneral Dynamics, ezinciphisa ukutholakala kokudla emhlabeni?

Abantu bayingxenye yemvelo 

Idatha eqoqwe yi-Action on Armed Violence ikhombisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 alabo ababulewe futhi balimala ngokuqhuma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi bangabantu abavamile. Futhi lo mthombo wokulimala ungahlala - ngezinye izikhathi amashumi eminyaka - ngoba ezinye izikhali eziqhumayo ziyahluleka ukuqhuma ekuqaleni. Izibhamu ezingaqhumanga (UXO) zingaqhuma isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphela kwengxabano, zibulale futhi zikhubaze isizukulwane esisha.

Ukulimaza ingqalasizinda kanye nemvelo 

Lezi ziqhumane zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa, futhi empeleni ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwesikhungo se-GDV kuncike empini nasekubulaweni kohlanga; ngakho-ke kufanele sicabangele impilo yabantu, yezilwane kanye neyezitshalo ezizobhujiswa yimikhiqizo ye-GDV. Izakhiwo, okuhlanganisa izibhedlela, izikole, izindlu ezizoqhunyiswa kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhiqizwe esikhungweni se-GDV. Ngisho noma abantu ababulewe futhi abazobulawa, kanye nezilwane ezishiwo ngenhla, izakhiwo kanye nezibhedlela zemvelo ezibhujisiwe zingekho eQuébec, zisayigugu futhi zifanelwe ukuvikelwa.

Ingqalasizinda

Umonakalo obangelwa yizikhali eziqhumayo engqalasizinda yabantu usongela impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu nezilwane ezihlala endaweni yempi - futhi ngezinye izikhathi kude kakhulu nayo. Njengoba sibona e-Ukraine, e-Iraq, e-Yemen, eSiriya nasePalestine, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali eziqhumayo kunciphisa ukufinyelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile, kubeka engcupheni izinhlelo zendle kanye nezinye ingqalasizinda ezibalulekile, kukhipha izinto eziyingozi kanye nentuthu emvelweni, kuvimbela ukuhlinzekwa kokwelashwa, futhi kunegalelo ekuqubukeni kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali eziqhumayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kungakhipha amakhemikhali amaningi anobuthi nayingozi avela kumayunithi ebhizinisi nezimboni alimele, ingqalasizinda yezinsizakusebenza, iziteshi zokugcwalisa, ama-workshop, indawo yokugcina uphethiloli, kanye namagaraji. Ukuqhuma kudala ukungcola emoyeni, okuthinta kabi impilo yabantu nezilwane ngokuxhumana ngqo, ukuhogela, noma ukugwinya amakhemikhali noma inhlabathi engcolisiwe. Ukungcola okufana nomthofu, i-chromium, uwoyela kaphethiloli, ama-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), kanye nezinto ze-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) nakho kungaphuma enhlabathini, kuthuthele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, bese kugeleza emifuleni noma emifuleni.

Nature

Impi ehlomile inemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni, ibulala izitshalo nezilwane, futhi ilimaza amahlathi namasimu kanye namachibi.

Qaphela ukuthi umthetho wabantu wamazwe ngamazwe uhlanganisa i-Rome Statute ka-1998, ebiza ukubangela umonakalo osabalele, wesikhathi eside, nonzima endaweni yemvelo njengobugebengu bempi. 

Imithelela yesimo sezulu 

Izikhali eziqhumayo zilimaza futhi zibhubhise imvelo, okubangela imililo yasendle kanye nezikhukhula. Lo monakalo wanda ngenxa yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu - amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kanye neziphepho ezinamandla.

Izimpi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuhlobene kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungandisa amathuba okungqubuzana okunobudlova ngokwandisa ukushoda kwezinsiza kanye nokufuduka, kuyilapho izingxabano ngokwazo zisheshisa umonakalo wemvelo. • Lezi ziqhumane zizothunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi izindiza nemikhumbi esetshenziswayo kuzokwandisa i-GHG yomhlaba wonke.

• Ezinye zalezi zikhali zizohluleka ukuqhuma, futhi lezi zikhali ezishiywe zingaqhuma uma kwenzeka ukushisa okukhulu. Isibonelo, izindawo eziyisithupha ezahlukene zezikhali zaqhuma kulo lonke elase-Iraq ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo ngo-2018 nango-2019, lapho amazinga okushisa ayevame ukudlula ku-45°C. Amaza okushisa asolwa ngokuqhuma okufanayo kwezikhali eJordani ngo-2020.
• Kwesinye isibonelo sendlela imiphumela yesimo sezulu yamabhomu eqhubeka ngayo isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba izimpi seziphelile, imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi imililo yasendle yaqhumisa amabhomu angaqhumanga eMpini Yezwe II ngo-Agasti 2025 eNorth York Moors, e-UK.
• ELibya, iSiphepho uDaniel sabhubhisa amadamu amabili ngo-2023, okwabangela izikhukhula ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zedolobha elisempumalanga yeDerna. Izikhukhula zasusa izitolo zezibhamu nezikhali ezingaqhumanga, okwaba nzima emizamweni yokubuyisa.
• Ochwepheshe bezibhamu kwadingeka bathunyelwe ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ezibhubhisayo eSouth Sudan ngo-2024 ukuze bahlole ukuthi umhlaba uphephile yini ukuthuthwa kwabantu abasusiwe.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje ezibonisa ukuhlangana kwemboni yempi, umonakalo wemvelo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngisho nezolimo kanye nokufuduka kwabantu.

Isiphetho 

Ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwesikhungo se-General Dynamics eValleyfield Quebec, uhulumeni waseQuébec wandisa ukubandakanyeka kwakhe ezimpini zomhlaba wonke, kanye nomonakalo obangelwa abantu, ezolimo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ingqalasizinda, izitshalo nezilwane. Simema uhulumeni waseQuébec ukuthi abheke ngale kwemingcele yawo kanye nenzuzo yawo yesikhashana. Sicabanga ukuthi uma uhulumeni esebenzisa umbono wokuziphatha ngisho nowokuzicabangela esiphakamisweni se-General Dynamics, uzoqaphela ukuthi impilo nokusinda kwemvelo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba akuhlukaniseki nokwethu… ukwandisa lesi sikhungo sezikhali kungumqondo omubi nje.