nguPhil Anderson, World Beyond War, Mashi 15, 2022
"Impi ihlala iyisinqumo futhi ihlale iyisinqumo esibi." World Beyond War encwadini yabo ethi “A Global Security System: An Alternative to War.”
Impi yase-Ukraine iwucingo lokuvuka mayelana nobuwula bempi kanye nethuba elingandile lokudlulela ezweni elinokuthula.
Impi ayiyona impendulo ukuthi iRussia ihlasela i-Ukraine noma i-United States ihlasela i-Afghanistan ne-Iraq. Akuyona impendulo lapho noma yisiphi esinye isizwe sisebenzisa udlame lwezempi ukuphishekela umgomo othile wezepolitiki, wezindawo, wezomnotho noma wezinhlanga. Nempi ayilona ikhambi lapho abahlaselwe nabacindezelwe beziphindisela ngobudlova.
Ukufunda izindaba zabantu base-Ukraine, babo bonke ubudala nezizinda, abazinikela ekulweni kungase kubonakale kuwubuqhawe. Sonke sifuna ukuhalalisela isibindi, ukuzidela kwezakhamuzi ezivamile ezimelana nomhlaseli. Kodwa lokhu kungase kube iphupho laseHollywood ngaphezu kwendlela enengqondo yokuphikisa ukuhlasela.
Sonke sifuna ukusiza ngokunikeza i-Ukraine izikhali nezinto zempi. Kodwa lokhu ukucabanga okungenangqondo nokudukile. Ukwesekwa kwethu maningi amathuba okuthi kunwebe ukungqubuzana futhi kubulale abantu base-Ukraine abaningi kunokuba kuphumele ekunqotshweni kwamabutho aseRussia.
Udlame - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani olwenzayo noma ngayiphi injongo - lubhebhethekisa izingxabano, ukubulala abantu abangenacala, ukuhlakaza amazwe, ukucekela phansi umnotho wendawo, ukudala ubunzima nokuhlupheka. Akuvamile ukuba kube khona noma yini enhle ezuzwayo. Ngokuvamile izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungqubuzana zishiywa ziqine amashumi eminyaka esikhathini esizayo.
Ukusabalala kobuphekula, amashumi eminyaka okubulala kwa-Israel nasePalestine, izingxabano zasePakistan-India ngeKashmir, futhi izimpi zase-Afghanistan, Yemen, naseSyria zonke ziyizibonelo zamanje zokwehluleka kwempi ukufeza izinhloso zezwe zanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi kubili kuphela ongakhetha kukho lapho sibhekene nesiqhwaga noma isizwe esihlukumezayo - ukulwa noma ukuzithoba. Kodwa kunezinye izinketho. Njengoba uGandhi abonisa eNdiya, ukumelana okungenabudlova kungaphumelela.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukungalaleli komphakathi, imibhikisho, iziteleka, ukuduba kanye nezenzo zokungasebenzisani kuphumelele ngokumelene noshiqela basekhaya, izinhlelo ezicindezelayo nabahlaseli bangaphandle. Ucwaningo olungokomlando, olusekelwe ezenzakalweni zangempela phakathi kwe-1900 ne-2006, lubonise ukumelana okungenalo ubudlova kuphumelela kabili njengokumelana nezikhali ekufezeni izinguquko zezombangazwe.
I-2004-05 "Orange Revolution" e-Ukraine yayiyisibonelo. Amavidiyo amanje ezakhamuzi zase-Ukraine ezingahlomile ezivimba izinqola zamasosha aseRussia ngemizimba yazo angesinye isibonelo sokumelana nobudlova.
Izijeziso zezomnotho nazo zinerekhodi elibi lempumelelo. Sicabanga ngezijeziso njengendlela enokuthula esikhundleni sempi yezempi. Kodwa kumane kungenye indlela yempi.
Sifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi unswinyo lwezomnotho luzophoqa uPutin ukuthi ahlehle. Kepha unswinyo luzobeka isijeziso esihlangene kubantu baseRussia ngamacala enziwe uPutin kanye ne-kleptocracy yakhe enegunya. Umlando wezijeziso uphakamisa ukuthi abantu baseRussia (nakwamanye amazwe) bazobhekana nobunzima bezomnotho, indlala, izifo, nokufa kuyilapho i-oligarchy ebusayo ingathinteki. Izijeziso zibuhlungu kodwa azivamile ukuvimba ukuziphatha okubi kwabaholi bomhlaba.
Izijeziso zezomnotho nezikhali zokuthumela e-Ukraine nazo zibeka engcupheni umhlaba wonke. Lezi zenzo zizobonakala njengezenzo ezivusa inkanuko zikaPutin futhi zingaholela kalula ekwandiseni impi kwamanye amazwe noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi.
Umlando ugcwele izimpi “ezincane ezinhle” ezaba izinhlekelele ezinkulu.
Ngokusobala kuleli qophelo okuwukuphela kwesixazululo esiphusile e-Ukraine ukunqanyulwa ngokushesha kanye nokuzibophezela kwazo zonke izinhlangothi ezingxoxweni zangempela. Lokhu kuzodinga ukungenelela kwesizwe esithembekile, esingathathi hlangothi (noma amazwe) ukuze kuxoxiswane ngesixazululo esinokuthula kule ngxabano.
Kukhona futhi isiliva engaba khona kule mpi. Njengoba kusobala emibhikishweni emelene nale mpi, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, abantu bomhlaba bafuna ukuthula.
Ukusekelwa okukhulu, okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili kwezijeziso zezomnotho kanye nokuphikiswa kokuhlasela kweRussia kungaba ubumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe oludingekayo ukuze ekugcineni uzimisele ngokuqeda impi njengethuluzi labo bonke ohulumeni. Lokhu kubumbana kunganikeza umfutho emsebenzini onzima wokulawula izikhali, ukudiliza amabutho ezizwe, ukuqeda izikhali zenuzi, ukuguqula nokuqinisa iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, ukwandisa iNkantolo Yomhlaba, futhi kuqhubekele ekuvikelekeni okuhlangene kwazo zonke izizwe.
Ukuphepha kuzwelonke akuwona umdlalo we-zero-sum. Isizwe esisodwa asikho isidingo sokuthi sihlulwe ukuze esinye siwine. Kuphela uma wonke amazwe evikelekile lapho noma yiliphi izwe ngalinye liyoba nokuvikeleka. Lokhu “kuvikeleka okujwayelekile” kudinga ukwakha olunye uhlelo lokuvikela olusekelwe ekuvikeleni okungacunuli kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Uhlelo lwamanje lomhlaba wonke lokuvikeleka kwezwe olusekelwe kwezempi luyizehluleki.
Sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda impi nezinsongo zempi njengethuluzi elamukelekayo lobuciko bombuso.
Imiphakathi ilungiselela impi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba impi yenzeke. Impi iwukuziphatha okufundiwe. Kudinga inani elikhulu lesikhathi, umzamo, imali kanye nezinsiza. Ukuze sakhe olunye uhlelo lwezokuphepha, kufanele silungiselele kusengaphambili ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kokuthula.
Kufanele sizimisele ngokuqeda impi, siqede izikhali zenuzi futhi sinciphise futhi sihlakaze amabutho ezempi omhlaba. Kufanele sichezukise izinsiza ekulweni izimpi ziye ekuqhubeni ukuthula.
Ukukhethwa kokuthula nokungabi nodlame kumele kwakhelwe kumasiko esizwe, izinhlelo zemfundo kanye nezikhungo zezepolitiki. Kumele kube nezindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano, ukulamula, ukwahlulela kanye nokugcina ukuthula. Kumele sakhe isiko lokuthula kunokuqhakambisa impi.
World Beyond War inohlelo oluphelele, olusebenzayo lokudala enye indlela yokuphepha efanayo yomhlaba wonke. Konke kubekwe encwadini yabo ethi “A Global Security System: An Alternative to War.” Zikhombisa futhi ukuthi lena akuyona i-Utopian fantasy. Umhlaba usuneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu uphokophela kulo mgomo. IZizwe Ezihlangene, Izivumelwano ZaseGeneva, INkantolo Yomhlaba kanye nezivumelwano eziningi zokulawula izikhali ziwubufakazi.
Ukuthula kuyenzeka. Impi yase-Ukraine kufanele ibe ukuphaphama kuzo zonke izizwe. Ukuxabana akubona ubuholi. I-Belligerence ayiwona amandla. Ukucasulwa akuyona idiplomacy. Izenzo zezempi azixazululi izingxabano. Kuze kube yilapho zonke izizwe zikuqaphela lokhu, futhi zishintsha ukuziphatha kwazo kwezempi, sizoqhubeka nokuphinda amaphutha esikhathi esidlule.
Njengoba uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy asho, “Isintu kumelwe siqede impi, noma impi izoqeda isintu.”
