Izinkampani Zempi Yezempi Yezwe Lase-UK Zikhiqiza Izithelo Eziningi Zekhabhoni Kunamazwe Ngamakhulu angama-60

NguMat Kennard noMark Curtis, ngoMeyi 19, 2020

Kusukela Daily Maverick

Okokuqala ukubalwa okuzimele yohlobo lwayo ithole ukuthi unyaka nomkhakha wezempi wezimboni waseBrithani ukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa kakhulu kunamazwe ngamanye angama-60, njenge-Uganda, enabantu abayizigidi ezingama-45.

Umkhakha wamasosha wase-UK unikele ngamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6.5 wekhabhoni dioksijini alingana nomoya woMhlaba ngo-2017-2018 - unyaka wakamuva lapho yonke imininingwane itholakala khona. Kulawa, lo mbiko ulinganisela ukuthi okukhishwe yi-Ministry of Defence's (MOD) okukhishwe ngokuqondile okukhishwa yigesi eluhlaza ngonyaka we-2017-2018 bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.03 wekhabhoni dayokisi alinganayo.

Isibalo seMOD siphindwe kabili kathathu izinga lamathani ayizigidi ezingama-0.94 wegesi ekhishwe kumbhalo oyinhloko wombiko waminyaka yonke weMOD, futhi kuyafana nokukhishwa komkhakha wezimoto wase-UK.

Umbiko omusha, obhalwe nguDkt Stuart Parkinson of Scientists for Global Responsibility, uthola ukuthi iMOD yaseBrithani “idukisa” umphakathi ngamazinga ayo okukhipha ikhabhoni.

Ukuhlaziywa futhi kusebenzisa enye indlela ukubala ukuphuma kwamasosha ase-UK asuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemali yokuvikela yonyaka - ethola ukuthi ingqikithi ye- "carbon footprint" yamasosha ase-UK ifinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-11 we-carbon dioxide okulingana. Lokhu kukhulu ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-11 kunezibalo ezicashunwe kumbhalo oyinhloko wemibiko yonyaka ye-MOD.

Isizinda sekhabhoni sibalwa kusetshenziswa indlela "esetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa", efaka konke ukukhipha okuphuma emzimbeni, okufana nokuvela phesheya kokukhishwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kanye nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yedoti.

Lo mbiko uzophakamisa imibuzo emisha mayelana nokuzibophezela kweMOD ekubhekaneni nezinsongo ezinkulu e-UK. Le nhlangano ithi indima yayo ebaluleke kunazo zonke "ukuvikela i-UK" futhi ikhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu - okubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwekhabhoni - njengokuphepha okukhulu usongo.

Umkhuzi wamasosha ophakeme wase-UK, uRear Admiral Neil Morisetti, wathi Ngo-2013 ukuthi usongo olwabangelwa ukuphepha kwase-UK ngokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu lusematheni njengoba kwaba nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber nobushokobezi.

Inkinga yeCovid-19 iholele ekutheni izingcingo ngochwepheshe ukuphinda bahlole kabusha ukuvikela ezokuvikela nokuphepha kwaseBrithani. Lo mbiko uxwayisa ngokuthi ukusebenza kwamasosha amakhulu esizayo "kuzoholela ekwandeni okukhulu" ekukhuculweni kwegesi lomoya abamba ukushisa, kepha lokhu kubonakala sengathi akubhekeki lapho kuthathwa izinqumo ngohulumeni.

Umsebenzi wezempi njengokuphaka izindiza zempi, izindiza zempi kanye namathangi, nokusetshenziswa kwezisekelo zamasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle, kugcwele amandla futhi kuncike kumafutha we-fossil.

Izinkampani ze-Arms

Lo mbiko uphinde uhlaziye ukuphuma kwebhabhoni okhiqizwe yizinkampani ezingamasosha ezihamba phambili ezingama-25 ezisebenza e-UK nabanye abahlinzeki abaphambili kwi-MOD, abaqoqelana abantu ababalelwa ku-85,000. Kubala ukuthi imboni yezikhali yase-UK ikhipha amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.46 wekhabhoni diokshini ofanayo ngonyaka, izinga elifanayo nokukhishwa kwazo zonke izindiza zasekhaya e-UK.

I-BAE Systems, inhlangano enkulu yezikhali yase-UK, inikele ngamaphesenti angama-30 wemikhiqizo ephuma embonini yezikhali yaseBrithani. Abakhipha abaningi abakhulu kube yiBabcock International (6%) noLeonardo (5%).

Ngokusekelwe ekuthengisweni kwenani lama- dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, lo mbiko ulinganisela ukuthi umngcele wekhabhoni wokukhishwa kwempahla okwenziwa e-UK ngemishini yempi ngo-9-2017 kwakungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-2018 kabhakhabhoni onobungako.

Lo mbiko uphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokubonakala komkhakha wezinkampani ezizimele uma kukhulunywa ngokubikwa kwezemvelo. Ithola ukuthi izinkampani eziyisikhombisa ezizinze e-UK azange zinikeze "ulwazi olusezingeni oludingekayo" lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emibikweni yazo yonyaka. Izinkampani ezinhlanu - i-MBDA, i-AirTanker, i-Elbit, i-Leidos Europe ne-WFEL - azinikezanga ngemininingwane yokuphuma kwazo ngokuphelele.

Yinkampani eyodwa kuphela enikela ngeMOD, inkampani yezokuxhumana ngocingo i-BT, enikeza ukuhlolwa okujulile kokukhishwa kwegesi okuluhlaza ngqo nangokungaqondile embikweni walo waminyaka yonke.

'Iphethini yokubika okunephutha'

Umbiko uthola ukuthi iMOD "ikhetha kakhulu imininingwane nemininingwane ehlobene nemithelela yayo yezemvelo" eyishicilelayo, "evame ukusakazwa ngephutha".

I-MOD ibika ngokuphuma kwayo okuluhlaza okotshani esigabeni sombiko wayo waminyaka yonke esihloko esithi "Sustainable MOD". Ihlukanisa imisebenzi yayo ezindaweni ezimbili ezibanzi: Amazwe, afaka izisekelo zamasosha nezakhiwo zomphakathi; kanye nekhono, okubandakanya imikhumbi yempi yezempi, imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, izindiza zokulwa, amathangi nezinye izinto zempi.

Kepha izibalo ezikhipha ikhabhoni i-MOD ihlinzeka ngamanani kuphela hhayi amandla, lokhu kuvezwa kuphela kusijobelelo futhi kuphela iminyaka emibili ngemuva konyaka wokubika.

Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi okukhishwa igesi yomoya abamba ukushisa okungaphezulu kwama-60% kuyo yonke iMOD. Ababhali baphawula ukuthi "iphethini yokubika eyiphutha ibonakala iyisici se-Sustainable MOD ngaphezulu kweminyaka eminingi".

Eminye imisebenzi yezempi ayikhululwa emithethweni yezemvelo yezakhamuzi - lapho i-MOD inquma ukuthi kunesidingo "sokuvikela" - futhi, lo mbiko uyaphikisana, nokuphazamisa ukubika kanye nomthethonqubo.

"I-MOD nezinhlaka zayo ezingaphansi kwayo, kufaka phakathi nosonkontileka abaningi abasebenzela uMnyango kanye nezinhlaka ezingaphansi kwayo, zingaphansi kokuhlinzekwa yiCrown Immunity ngakho-ke azikhonjelwa ngaphansi kombuso wokuphoqelelwa kwe-Arhente Yezemvelo," kusho lo mbiko.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali enkundleni yempi kungenzeka futhi kukhiqize inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi kuneminye imithelela emvelweni, kepha ulwazi olwanele ukubala lomonakalo alutholakali.

Kepha umbiko uthole ukuthi okukhishwa yigesi eshisa ngokushisa eMOD kwehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50 kule minyaka eyi-10 ukusuka ku-2007-08 kuya ku-2017-18. Izizathu ezibalulekile ukuthi i-UK inciphise ubukhulu bokusebenza kwayo kwezempi e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, futhi yavala izisekelo zamasosha kulandela ukuncishiswa kwemali okuyalelwe nguhulumeni kaDavid Cameron njengengxenye yezinqubomgomo zayo "zokuzithokozisa".

Lo mbiko uveza ukuthi ukuphuma kwamasosha kungenzeka ukuthi kwehle kakhulu ngokuzayo, kucacisa ukwanda okuhleliwe kwemali esetshenziselwe ezempi, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwezimoto ezisebenzisa kakhulu amandla afana nezindiza ezintsha zase-UK, nokwanda kwezisekelo zamasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle.

"Ushintsho olukhulu kuphela kucebo lamasosha ase-UK ... elingase liholele emazingeni aphansi emiphumela yezemvelo, kufaka phakathi ukuphuma kwegesi [okukhombisa ukushisa]," kusho lo mbiko.

Ukuhlaziywa kugcizelela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zase-UK kufanele zikhuthaze indlela “yokuphepha kwabantu” egxile ekulweni nobuphofu, impilo yokungasebenzi, ukungalingani kanye nezinkinga zezemvelo, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasosha ahlomile. "Lokhu kumele kufake uhlelo oluphelele 'lokuguqulwa kwezingalo' kubandakanya zonke izinkampani ezifanele zase-UK, kubandakanya nokuxhaswa ngezimali zokuqashwa kabusha kwabasebenzi."

Ezinye izindaba ezibalulekile zezemvelo ziyahlolwa kulo mbiko. I-MOD isithathe umgwaqo imishini engaphansi kuka-20 esetshenziswa amandla kusukela enhlanganweni kusukela ngo-1980, wonke aqukethe inqwaba yemfucumfucu eyingozi - kodwa akakaze aqede ukudilizwa kwanoma iyiphi yawo.

Umbiko ubala ukuthi i-MOD isadinga ukulahla amathani angama-4,500 1,000 wezinto ezinobungozi ezivela kulolo lwandle, njengoba amathani ayinkulungwane eyingozi kakhulu. Kuze kube ngu-1983, i-MOD imane yalahla imfucuza yomsakazo ezinsizeni zayo olwandle.

AbakwaMOD benqabile ukuphawula.

 

UMat Kennard uyinhloko yophenyo, kanti uMark Curtis ungumhleli, eDeclifiedified UK, inhlangano ephenya ngobuntatheli egxile ezinqubweni zenqubomgomo zase-UK, ezempi kanye nezobunhloli. I-Twitter - @DeclassifiedUK. Ungakwazi nikela ku-Declassified UK lapha.